python自动化运维记录
解释器
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
基础学习脚本
+加号拼接
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import getpass
name = input("Please input your name")
pwd = getpass.getpass("please input your passwd")
print("My name is" + name, "and passwd is" + pwd)
输出
# chmod +x study1.py
# pytohon study1.py
Please input your namehuang
please input your passwd
My name ishuang and passwd is123
逗号 空格分割：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import getpass
name = input("Please input your name")
pwd = getpass.getpass("please input your passwd")
print("My name is", name, "and passwd is", pwd)
输出:
# python study1.py
Please input your namehuang
please input your passwd
My name is huang and passwd is 123
格式化输出：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8
name = input("please input your name: ")
age = input("please input your age: ")
job = input("please input your job: ")
msg = '''
# 默认字符串形式输出%s
Information of %s
-----------------
Name: %s
Age: %s
Job: %s
''' %(name,name,age,job)
print(msg)
输出：
# python study2.py
please input your name: huang
please input your age: 12
please input your job: engineer
Information of huang
-----------------
Name: huang
Age: 12
Job: engineer
python3中格式化输出默认接收的都是字符串，如果是数字则需要另外强制转化为init（）转化为数字类型
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8
name = input("please input your name: ")
age = input("please input your age: ")
job = input("please input your job: ")
msg = '''
Information of %s
-----------------
Name: %s
Age: %d
Job: %s
''' %(name,name,age,job)
print(msg)
运行：
please input your name: 1
please input your age: 12
please input your job: 12
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "study2.py", line 14, in <module>
''' %(name,name,age,job)
TypeError: %d format: a number is required, not str
报错原因： age没有转化格式为数字，导致执行代码时报错，init()转化了则不会报错
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8
name = input("please input your name: ")
age = input("please input your age: ")
age = int(age)
job = input("please input your job: ")
msg = '''
Information of %s
-----------------
Name: %s
Age: %d
Job: %s
''' %(name,name,age,job)
print(msg)
运行：
# python study2.py
please input your name: huang
please input your age: 12
please input your job: student
Information of huang
-----------------
Name: huang
Age: 12
Job: student
模块
sys
sys.argv 从外部向程序内部传递参数
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8
import sys
print(sys.argv)
print(sys.argv[0])
print(sys.argv[2])
运行：[获取执行脚本时带上的参数被获取到]
# python module_test1.py hello world
['module_test1.py', 'hello', 'world']
module_test1.py
world
#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
for i in range(len(sys.argv)):
print('argv{0}: type is {1}, value is {2}'.format(i, type(sys.argv[i]), sys.argv[i]))
# python sys_argv.py 1 2 s
argv0: type is <class 'str'>, value is sys_argv.py
argv1: type is <class 'str'>, value is 1
argv2: type is <class 'str'>, value is 2
argv3: type is <class 'str'>, value is s
循环
while 循环
eg1
[1:] 意义：遍历，去掉列表中的第一个元素(下表为0)，去后面的元素进行操作
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8
url = "lannister.poizon.com"
while url:
print(url)
url = url[1:]
运行：
lannister.poizon.com
annister.poizon.com
nnister.poizon.com
nister.poizon.com
ister.poizon.com
ster.poizon.com
ter.poizon.com
er.poizon.com
r.poizon.com
.poizon.com
poizon.com
oizon.com
izon.com
zon.com
on.com
n.com
.com
com
om
m
eg2
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8
x = 0;y = 10
while x < 10:
print(x)
x += 1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
[:-1]：遍历，去掉列表中的最后一个元素，去前面一个的元素进行操作
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8
url = 'lannister.poizon.com'
while url:
print(url)
url = url[:-1]
else:
print('game over')
运行：
lannister.poizon.com
lannister.poizon.co
lannister.poizon.c
lannister.poizon.
lannister.poizon
lannister.poizo
lannister.poiz
lannister.poi
lannister.po
lannister.p
lannister.
lannister
lanniste
lannist
lannis
lanni
lann
lan
la
l
game over
函数
pop函数
使用： 用于一处列表中的一个元素，默认最后一个元素，并且返回该元素值
pop(0) 删除第一个元素
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8
list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
count = 0
while list:
print(list[0])
list.pop()
list2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
count = 0
while list2:
print(list[0])
list.pop(0)
运行：
# part 1:
1
1
1
1
1
# part 2:
1
2
3
4
5
场景练习脚本：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8
import getpass
name = 'sihye'
pwd = '123456'
count = 0
while True:
if count < 3:
print('please enter your name and passwd ')
username = input('username: ')
passwd = getpass.getpass('passwd: ')
if username == name and passwd == pwd:
print('welcome come back')
break;
else:
print('wrong')
else:
print('you have already failed 3 times...logging out...')
break;
count += 1
运行：
# python user_login.py
please enter your name and passwd
username: sihye
passwd:
wrong
please enter your name and passwd
username: sihye
passwd:
wrong
please enter your name and passwd
username: sihye
passwd:
welcome come back
场景二：猜年龄游戏
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8
age = 8
count = 0
for i in range(20):
if count < 3:
a = int(input("age: "))
if a == age:
print('success')
break
elif a < age:
print('smaller~')
else:
print('bigger~')
else:
b = input('continue? ')
if b == 'yes':
count = 0
continue
else:
print('see u next time')
break
count += 1
运行：
# python guess_age.py
age: 1
smaller~
age: 2
smaller~
age: 1
smaller~
continue? no
see u next time
# python guess_age.py
age: 8
success
运维场景脚本
新创脚本时可自动生成python解释器
# 在用户的家目录下创建'.vimrc'文件
# root用户
# ---------
# vim ~/.vimrc
function HeaderPython()
call setline(1, "#!/usr/bin/env python")
call append(1, "#-*- coding:utf8 -*-")
normal G
normal o
normal o
endf
autocmd bufnewfile *.py call HeaderPython()
保存退出即可，之后创建.py文件就会自动生成解释器
输出某个目录下所有子目录下的文件，并输出绝对路径
方法一：用OS库
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf8 -*-
import os
for root,dirs,files in os.walk('/server/scripts'):
for name in files:
print(os.path.join(root,name))
方法二：用pathlib
path.rglob()相当于 os.walk,可添加筛选条件
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf8 -*-
from pathlib import Path
path = Path(r'/server')
for p in path.rglob("*.py"):
print(str(p))
pathlib库
引用：
from pathlib import Path
p = Path()
p.name 获取文件名，包含所有目录名和文件名
p.parent 获取每个文件的目录名称，一直到最后一层目录都输出，有几个文件就会输出几次
p.parents 会输出每一个子目录，返回一个iterable
场景：
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf8 -*-
from pathlib import Path
path = Path(r'/server/scripts/python')
for p in path.rglob("*"):
p.parents
for i in p.parents:
print(i)
运行：
server/scripts/python
/server/scripts
/server
/
/server/scripts/python
/server/scripts
/server
/
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts
/server/scripts/python
/server/scripts
/server
/
场景二：
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf8 -*-
from pathlib import Path
path = Path(r'/server/scripts/python')
for p in path.rglob("*"):
print(p.parent)
运行：
/server/scripts/python
/server/scripts/python
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts
场景三：判断文件是否存在
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf8 -*-
from pathlib import Path
path = Path(r'/server')
path = Path(path,'scripts') # 字符串拼接，也就是后面检验的是/server/scripts是否存在
print(path.exists()) #判断文件是否存在
print(path.is_file()) #判断是否是文件
print(path.is_dir()) #判断是否是目录
运行：
# python find_file.py
True
False
True
场景四：遍历文件夹
path.iterdir（）： 相当域os.listdir，
path.glob('*')， 相当于os.listdir， 可添加条件
path.rglob('*'),相当于 os.walk , 可添加筛选条件
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf8 -*-
from pathlib import Path
path = Path(r'/server/scripts')
for p in path.glob("*ell"):
print(p)
print('------------------')
for n in path.iterdir():
print(n)
print('------------------')
for i in path.rglob("*.py"):
print(i)
print('------------------')
运行：
# python find_file.py
/server/scripts/shell
------------------
/server/scripts/python
/server/scripts/shell
------------------
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts/while_test2.py
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts/guess_age.py
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts/user_login.py
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts/name_test2.py
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts/sys_argv.py
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts/while_test.py
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts/sys_os.py
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts/while_test3.py
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts/name_test1.py
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts/stdout.py
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts/module_test1.py
/server/scripts/python/ops_base_scripts/find_file.py
/server/scripts/python/ops_base_scripts/dic_list.py
------------------
场景五：创建文件夹
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf8 -*-
from pathlib import Path
# 第一种方式：前提是tmp文件夹必须存在，否则会报错。
path = Path(r'/server/tmp/python')
path.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
# 第二种方式：若是tmp文件不存在会递归创建文件夹。
path = Path(r'/server/tmp/python')
path.mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True)
场景五： 获取文件的详细信息
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding:utf-8
from pathlib import Path
path = Path(r'/server/scripts/python')
print(path.stat())
print(path.stat().st_size)
print(path.stat().st_ctime)
运行：
场景六： 查看某个目录下有几个匹配类型文件
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf8 -*-
from pathlib import Path
path = Path(r'/server/scripts')
for p in path.rglob('*.py'):
print(p.parent)
运行：
# python review.py | sort -rn | uniq -c
13 /server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts
4 /server/scripts/python/ops_base_scripts
