Boost Python官方样例(二)
返回值
使用return_by_value有点像C++ 11的auto关键字,可以让模板自适应返回值类型(返回值类型必须是要拷贝到新的python对象的任意引用或值类型),可以使用return_by_value替换copy_const_reference、copy_non_const_reference、manage_new_object和reference_existing_object
返回常量对象引用
编写C++函数实现
$ vim ref.h
struct Bar { int x; };
struct Foo {
Foo(int x) { b.x = x; }
Bar const& get_bar() const { return b; }
private:
Bar b;
};
编写Boost.Python文件
$ vim ref_wrapper.cpp
#include <boost/python/module.hpp>
#include <boost/python/class.hpp>
#include <boost/python/copy_const_reference.hpp>
#include <boost/python/return_value_policy.hpp>
#include "ref.h"
// Wrapper code
using namespace boost::python;
BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(ref_ext)
{
class_<Bar>("Bar")
.def_readwrite("x", &Bar::x);
class_<Foo>("Foo", init<int>())
.def("get_bar", &Foo::get_bar
, return_value_policy<copy_const_reference>());
}
运行python测试库文件
$ python
>>> import ref_ext
>>> f = ref_ext.Foo(2)
>>> b = f.get_bar()
>>> b.x
2
返回对象引用
编写C++函数实现
$ vim ref.cpp
struct Bar { int x; };
struct Foo {
Foo(int x) { b.x = x; }
Bar& get_bar() { return b; }
private:
Bar b;
};
编写Boost.Python文件
$ vim ref_wrapper.cpp
#include <boost/python/module.hpp>
#include <boost/python/class.hpp>
#include <boost/python/copy_const_reference.hpp>
#include <boost/python/return_value_policy.hpp>
#include "ref.h"
// Wrapper code
using namespace boost::python;
BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(ref_ext)
{
class_<Bar>("Bar")
.def_readwrite("x", &Bar::x);
class_<Foo>("Foo", init<int>())
.def("get_bar", &Foo::get_bar
, return_value_policy<copy_non_const_reference>());
}
运行python测试库文件
$ python
>>> import ref_ext
>>> f = ref_ext.Foo(3)
>>> b = f.get_bar()
>>> b.x
3
返回堆对象
编写C++函数实现
$ vim ref.h
#include <iostream>
struct Foo {
Foo(int v) : x(v) {}
~Foo() { std::cout << "Foo destructor" << std::endl; }
int x;
};
Foo* make_foo(int x) { return new Foo(x); }
编写Boost.Python文件
$ vim ref_wrapper.cpp
#include <boost/python/module.hpp>
#include <boost/python/def.hpp>
#include <boost/python/args.hpp>
#include <boost/python/class.hpp>
#include <boost/python/manage_new_object.hpp>
#include <boost/python/return_value_policy.hpp>
#include "ref.h"
// Wrapper code
using namespace boost::python;
BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(ref_ext)
{
def("make_foo", make_foo, return_value_policy<manage_new_object>());
class_<Foo>("Foo", init<int>())
.def_readwrite("x", &Foo::x);
}
运行python测试库文件
$ python
>>> import ref_ext
>>> f = ref_ext.make_foo(3)
>>> f.x
3
返回静态对象
编写C++函数实现
$ vim ref.h
#include <utility>
struct Singleton
{
Singleton() : x(0) {}
int exchange(int n) // set x and return the old value
{
std::swap(n, x);
return n;
}
int x;
};
Singleton& get_it()
{
static Singleton just_one;
return just_one;
}
编写Boost.Python文件
$ vim ref_wrapper.cpp
#include <boost/python/module.hpp>
#include <boost/python/def.hpp>
#include <boost/python/class.hpp>
#include <boost/python/reference_existing_object.hpp>
#include <boost/python/return_value_policy.hpp>
#include "ref.h"
using namespace boost::python;
BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(ref_ext)
{
def("get_it", get_it, return_value_policy<reference_existing_object>());
class_<Singleton>("Singleton")
.def("exchange", &Singleton::exchange);
}
运行python测试库文件
$ python
>>> import ref_ext
>>> s1 = ref_ext.get_it()
>>> s2 = ref_ext.get_it()
>>> id(s1) == id(s2)
False
>>> s1.exchange(42)
0
>>> s2.exchange(99)
42
枚举
创建工程目录
$ mkdir Lesson5
$ cd Lesson5
编写C++函数实现
$ vim enum.h
enum color { red = 1, green = 2, blue = 8 };
编写Boost.Python文件
$ vim enum_wrapper.cpp
#include <boost/python.hpp>
#include "enum.h"
BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(enum_ext)
{
using namespace boost::python;
enum_<color>("color")
.value("red", red)
.value("green", green)
.value("blue", blue);
}
为库编写CMakeLists.txt
$ vim CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
project(enum)
### 此处的动态库名必须和BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE()中定义的保持一致,即最后生成的库必须名为enum_ext.so
set(enumSRC enum_wrapper.cpp)
add_library(enum_ext SHARED ${enumSRC})
set_target_properties(enum_ext PROPERTIES PREFIX "")
#dependencies
INCLUDE(FindPkgConfig)
pkg_check_modules(PYTHON REQUIRED python)
include_directories(/usr/include ${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS})
target_link_libraries(enum_ext boost_python)
编译库
$ mkdir build
$ cd build
$ cmake ..
$ make
运行python测试库文件
### 在build目录下执行,即enum_ext.so存在的目录(可以将so移至其他目录,这样就可以在其他目录下打开python终端)
$ python
>>> import enum_ext
>>> help(enum_ext)
>>> enum_ext.color
<class 'enum_ext.color'>
>>> int(enum_ext.color.red)
1
>>> int(enum_ext.color.blue)
8