mockito使用
mockito学习资料:
http://docs.mockito.googlecode.com/hg/org/mockito/Mockito.html
http://blog.csdn.net/sdyy321/article/details/38757135
1、验证行为是否发生
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@Test public void mockedList(){ List mockedList = mock(List. class ); mockedList.add( "one" ); mockedList.clear(); verify(mockedList).add( "one" ); verify(mockedList).clear(); } |
验证add和clear是否执行。
2、验证返回值
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@Test public void two(){ //模拟创建一个List对象 LinkedList mockLinkedList = mock(LinkedList. class ); //打桩,当LinkedList调用get(0)方法时,第一次返回zero,第二次n次返回nnnn when(mockLinkedList.get( 0 )).thenReturn( "zero" ).thenReturn( "nnnn" ); //使用mock对象 System.out.println(mockLinkedList.get( 0 )); System.out.println(mockLinkedList.get( 0 )); System.out.println(mockLinkedList.get( 0 )); //验证行为get是否发生 verify(mockLinkedList).get( 0 ); } |
这里注意所有的方法都会有返回值,如果没有设置返回值,那么就会返回null或者空集、适当的类型。 Stubbing可以被重写,也就是同一个参数方法可以放回不同的值,但是已最后一次设置的值为标准。一旦被 Stubbed,无论方法被调用多少次,都只会返回Stubbed value。最后一次最重要原则。
3、参数匹配
通过equals()来验证参数。
不同的参数返回不同的结果:
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when(comparable.compareTo( "Test" )).thenReturn( 1 ); when(comparable.compareTo( "Omg" )).thenReturn( 2 ); |
一旦你使用了参数匹配器,那么所有的参数都必须由匹配器给出:
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//stubbing using built-in anyInt() argument matcher when(mockedList.get(anyInt())).thenReturn( "element" ); //stubbing using hamcrest (let's say isValid() returns your own hamcrest matcher): when(mockedList.contains(argThat(isValid()))).thenReturn( "element" ); //following prints "element" System.out.println(mockedList.get( 999 )); //you can also verify using an argument matcher verify(mockedList).get(anyInt()); |
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verify(mock).someMethod(anyInt(), anyString(), eq( "third argument" )); //above is correct - eq() is also an argument matcher verify(mock).someMethod(anyInt(), anyString(), "third argument" ); //above is incorrect - exception will be thrown because third argument is given without an argument matcher. |
4、验证调用次数
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@Test public void three(){ List mockedList = mock(List. class ); mockedList.add( 1 ); mockedList.add( 2 ); mockedList.add( 2 ); mockedList.add( 3 ); mockedList.add( 3 ); mockedList.add( 3 ); //验证是否被调用一次,等效于下面的times(1),默认的,可以不写 verify(mockedList).add( 1 ); verify(mockedList,times( 1 )).add( 1 ); //验证是否被调用2次 verify(mockedList,times( 2 )).add( 2 ); //验证是否被调用3次 verify(mockedList,times( 3 )).add( 3 ); //验证是否从未被调用过 verify(mockedList,never()).add( 4 ); //验证至少调用一次 verify(mockedList,atLeastOnce()).add( 1 ); //验证至少调用2次 verify(mockedList,atLeast( 2 )).add( 2 ); //验证至多调用3次 verify(mockedList,atMost( 3 )).add( 3 ); } |
add(1)这个方法被调用了1次,add(2)这个被调用了2次。add(3)这个方法被调用了3次,如果将verify(mockedList,times(1)).add(3);运行后那么就会出现错误:
5、模拟方法体抛出异常
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doThrow( new RuntimeException()).when(mockedList).clear(); //following throws RuntimeException: mockedList.clear(); doThrow( new RuntimeException()).when(list).add( 1 ); list.add( 1 ); |
6、验证执行的顺序
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@Test public void four(){ List firstList = mock(List. class ); List secondList = mock(List. class ); //using mocks firstList.add( "was called first one mock" ); secondList.add( "was called second one mock" ); //create inOrder object passing any mocks that need to be verified in order InOrder indOrder = inOrder(firstList,secondList); indOrder.verify(firstList).add( "was called first one mock" ); indOrder.verify(secondList).add( "was called second one mock" ); } |
如果将11,12调换,
indOrder.verify(secondList).add("was called second one mock");
indOrder.verify(firstList).add("was called first one mock");
会出现如下错误:
可是如果顺序如下:
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firstList.add( "was called first one mock" ); secondList.add( "was called second one mock" ); InOrder indOrder = inOrder(secondList,firstList); indOrder.verify(firstList).add( "was called first one mock" ); indOrder.verify(secondList).add( "was called second one mock" ); |
inorder中顺序调换后,上面程序居然没有出错?难道我理解错了。验证的顺序是按照inOrder中给出的,也就是second要在first前面,而在verify中明显second在first后验证了,应该出错啊。
7、模拟对象上没有相互关系
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//using mocks - only mockOne is interacted mockOne.add( "one" ); //ordinary verification verify(mockOne).add( "one" ); //verify that method was never called on a mock verify(mockOne, never()).add( "two" ); //verify that other mocks were not interacted verifyZeroInteractions(mockTwo, mockThree); |
8、找出多余的调用
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//using mocks mockedList.add( "one" ); mockedList.add( "two" ); verify(mockedList).add( "one" ); //following verification will fail 检查是否有未被验证的行为 verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockedList); verify(list,times( 2 )).add(anyInt()); //检查是否有未被验证的互动行为,因为add(1)和add(2)都会被上面的anyInt()验证到,所以下面的代码会通过 verifyNoMoreInteractions(list); |
mockedList还有add("two")没有验证,所以出错。
9、使用注解来mock
这里注意要在构造函数中初试化mock对象,否则mock对象为null。
也可以通过在类上使用注解:@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
这样就不需要初始化mock了。
10、连续调用
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@Test (expected = RuntimeException. class ) public void consecutive_calls(){ List mockList = mock(List. class ); //模拟连续调用返回期望值,如果分开,则只有最后一个有效 when(mockList.get( 0 )).thenReturn( 0 ); when(mockList.get( 0 )).thenReturn( 1 ); when(mockList.get( 0 )).thenReturn( 2 ); when(mockList.get( 1 )).thenReturn( 0 ).thenReturn( 1 ).thenThrow( new RuntimeException()); assertEquals( 2 ,mockList.get( 0 )); assertEquals( 2 ,mockList.get( 0 )); assertEquals( 0 ,mockList.get( 1 )); assertEquals( 1 ,mockList.get( 1 )); //第三次或更多调用都会抛出异常 mockList.get( 1 ); } |
11、使用回调来stub
通用:
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when(mock.someMethod(anyString())).thenAnswer( new Answer() { Object answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) { Object[] args = invocation.getArguments(); Object mock = invocation.getMock(); return "called with arguments: " + args; } }); //Following prints "called with arguments: foo" System.out.println(mock.someMethod( "foo" )); |
使用:
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@Test public void six(){ List mockList = mock(List. class ); when(mockList.get(anyInt())).thenAnswer( new Answer<Object>() { public Object answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) throws Throwable { Object[] args = invocation.getArguments(); return "hi:" +args[ 0 ]; } }); assertEquals( "hi:0" ,mockList.get( 0 )); assertEquals( "hi:1" ,mockList.get( 1 )); } |
12、对于void方法,有系列函数可以用来处理。
doThrow() doAnswer doNothing doReturn。当一个void的方法有异常抛出时可以使用doThrow()。
13、监控真实对象
当使用spy的时候真正的方法将会被调用,而不再是stub的对象了,这个和部分mock的思想是一样的。
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@Test public void seven(){ List list = new LinkedList(); List spy = spy(list); //optionally, you can stub out some methods: when(spy.size()).thenReturn( 100 ); //using the spy calls real methods spy.add( "one" ); spy.add( "two" ); //prints "one" - the first element of a list System.out.println(spy.get( 0 )); //size() method was stubbed - 100 is printed System.out.println(spy.size()); //optionally, you can verify verify(spy).add( "one" ); verify(spy).add( "two" ); } |
使用spy的时候需要注意一点:有时候是不能使用when语句的
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List list = new LinkedList(); List spy = spy(list); //Impossible: real method is called so spy.get(0) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException (the list is yet empty) when(spy.get( 0 )).thenReturn( "foo" ); //You have to use doReturn() for stubbing doReturn( "foo" ).when(spy).get( 0 ); |
14、设置未stub的调用的默认值
对于没有stub方法的调用,我们一般返回null,或者是默认类型。也可以修改使其返回你指定的值。
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@Test public void eight(){ //mock对象使用Answer来对未预设的调用返回默认期望值 List mocklist = mock(List. class , new Answer(){ public Object answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) throws Throwable { return 999 ; } }); //下面的get(1)没有预设,通常情况下会返回NULL,但是使用了Answer改变了默认期望值 assertEquals( 999 , mocklist.get( 1 )); //下面的size()没有预设,通常情况下会返回0,但是使用了Answer改变了默认期望值 assertEquals( 999 ,mocklist.size()); }
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