经济学的三个问题

1.人们如何做出决策    how people make decisions

　　人们面临得失交换（权衡取舍）people face tradeoffs

　　某物的成本是为此所放弃的东西  the cost of something is what you give up to get it

　　理性人思考边际量  rational people think at the margin

　　人们会对激励做出反应  people response to incentives

2.人们如何相互作用  how   people interact

　　贸易使人收益  trade can make everyone better off

 　   市场通常是组织经济活动的好方式  Markets are usually a good way to orginze economic activitives.

　　政府有时可以改进市场结果   Governments can sometimes improve market outcames.

3.整体经济如何运行    how the economy as a whole  --- 宏观经济学

　　一国的生活水平取决于它的生产  the standard of living depends on a country's production

　　当政府发行了过多的货币时，物价上涨 prices rise when the government print too much money

　　社会面临通货膨胀和失业之间的短期得失交换 Society faces a short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment.