(六)授权(下):自定义permission
一、Authorizer、PermissionResolver及RolePermissionResolver
Authorizer的职责是进行授权(访问控制),是Shiro API中授权核心的入口点,其提供了相应的角色/权限判断接口,具体请参考其Javadoc。SecurityManager继承了Authorizer接口,且提供了ModularRealmAuthorizer用于多Realm时的授权匹配。PermissionResolver用于解析权限字符串到Permission实例,而RolePermissionResolver用于根据角色解析相应的权限集合。
二、案例
- shiro.ini
[main] #自定义authorizer authorizer=org.apache.shiro.authz.ModularRealmAuthorizer #自定义permissionResolver #permissionResolver=org.apache.shiro.authz.permission.WildcardPermissionResolver permissionResolver=servlet.BitAndWildPermissionResolver authorizer.permissionResolver=$permissionResolver #自定义rolePermissionResolver rolePermissionResolver=servlet.MyRolePermissionResolver authorizer.rolePermissionResolver=$rolePermissionResolver securityManager.authorizer=$authorizer #自定义realm 一定要放在securityManager.authorizer赋值之后(因为调用setRealms会将realms设置给authorizer,并给各个Realm设置permissionResolver和rolePermissionResolver) realm=realms.MyRealm1 securityManager.realms=$realm
- 对于ModularRealmAuthorizer,相应的AuthorizingSecurityManager会在初始化完成后自动将相应的realm设置进去,我们也可以通过调用其setRealms()方法进行设置
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BitPermission.java
package servlet; import org.apache.shiro.authz.Permission; /** * BitPermission用于实现位移方式的权限,如规则是: * * 权限字符串格式:+资源字符串+权限位+实例ID;以+开头中间通过+分割;权限:0 表示所有权限;1 新增(二进制:0001)、2 * 修改(二进制:0010)、4 删除(二进制:0100)、8 查看(二进制:1000);如 +user+10 表示对资源user拥有修改/查看权限。 * * @author Administrator * */ public class BitPermission implements Permission { private String resourceIdentify; private int permissionBit; private String instanceId; public BitPermission(String permissionString) { String[] array = permissionString.split("\\+"); if (array.length > 1) { resourceIdentify = array[1]; } if (resourceIdentify == null || resourceIdentify.equals("")) { resourceIdentify = "*"; } if (array.length > 2) { permissionBit = Integer.valueOf(array[2]); } if (array.length > 3) { instanceId = array[3]; } if (instanceId == null || resourceIdentify.equals("")) { instanceId = "*"; } } public boolean implies(Permission p) { if (!(p instanceof BitPermission)) { return false; } BitPermission other = (BitPermission) p; if (!("*".equals(this.resourceIdentify) || this.resourceIdentify.equals(other.resourceIdentify))) { return false; } if (!(this.permissionBit == 0 || (this.permissionBit & other.permissionBit) != 0)) { return false; } if (!("*".equals(this.instanceId) || this.instanceId.equals(other.instanceId))) { return false; } return true; } }
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BitPermission用于实现位移方式的权限,如规则是:
权限字符串格式:+资源字符串+权限位+实例ID;以+开头中间通过+分割;权限:0 表示所有权限;1 新增(二进制:0001)、2 修改(二进制:0010)、4 删除(二进制:0100)、8 查看(二进制:1000);如 +user+10 表示对资源user拥有修改/查看权限。
- Permission接口提供了boolean implies(Permission p)方法用于判断权限匹配的.
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MyRolePermissionResolver.java:RolePermissionResolver用于根据角色字符串来解析得到权限集合
public class MyRolePermissionResolver implements RolePermissionResolver { public Collection<Permission> resolvePermissionsInRole(String roleString) { if("role1".equals(roleString)) { return Arrays.asList((Permission)new WildcardPermission("menu:*")); } return null; } }
- 自定义Realm.java
public class MyRealm1 extends AuthorizingRealm{ /** * 判断授权的 */ @Override protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) { SimpleAuthorizationInfo authorizationInfo = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo(); authorizationInfo.addRole("role1"); authorizationInfo.addRole("role2"); authorizationInfo.addObjectPermission(new BitPermission("+user1+10")); authorizationInfo.addObjectPermission(new WildcardPermission("user1:*")); authorizationInfo.addStringPermission("+user2+10"); authorizationInfo.addStringPermission("user2:*"); return authorizationInfo; } /** * 判断认证的 */ @Override protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException { String userName=token.getPrincipal().toString(); String passWord=new String((char[])token.getCredentials()); if(!userName.equals("zhang")) throw new UnknownAccountException("Realm1 用户名错误"); if(!passWord.equals("123")) throw new IncorrectCredentialsException("Realm1 密码错误"); return new SimpleAccount(userName, passWord, getName()); } }
- 此次还要注意就是不能把我们自定义的如“+user1+10”配置到INI配置文件,即使有IniRealm完成,因为IniRealm在new完成后就会解析这些权限字符串,默认使用了WildcardPermissionResolver完成,即此处是一个设计权限,如果采用生命周期(如使用初始化方法)的方式进行加载就可以解决我们自定义permissionResolver的问题。
public class TestMain { public static void main(String[] args) { SecurityManager securityManager=new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini").getInstance(); SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager); Subject subject=SecurityUtils.getSubject(); subject.login(new UsernamePasswordToken("zhang", "123")); //通过二进制位的方式表示权限 System.out.println(subject.isPermitted("+user1+2"));//新增权限 System.out.println(subject.isPermitted("+user1+8"));//查看权限 System.out.println(subject.isPermitted("+user2+10"));//新增及查看 System.out.println(subject.isPermitted("+user1+4"));//没有删除权限 System.out.println(subject.isPermitted("menu:view"));//通过MyRolePermissionResolver解析得到的权限 } }
- 流程如下:
1、首先调用Subject.isPermitted*/hasRole*接口,其会委托给SecurityManager,而SecurityManager接着会委托给Authorizer;
2、Authorizer是真正的授权者,如果我们调用如isPermitted(“user:view”),其首先会通过PermissionResolver把字符串转换成相应的Permission实例;
3、在进行授权之前,其会调用相应的Realm获取Subject相应的角色/权限用于匹配传入的角色/权限;
4、Authorizer会判断Realm的角色/权限是否和传入的匹配,如果有多个Realm,会委托给ModularRealmAuthorizer进行循环判断,如果匹配如isPermitted*/hasRole*会返回true,否则返回false表示授权失败。
本例中的流程大概是:
1.System.out.println(subject.isPermitted("+user1+2"));
2.BitAndWildPermissionResolver把字符串转换成相应的Permission实例(调用BitPermission的构造方法,参数为"+user1+2",解析该参数并封装到BitPermission的成员变量中,即将该参数转为BitPermission实例)
3.MyRealm1中的doGetAuthorizationInfo方法获取Subject相应的角色/权限用于匹配传入的角色/权限