第八周作业

学号:201771010138

姓名:邹丰蔚

面向对象程序设计java第八周学习总结

1、实验目的与要求

(1) 掌握接口定义方法;

(2) 掌握实现接口类的定义要求;

(3) 掌握实现了接口类的使用要求;

(4) 掌握程序回调设计模式;

(5) 掌握Comparator接口用法;

(6) 掌握对象浅层拷贝与深层拷贝方法;

(7) 掌握Lambda表达式语法;

(8) 了解内部类的用途及语法要求。

一、理论学习

6.1 接口:用interface声明,是抽象方法和常量值定义的集 合。从本质上讲,接口是一种特殊的抽象类。

(1)在Java程序设计语言中,接口不是类,而是对类 的一组需求描述,由常量和一组抽象方法组成。  接口中不包括变量和有具体实现的方法。

(2)接口体中包含常量定义和方法定义,接口中只进 行方法的声明,不提供方法的实现。

(3)通常接口的名字以able或ible结尾;

(4)接口中的所有常量必须是public static final,方法必须是public abstract,这是 系统默认的,不管你在定义接口时,写不写 修饰符都是一样的.

(5)接口的实现:一个类使用了某个接口,那么这个类必须实现该 接口的所有方法,即为这些方法提供方法体。一个类可以实现多个接口,接口间应该用逗号分 隔开。

(6)接口的使用:接口不能构造接口对象,但可以声明接口变量以指向一个实现了该接口的类对象。

(7)可以用instanceof检查对象是否实现了某个接口。

(8)抽象类:用abstract来声明,没有具体实例对象的类,不 能用new来创建对象。

6.2 接口示例

(1)回调(callback):一种程序设计模式,在这种模 式中,可指出某个特定事件发生时程序应该采取 的动作。

(2)Comparator接口所在包: java.util.*

(3)Object类的Clone方法:当拷贝一个对象变量时,原始变量与拷贝变量 引用同一个对象。这样,改变一个变量所引用 的对象会对另一个变量产生影响。

(4)如果要创建一个对象新的copy,它的最初状态与 original一样,但以后可以各自改变状态,就需 要使用Object类的clone方法。

(5)Object.clone()方法返回一个Object对象。必须进行强 制类型转换才能得到需要的类型。

(6)浅层拷贝与深层拷贝

(7)Java中对象克隆的实现:在子类中实现Cloneable接口。

(8)在子类的clone方法中,调用super.clone()。

6.3 lambda表达式

(1)Java Lambda 表达式是 Java 8 引入的一个新的功能,主 要用途是提供一个函数化的语法来简化编码。

(2)Lambda 表达式的语法基本结构 (arguments) -> body

(3)有如下几种情况: 1、参数类型可推导时,不需要指定类型,如 (a) -> System.out.println(a)  

2、 只有一个参数且类型可推导时,不强制写 (), 如 a -> System.out.println(a)    

3、 参数指定类型时,必须有括号,如 (int a) -> System.out.println(a)    

4、参数可以为空,如 () -> System.out.println(“hello”)    

5、 body 需要用 {} 包含语句,当只有一条语句时 {} 可省略

6.4 内部类:是定义在一个类内部的类。

(1)使用内部类的原因有以下三个: –内部类方法可以访问该类定义所在的作用域中 的数据,包括私有数据。

–内部类能够隐藏起来,不为同一包中的其他类 所见。

–想要定义一个回调函数且不想编写大量代码时, 使用匿名内部类比较便捷。

(2)内部类可以直接访问外部类的成员,包括 private成员,但是内部类的成员却不能被外部 类直接访问。

(3)内部类并非只能在类内定义,也可以在程序块内 定义局部内部类。

(4)如果构造参数的闭圆括号跟一个开花括号,表明正 在定义的就是匿名内部类。

6.5 代理(Proxy)

2、实验内容和步骤

实验1: 导入第6章示例程序,测试程序并进行代码注释。

测试程序1:

l 编辑、编译、调试运行阅读教材214页-215页程序6-1、6-2,理解程序并分析程序运行结果;

l 在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释。

l 掌握接口的实现用法;

掌握内置接口Compareable的用法。

复制代码
package interfaces;

import java.util.*;

/**
 * This program demonstrates the use of the Comparable interface.
 * @version 1.30 2004-02-27
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class EmployeeSortTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      Employee[] staff = new Employee[3];//普通数组

      staff[0] = new Employee("Harry Hacker", 35000);
      staff[1] = new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000);
      staff[2] = new Employee("Tony Tester", 38000);

      Arrays.sort(staff);//静态方法sort

      // 输出所有关于Employee对象的信息
      for (Employee e : staff)
         System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary());
   }
}
复制代码
复制代码
package interfaces;

public class Employee implements Comparable<Employee>//Employee实现JDK内置接口Comparable
{
   private String name;
   private double salary;
   //构造方法
   public Employee(String name, double salary)
   {
      this.name = name;
      this.salary = salary;
   }
   //访问器
   public String getName()
   {
      return name;
   }

   public double getSalary()
   {
      return salary;
   }
   //调用方法
   public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
   {
      double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
      salary += raise;
   }

   /**
    * Compares employees by salary
    * @param other another Employee object
    * @return a negative value if this employee has a lower salary than
    * otherObject, 0 if the salaries are the same, a positive value otherwise
    */
   public int compareTo(Employee other)
   {
      return Double.compare(salary, other.salary);//静态Double.compare方法
   }
}
复制代码

实验结果:

测试程序2:

l 编辑、编译、调试以下程序,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

interface  A

{

  double g=9.8;

  void show( );

}

class C implements A

//对C使用A接口的方法

{

  public void show( )

  {

  System.out.println("g="+g);

  }

}

 

class InterfaceTest

{

  public static void main(String[ ] args)

  {

       A a=new C( );

       a.show( );

       System.out.println("g="+C.g);

}

实验结果:

测试程序3:

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材223页6-3,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

l 26行、36行代码参阅224页,详细内容涉及教材12章。

l 在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释。

4)掌握回调程序设计模式

复制代码
package timer;

/**
   @version 1.01 2015-05-12
   @author Cay Horstmann
*/

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.Timer; 
// to resolve conflict with java.util.Timer

public class TimerTest
{  
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {  
      ActionListener listener = new TimePrinter();
       //实现了ActionListener的类对象
      // 构造一个timer对象存放在变量里,叫做listener
      // 每次间隔10秒
Timer t = new Timer(10000, listener);//定义间隔 t.start(); JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Quit program?"); System.exit(0); } } class TimePrinter implements ActionListener//内置接口 { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { System.out.println("At the tone, the time is " + new Date()); Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().beep(); } }
复制代码

实验结果:

测试程序4:

l 调试运行教材229页-231页程序6-4、6-5,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

l 在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释。

l 掌握对象克隆实现技术;

l 掌握浅拷贝和深拷贝的差别。

 

复制代码
package clone;

/**
 * This program demonstrates cloning.
 * @version 1.10 2002-07-01
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class CloneTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      try
      //放入try中,配合后面的语句捕获异常
      {
         Employee original = new Employee("John Q. Public", 50000);
         original.setHireDay(2000, 1, 1);
         Employee copy = original.clone();
         copy.raiseSalary(10);
         copy.setHireDay(2002, 12, 31);
         System.out.println("original=" + original);
         System.out.println("copy=" + copy);
      }
      catch (CloneNotSupportedException e)
      //捕获异常
      {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }
   }
}
复制代码

 

复制代码
package clone;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.GregorianCalendar;

public class Employee implements Cloneable
{
   private String name;
   private double salary;
   private Date hireDay;

   public Employee(String name, double salary)
   {
      this.name = name;
      this.salary = salary;
      hireDay = new Date();
   }

   public Employee clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException
   {
      // call Object.clone()
      Employee cloned = (Employee) super.clone();

      // clone mutable fields
      cloned.hireDay = (Date) hireDay.clone();

      return cloned;
   }

   /**
    * Set the hire day to a given date. 
    * @param year the year of the hire day
    * @param month the month of the hire day
    * @param day the day of the hire day
    */
   public void setHireDay(int year, int month, int day)
   {
      Date newHireDay = new GregorianCalendar(year, month - 1, day).getTime();
      
      // Example of instance field mutation
      hireDay.setTime(newHireDay.getTime());
   }

   public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
   {
      double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
      salary += raise;
   }

   public String toString()
   {
      return "Employee[name=" + name + ",salary=" + salary + ",hireDay=" + hireDay + "]";
   }
}
复制代码

实验结果:

 

 

 

 

实验2: 导入第6章示例程序6-6,学习Lambda表达式用法。

l 调试运行教材233页-234页程序6-6,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

l 在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释。

将27-29行代码与教材223页程序对比,将27-29行代码与此程序对比,体会Lambda表达式的优点。

复制代码
package lambda;

import java.util.*;

import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.Timer;

/**
 * This program demonstrates the use of lambda expressions.
 * @version 1.0 2015-05-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class LambdaTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      String[] planets = new String[] { "Mercury", "Venus", "Earth", "Mars", 
            "Jupiter", "Saturn", "Uranus", "Neptune" };//定义数组planets
      System.out.println(Arrays.toString(planets));//静态方法
      System.out.println("Sorted in dictionary order:");
      Arrays.sort(planets);//Arrays.sort方法接收实验Lambda类的对象
      System.out.println(Arrays.toString(planets));
      System.out.println("Sorted by length:");
      Arrays.sort(planets, (first, second) -> first.length() - second.length());//Lambda表达式
      System.out.println(Arrays.toString(planets));
            
      Timer t = new Timer(1000, event ->
         System.out.println("The time is " + new Date()));//Lambda表达式
      t.start();   
         
      // keep program running until user selects "Ok"
      JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Quit program?");
      System.exit(0);   //返回类型      
   }
}
复制代码
复制代码
package clone;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.GregorianCalendar;

public class Employee implements Cloneable
{
//定义三个私有属性
   private String name;//string类在lang包
   private double salary;
   private Date hireDay;

   public Employee(String name, double salary)
   {
      this.name = name;
      this.salary = salary;
      hireDay = new Date();
   }//构造方法

   public Employee clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException
   {
      // call Object.clone()
      Employee cloned = (Employee) super.clone();//强制类型转换

      // clone mutable fields
      cloned.hireDay = (Date) hireDay.clone();

      return cloned;
   }

   /**
    * Set the hire day to a given date. 
    * @param year the year of the hire day
    * @param month the month of the hire day
    * @param day the day of the hire day
    */
   public void setHireDay(int year, int month, int day)
   {
      Date newHireDay = new GregorianCalendar(year, month - 1, day).getTime();
       //创建一个实例字段变异的实例
      // Example of instance field mutation
      hireDay.setTime(newHireDay.getTime());
   }

   public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
   {
      double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
      salary += raise;
   }//调用

   public String toString()
   {
      return "Employee[name=" + name + ",salary=" + salary + ",hireDay=" + hireDay + "]";
   }
}
复制代码

 

实验结果:

实验3: 编程练习

编制一个程序,将身份证号.txt 中的信息读入到内存中;

l 按姓名字典序输出人员信息;

l 查询最大年龄的人员信息;

l 查询最小年龄人员信息;

输入你的年龄,查询身份证号.txt中年龄与你最近人的姓名、身份证号、年龄、性别和出生地;

|查询人员中是否有你的同乡

 Main:

package 身份证;

 

 

 

import java.io.BufferedReader;

 

import java.io.File;

 

import java.io.FileInputStream;

 

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

 

import java.io.IOException;

 

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

 

import java.util.ArrayList;

 

import java.util.Arrays;

 

import java.util.Collections;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Scanner;

 

 

 

public class Main{

 

    private static ArrayList<student> studentlist;

 

    public static void main(String[] args) {

 

        studentlist = new ArrayList<>();

 

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

 

        File file = new File("C:\\身份证号.txt");

 

        try {

 

            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);

 

            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));

 

            String temp = null;

 

            while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) {

 

                

 

                Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp);

 

                

 

                linescanner.useDelimiter(" ");    

 

                String name = linescanner.next();

 

                String number = linescanner.next();

 

                String sex = linescanner.next();

 

                String year = linescanner.next();

 

                String province =linescanner.nextLine();

 

                student student = student();

 

                student.setname(name);

 

                student.setnumber(number);

 

                student.setsex(sex);

                

                int a = Integer.parseInt(year);

                

                student.setyear(year);

 

                student.setprovince(province);

 

                studentlist.add(student);

 

 

 

            }

 

        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

 

            System.out.println("学生信息文件找不到");

 

            e.printStackTrace();

 

        } catch (IOException e) {

 

            System.out.println("学生信息文件读取错误");

 

            e.printStackTrace();

 

        }

 

        boolean isTrue = true;

 

        while (isTrue) {

 

 

 

            System.out.println("1.按姓名字典序输出人员信息:");

 

            System.out.println("2.查询最大年龄的人员信息:");

 

            System.out.println("3.查询最小年龄人员信息:");

            

            System.out.println("4.输入你的年龄,查询身份证号.txt中年龄与你最近人的信息:");

            

            System.out.println("5.查询人员中是否有你的同乡:");

 

            int nextInt = scanner.nextInt();

 

            switch (nextInt) {

 

            case 1:

            

                Collections.sort( studentlist);

                

                System.out.println( studentlist.toString());

                

                break;

 

 

case 2:

                

                int MAX=0,MIN=100;int j,k1 = 0,k2=0;

                

                for(int i=1;i< studentlist.size();i++)

                {

                    j= studentlist.get(i).getyear();

                    

                   if(j>MAX)

                   {

                       MAX=j;

                       k1=i;

                   }

                   

                   System.out.println("年龄最大:"+ studentlist.get(k1));

                }

                   break;

 

            case 3:

 

              int max=0,min=100;int L,m1 = 0,m2=0;

              

              for(int i=1;i< studentlist.size();i++)

                 {

                     L= studentlist.get(i).getyear();

                     if(L>max)

                     {

                         max=L;

                         m1=i;

                     }

                     if(L<min)

                     {

                         min=L;

                         m2=i;

                     }

                 }

                     System.out.println("年龄最小:"+ studentlist.get(m2));

                   

                     break;

 

            case 4:

                System.out.println("province?");

                

                String find = scanner.next();      

                

                String province=find.substring(0,3);

                

                String province2=find.substring(0,3);

                

                for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++)

                {

                    if( studentlist.get(i).getprovince().substring(1,4).equals(province))

                    

                        System.out.println(studentlist.get(i));

 

                }

                

                break;

            case 5:

                System.out.println("年龄:");

                

                int yourage = scanner.nextInt();

                

                int near=yearnear(yourage);

                

                int d_value=yourage-studentlist.get(near).getyear();

                

                System.out.println(""+studentlist.get(near));

                

           /*     for (int i = 0; i < Peoplelist.size(); i++)

                {

                    int p=Personlist.get(i).getage()-yourage;

                    if(p<0) p=-p;

                    if(p==d_value) System.out.println(Peoplelist.get(i));

                }   */

                break;

            case 6:

                isTrue = false;

                System.out.println("退出程序!");

                     break;

                 default:

                     System.out.println("输入有误");

                 }

             }

         }

 

                

        private static student student() {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

return null;

}

 

 

public static int yearnear(int year) {

            

            int min=25,d_value=0,k=0;

             for (int i = 0; i <  studentlist.size(); i++)

             {

                 d_value= studentlist.get(i).getyear()-year;

                 if(d_value<0) d_value=-d_value;

                 if (d_value<min)

                 {

                    min=d_value;

                    k=i;

                 }

 

              }    return k;

             

          }

 

      

     }

student:

package 身份证;

 

 

 

public abstract class  student implements Comparable<student> {

 

 

 

    private String name;

 

    private String number ;

 

    private String sex ;

 

    private String year;

 

    private String province;

 

   

 

    public String getname()

    {

 

        return name;

 

    }

 

    public void setName(String name)

    {

 

        this.name = name;

 

    }

 

    public String getnumber()

    {

 

        return number;

 

    }

 

    public void setnumber(String number)

    {

 

        this.number = number;

 

    }

 

    public String getsex()

    {

 

        return sex ;

 

    }

 

    public void setsex(String sex )

    {

 

        this.sex =sex ;

 

    }

 

    public String getyaer()

    {

 

        return year;

 

    }

 

    public void setyear(String year )

    {

 

        this.year=year ;

 

    }

 

    public String getprovince()

    {

 

        return province;

 

    }

 

    public void setprovince(String province)

    {

 

        this.province=province ;

 

    }

    public int compareTo(student o)

    {

        return this.name.compareTo(o.getname());

 

     }

 

     public String toString()

     {

         return  name+"\t"+sex+"\t"+year+"\t"+number+"\t"+province+"\n";

         }

 

public int getyear()

{

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

return 0;

}

 

public void setname(String name2)

{

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

 

}

}

实验结果:

实验4:内部类语法验证实验

实验程序1:

l 编辑、调试运行教材246页-247页程序6-7,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

l 了解内部类的基本用法。

复制代码
package innerClass;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.Timer;

/**
 * This program demonstrates the use of inner classes.
 * @version 1.11 2015-05-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class InnerClassTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      TalkingClock clock = new TalkingClock(1000, true);//实现了TalkingClock的类对象
      clock.start();

      // keep program running until user selects "Ok"
      JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Quit program?");
      System.exit(0);//
   }
}

/**
 * A clock that prints the time in regular intervals.
 */
class TalkingClock
{
   //声明属性
    private int interval;
   private boolean beep;

   /**
    * Constructs a talking clock
    * @param interval the interval between messages (in milliseconds)
    * @param beep true if the clock should beep
    */
   public TalkingClock(int interval, boolean beep)
   {
      this.interval = interval;
      this.beep = beep;
   }//构造方法

   /**
    * Starts the clock.
    */
   public void start()
   {
      ActionListener listener = new TimePrinter();
      Timer t = new Timer(interval, listener);
      t.start();
   }

   public class TimePrinter implements ActionListener//实现ActionListener的公共类TimePrinter
   {
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         System.out.println("At the tone, the time is " + new Date());
         if (beep) Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().beep();
      }
   }
}
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实验结果:

 

实验程序2:

l 编辑、调试运行教材254页程序6-8,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

了解匿名内部类的用法。

复制代码
package anonymousInnerClass;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.Timer;

/**
 * This program demonstrates anonymous inner classes.
 * @version 1.11 2015-05-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class AnonymousInnerClassTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      TalkingClock clock = new TalkingClock();//TalkingClock类声明为私有的
      clock.start(1000, true);

      // keep program running until user selects "Ok"
      JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Quit program?");
      System.exit(0);
   }
}

/**
 * A clock that prints the time in regular intervals.
 */
class TalkingClock
{
   /**
    * Starts the clock.
    * @param interval the interval between messages (in milliseconds)
    * @param beep true if the clock should beep
    */
   public void start(int interval, boolean beep)
   {
      ActionListener listener = new ActionListener()
         {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
            {
               System.out.println("At the tone, the time is " + new Date());
               if (beep) Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().beep();
               //外围类引用.
            }
         };
      Timer t = new Timer(interval, listener);
      t.start();
   }
}
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实验结果:

实验程序3:

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材257页-258页程序6-9,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

了解静态内部类的用法。

复制代码
package staticInnerClass;

/**
 * This program demonstrates the use of static inner classes.
 * @version 1.02 2015-05-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class StaticInnerClassTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      double[] d = new double[20];
      for (int i = 0; i < d.length; i++)
         d[i] = 100 * Math.random();//算法
      ArrayAlg.Pair p = ArrayAlg.minmax(d);
      System.out.println("min = " + p.getFirst());
      System.out.println("max = " + p.getSecond());
   }//访问器
}

class ArrayAlg
{
   /**
    * A pair of floating-point numbers
    */
   public static class Pair
   {
      //声明私有属性       
      private double first;
      private double second;

      /**
       * Constructs a pair from two floating-point numbers
       * @param f the first number
       * @param s the second number
       */
      public Pair(double f, double s)
      {
         first = f;
         second = s;
      }

      /**
       * Returns the first number of the pair
       * @return the first number
       */
      public double getFirst()
      {
         return first;
      }
     // 访问器
      /**
       * Returns the second number of the pair
       * @return the second number
       */
      public double getSecond()
      {
         return second;
      }
   }

   /**
    * Computes both the minimum and the maximum of an array
    * @param values an array of floating-point numbers
    * @return a pair whose first element is the minimum and whose second element
    * is the maximum
    */
   public static Pair minmax(double[] values)
   {
      double min = Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
      double max = Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;//变量
      for (double v : values)
      {
         if (min > v) min = v;
         if (max < v) max = v;
      }
      return new Pair(min, max);
   }
}
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实验结果:

总结:本章我们学习了接口定义方法,了解和熟悉了接口的使用方法,Lambda表达式语法,Comparator接口用法,还能够区分浅拷贝和深拷贝的异同之处,最后基本了解了内部类的定义和使用。这周也主要是以案例练习为主。但在这些知识上仍然还有很多不太理解的地方,还需要在之后的学习中慢慢融会贯通。比如只会用接口编写一些简单的程序。这周的学习也让我感觉到了学习java的难度,在之后的学习中我会更加认真努力的学习。

posted on 2018-10-21 19:34  wxsfzfw  阅读(215)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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