二进制部署 Prometheus+Alertmanager+Grafana

从官网手动安装

• Prometheus 采集、存储数据
• Grafana 用于图表展示
• alertmanager 用于接收 Prometheus 发送的告警信息
• node-exporter 用于收集操作系统和硬件信息的metrics

二进制部署

#切换到root用户
sudo -i
#创建一个专门的 prometheus 用户：
useradd -M -s /usr/sbin/nologin prometheus
#更改 prometheus 用户的文件夹权限：
chown prometheus:prometheus -R /opt/prometheus
#下载prometheus二进制压缩包
wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.37.6/prometheus-
2.37.6.linux-amd64.tar.gz
#解压
tar xf prometheus-2.37.6.linux-amd64.tar.gz
#查看解压后的文件名
ls -l
mkdir /opt/prometheus -p
#移动解压后的文件名到/opt/，并改名prometheus
mv prometheus-2.37.6.linux-amd64/ /opt/prometheus/prometheus
#创建 systemd 服务
cat > /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Prometheus Server
Documentation=https://prometheus.io/docs/introduction/overview/
After=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=simple
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus
Restart=on-failure
ExecStart=/opt/prometheus/prometheus/prometheus \
--config.file=/opt/prometheus/prometheus/prometheus.yml \
--storage.tsdb.path=/opt/prometheus/prometheus/data \
--storage.tsdb.retention.time=60d \
--web.enable-lifecycle
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

配置参数解释:
通过 /opt/prometheus/prometheus -h 查看帮助详情

--config.file=/opt/prometheus/prometheus/prometheus.yml #主配置文件
--storage.tsdb.path=/opt/prometheus/prometheus/data #数据库存储目
录
--web.console.libraries=/opt/prometheus/prometheus/console_libraries #指定控制台库
目录路径
--web.console.templates=/opt/prometheus/prometheus/consoles #指定控制台模
版目录路径
--storage.tsdb.retention=60d #指明数据保留
天数，默认15天
--web.enable-lifecycle #热加载

启动 Prometheus

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start prometheus.service
systemctl enable prometheus.service
systemctl status prometheus.service

查看 Prometheus 的日志以进行故障排除：

journalctl -u prometheus.service -f

应用	访问地址	备注
prometheus	http://192.168.61.30:9090	无用户和密

安装alertmanager

下载alertmanager二进制压缩包
wget
https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager/releases/download/v0.25.0/alertmanager-
0.25.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
#解压
tar xf alertmanager-0.25.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
#查看解压后的文件名
ls -l
#移动解压后的文件名到/opt/，并改名为alertmanager
mv alertmanager-0.25.0.linux-amd64 /opt/prometheus/alertmanager

更改 alertmanager 文件夹权限：

chown prometheus:prometheus -R /opt/prometheus/alertmanager

创建 systemd 服务

cat >/etc/systemd/system/alertmanager.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Alert Manager
Wants=network-online.target
After=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=simple
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus
ExecStart=/opt/prometheus/alertmanager/alertmanager \
--config.file=/opt/prometheus/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml \
--storage.path=/opt/prometheus/alertmanager/data
Restart=always
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

启动 alertmanager

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start alertmanager.service
systemctl enable alertmanager.service
systemctl status alertmanager.service

修改prometheus配置
加入alertmanager

vim /opt/prometheus/prometheus/prometheus.yml
alerting:
alertmanagers:
- static_configs:
- targets:
#根据实际填写alertmanager的地址
- localhost:9093
应用 访问地址 备注
alertmanager http://192.168.11.61:9093 无用户和密码
增加触发器配置文件
检查配置
重启prometheus或重新加载配置文件（二选一）
访问地址
检查
rule_files:
#根据实际名修改文件名
- "alert.yml"
# 搜刮配置
scrape_configs:
- job_name: 'alertmanager'
scrape_interval: 15s
static_configs:
- targets: ['alertmanager:9093']

增加触发器配置文件

cat > /opt/prometheus/prometheus/alert.yml <<"EOF"
groups:
- name: Prometheus alert
rules:
# 对任何实例超过30秒无法联系的情况发出警报
- alert: 服务告警
expr: up == 0
for: 30s
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
summary: "服务异常,实例:{{ $labels.instance }}"
description: "{{ $labels.job }} 服务已关闭"
EOF

检查配置
cd /opt/prometheus/prometheus/
./promtool check config prometheus.yml
重启prometheus或重新加载配置文件（二选一）

#重启
systemctl restart prometheus
或：
#重载，需要--web.enable-lifecycle配置
curl -X POST http://localhost:9090/-/reload

应用	访问地址	备注
alertmanager	http://192.168.61.30:9093	无用户和密

二进制安装grafana

cd ~
wget https://dl.grafana.com/enterprise/release/grafana-enterprise-9.4.3.linuxamd64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf grafana-enterprise-9.4.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
ls -l
mv grafana-9.4.3/ /opt/prometheus/grafana

更改 grafana 文件夹权限：

chown prometheus:prometheus -R /opt/prometheus

创建 systemd 服务

cat >/etc/systemd/system/grafana-server.service<<"EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Grafana server
Documentation=http://docs.grafana.org
[Service]
Type=simple
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus
Restart=on-failure
ExecStart=/opt/prometheus/grafana/bin/grafana-server \
--config=/opt/prometheus/grafana/conf/defaults.ini \
--homepath=/opt/prometheus/grafana
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start grafana-server.service
systemctl enable grafana-server.service
systemctl status grafana-server.service

检查日志

journalctl -u grafana-server.service -f

web访问地址

应用	访问地址	备注
grafana	192.168.61.30:3000	admin/admin

安装node_exporter

wget
https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.5.0/node_exporter-
1.5.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xvf node_exporter-1.5.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
ls -l
mv node_exporter-1.5.0.linux-amd64 /opt/prometheus/node_exporter

更改 node_exporter 文件夹权限：

chown prometheus:prometheus -R /opt/prometheus/node_exporter

创建 systemd 服务

cat > /etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service <<"EOF"
[Unit]
Description=node_exporter
Documentation=https://prometheus.io/
After=network.target
[Service]
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus
ExecStart=/opt/prometheus/node_exporter/node_exporter
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

启动 node_exporter

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start node_exporter.service
systemctl enable node_exporter.service
systemctl status node_exporter.service

检查日志

journalctl -u node_exporter.service -f

web访问地址

应用	访问地址	备注
node-exporter	http://192.168.61.30:9100/metrics	无用户和密码

修改prometheus配置
prometheus服务器操作

cat >> /opt/prometheus/prometheus/prometheus.yml <<"EOF"
# 再scrape_configs这行下面添加如下配置：
#node-exporter配置
- job_name: 'node-exporter'
scrape_interval: 15s
static_configs:
- targets: ['localhost:9100']
labels:
instance: Prometheus服务器
EOF

重载prometheus

curl -X POST http://localhost:9090/-/reload

Prometheus web上检查
http://192.168.61.30:9090/

https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/

快速部署

cd /opt
git clone https://gitee.com/linge365/prometheus.git
cd prometheus
#移动systemd 服务到/etc/systemd/system/目录下
mv *.service /etc/systemd/system/
#检查
ls -l /etc/systemd/system/
useradd -M -s /usr/sbin/nologin prometheus
chown prometheus:prometheus -R /opt/prometheus
systemctl daemon-reload
#启动服务
systemctl start prometheus.service
systemctl start grafana-server.service
systemctl start node_exporter.service
systemctl start alertmanager.service
#开机启动
systemctl enable prometheus.service
systemctl enable grafana-server.service
systemctl enable node_exporter.service
systemctl enable alertmanager.service
#检查
systemctl status node_exporter.service
systemctl status prometheus.service
systemctl status grafana-server.service
systemctl status alertmanager.service