学生管理系统

0.项目流程

（1）需求分析

（2）系统设计

（3）系统开发必备

（4）主函数设计

（5）学生信息维护模块设计

（6）查询/统计模块设计

（7）排序模块设计

（8）项目打包

1.需求分析

学生管理系统应该具备的功能
（1）添加学生及成绩信息；
（2）将学生信息保存到文件中；
（3）修改和删除学生信息；
（4）查询学生信息；
（5）根据学生成绩进行排序；
（6）统计学生的总分；

2.系统设计

2.1系统功能结构

学生信息管理系统的七大模块

（1）录入学生信息模块

（2）查找学生信息模块

（3）删除学生信息模块

（4）修改学生信息模块

（5）学生成绩排名模块

（6）统计学生总人数模块

（7）显示学生信息模块

 

 

2.2 系统业务流程

 

 

3.系统开发必备

3.1 系统开发环境

  • 操作系统Win10
  • Python 解释器版本：Python 3.7
  • 开发工具：PyCharm
  • Python 内置模块：os,re

3.2 项目目录结构

4.主函数设计

4.1 系统主界面运行效果图

 

4.2 主函数的业务流程

4.3 实现主函数

 

 主程序代码v1.0

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def main():
    while True:
        menum()
        choice = int(input('请选择:'))
        if choice in [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]:
            if choice == 0:
                answer = input('您确定退出系统吗？y/n')
                if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y':
                    print('谢谢您的使用！！！')
                    break
                else:
                    continue
            elif choice == 1:
                insert()
            elif choice == 2:
                search()
            elif choice == 3:
                delete()
            elif choice == 4:
                modify()
            elif choice == 5:
                sort()
            elif choice == 6:
                total()
            elif choice == 7:
                show()
 
 
# 菜单函数
def menum():
    print('=====================学生信息管理系统=====================')
    print('---------------------功能菜单----------------------------')
    print('\t\t\t\t\t1.录入学生信息')
    print('\t\t\t\t\t2.查找学生信息')
    print('\t\t\t\t\t3.删除学生信息')
    print('\t\t\t\t\t4.修改学生信息')
    print('\t\t\t\t\t5.排序')
    print('\t\t\t\t\t6.统计学生总人数')
    print('\t\t\t\t\t7.显示所以学生信息')
    print('\t\t\t\t\t0.退出系统')
    print('--------------------------------------------------------')
 
 
def insert():
    pass
 
 
def search():
    pass
 
 
def delete():
    pass
 
 
def modify():
    pass
 
 
def sort():
    pass
 
 
def total():
    pass
 
 
def show():
    pass
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

　　

5.学生信息维护模块设计

5.1 录入学生信息功能

业务流程

 

 具体实现

  • save（student）函数，用于将学生信息保存到文件；
  • insert（），用于录入学生信息

 

代码

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def insert():
    student_list = []
    while True:
        id = input('请输入ID(如1001):')
        if not id:
            break
        name = input('请输入姓名:')
        if not name:
            break
        try:
            englist = int(input('请输入英语成绩:'))
            python = int(input('请输入python成绩:'))
            java = int(input('请输入java成绩:'))
        except:
            print('输入无效，请重新输入')
            continue
        # 将录入的信息，保存到字典中
        student = {
            'id': id,
            'name': name,
            'english': englist,
            'python': python,
            'java': java,
        }
        # 将学生信息添加到列表中
        student_list.append(student)
        answer = input('是否继续添加？y/n\n')
        if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y':
            continue
        else:
            break
 
    # 保存学生信息
    save(student_list)
    print('学生信息录入完毕！！！')
 
 
def save(lst):
    try:
        stu_txt = open(filename, 'a', encoding='utf-8')
    except:
        stu_txt = open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8')
    for item in lst:
        stu_txt.write(str(item) + '\n')
    stu_txt.close()

　　

5.2 删除学生信息功能

业务流程

 

 具体实现

  • 编写函数delete（），删除学生信息
  • 调用show（），显示学生信息

代码实现

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def delete():
    while True:
        student_id = input('请输入要删除的学生ID:')
        if student_id != '':
            if os.path.exists(filename):
                with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
                    student_old = file.readlines()
            else:
                student_old = []
            flag = False
            if student_old:
                with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as wfile:
                    d = {}
                    for item in student_old:
                        d = dict(eval(item))  # 将字符串转换为字典
                        if d['id'] != student_id:  # 除了需要删除的，都写进去
                            wfile.write(str(d) + '\n')
                        else:
                            flag = True
                    if flag:
                        print(f'id为{student_id}的学生信息已被删除')
                    else:
                        print(f'没有找到ID为{student_id}的学生信息')
            else:
                print('无学生信息')
                break
            show()  # 删除后，要重新显示所有学生信息
            answer = input('是否继续删除？y/n \n')
            if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y':
                continue
            else:
                break

5.3 修改学生信息功能

业务流程

　　

 具体实现

  • 编写主函数中修改学生信息函数modify（）
  • 调用show（），显示学生信息

代码实现

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def modify():
    show()
    if os.path.exists(filename):
        with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
            student_old = rfile.readlines()
    else:
        return
    student_id = input('请输入要修改的学员ID:')
    with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as wfile:
        for item in student_old:
            d = dict(eval(item))
            if d['id'] == student_id:
                print(f'找到学号为{student_id}的学生信息，可以进行修改')
                while True:
                    try:
                        d['name'] = input('请输入姓名：')
                        d['english'] = input('请输入英语成绩：')
                        d['Python'] = input('请输入Python成绩：')
                        d['java'] = input('请输入Java成绩：')
                    except:
                        print('您的输入有误，请重新输入！！！')
                    else:
                        break
                wfile.write(str(d) + '\n')
                print('修改成功！！！')
            else:
                wfile.write(str(d) + '\n')
        answer = input('是否继续修改？y/n \n')
        if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y':
            modify()

　　

6.查询/统计模块

6.1 查找学生信息功能

业务流程

 

 

 具体实现

  • 编写主函数中修改学生信息函数search（）
  • 定义显示查询结果函数show_student（query_student）

代码实现

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def search():
    student_query = []
    while True:
        id = ''
        name = ''
        if os.path.exists(filename):
            mode = input('按ID查找请输入1，按姓名查找请输入2：')
            if mode == '1':
                id = input('请输入学生ID：')
            elif mode == '2':
                name = input('请输入学生姓名：')
            else:
                print('输入有误，请重新输入')
                search()
            with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
                student = rfile.readlines()
                for item in student:
                    d = dict(eval(item))
                if id != '':
                    if d['id'] == id:
                        student_query.append(d)
                elif name != '':
                    if d['name'] == name:
                        student_query.append(d)
            show_student(student_query)
            student_query.clear()
            answer = input('是否继续查询？y/n\n')
            if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y':
                continue
            else:
                break
        else:
            print('暂未保存学生信息')
            return
 
 
def show_student(lst):
    if len(lst) == 0:
        print('没有查询到学生信息，无数据显示')
        return
    # 定义显示格式
    format_title = '{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}'
    print(format_title.format('ID', '姓名', '英语成绩', 'python成绩', 'Java成绩', '总成绩'))
    # 内容的显示格式
    format_data = '{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}'
    for item in lst:
        print(format_data.format(
            item.get('id'),
            item.get('name'),
            item.get('english'),
            item.get('python'),
            item.get('java'),
            int(item.get('english')) + int(item.get('python')) + int(item.get('java')),
        ))

　

6.1 统计学生总人数功能

业务流程

 

 

 

 

具体实现

  • 编写函数total ()

代码实现

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def total():
    if os.path.exists(filename):
        with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
            students = rfile.readlines()
            if students:
                print(f'一共有{len(students)}名学生')
            else:
                print('还没有录入学生信息')
    else:
        print('暂未保存数据信息')

　　

6.2 显示所以学生信息功能

业务流程

 

具体实现

  • 编写查询学生信息函数show（）

代码实现

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def show():
    student_lst = []
    if os.path.exists(filename):
        with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
            students = rfile.readlines()
            for item in students:
                student_lst.append(dict(eval(item)))
            if student_lst:
                show_student(student_lst)

　

7.排序模块

业务流程

 

 

代码实现

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def sort():
    show()
    if os.path.exists(filename):
        with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
            student_list = rfile.readlines()
        student_new = []
        for item in student_list:
            d = dict(eval(item))
            student_new.append(d)
    else:
        return
    asc_or_desc = input('请选择（0.升序 1.降序）:')
    if asc_or_desc == '0':
        asc_or_desc = False
    elif asc_or_desc == '1':
        asc_or_desc = True
    else:
        print('输入有误，请重新输入')
        sort()
    mode = input('请选择排序方式：（1.按英语成绩排序 2.按照python成绩排序 3.按照Java成绩排序 0.按照总成绩排序）:')
    if mode == '1':
        student_new.sort(key=lambda student_new: int(student_new['english']), reverse=asc_or_desc)
    elif mode == '2':
        student_new.sort(key=lambda student_new: int(student_new['python']), reverse=asc_or_desc)
    elif mode == '3':
        student_new.sort(key=lambda student_new: int(student_new['java']), reverse=asc_or_desc)
    elif mode == '4':
        student_new.sort(
            key=lambda student_new: int(student_new['english']) + int(student_new['java']) + int(student_new['python']),
            reverse=asc_or_desc)
    else:
        print('您的输入有误，请重新输入')
        sort()
    show_student(student_new)

　　

　

8 项目打包

8.1 整体代码

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import os
 
filename = 'students.txt'
 
 
def main():
    while True:
        menum()
        choice = int(input('请选择:'))
        if choice in [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]:
            if choice == 0:
                answer = input('您确定退出系统吗？y/n')
                if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y':
                    print('谢谢您的使用！！！')
                    break
                else:
                    continue
            elif choice == 1:
                insert()
            elif choice == 2:
                search()
            elif choice == 3:
                delete()
            elif choice == 4:
                modify()
            elif choice == 5:
                sort()
            elif choice == 6:
                total()
            elif choice == 7:
                show()
 
 
# 菜单函数
def menum():
    print('=====================学生信息管理系统=====================')
    print('---------------------功能菜单----------------------------')
    print('\t\t\t\t\t1.录入学生信息')
    print('\t\t\t\t\t2.查找学生信息')
    print('\t\t\t\t\t3.删除学生信息')
    print('\t\t\t\t\t4.修改学生信息')
    print('\t\t\t\t\t5.排序')
    print('\t\t\t\t\t6.统计学生总人数')
    print('\t\t\t\t\t7.显示所以学生信息')
    print('\t\t\t\t\t0.退出系统')
    print('--------------------------------------------------------')
 
 
def insert():
    student_list = []
    while True:
        id = input('请输入ID(如1001):')
        if not id:
            break
        name = input('请输入姓名:')
        if not name:
            break
        try:
            englist = int(input('请输入英语成绩:'))
            python = int(input('请输入python成绩:'))
            java = int(input('请输入java成绩:'))
        except:
            print('输入无效，请重新输入')
            continue
        # 将录入的信息，保存到字典中
        student = {
            'id': id,
            'name': name,
            'english': englist,
            'python': python,
            'java': java,
        }
        # 将学生信息添加到列表中
        student_list.append(student)
        answer = input('是否继续添加？y/n\n')
        if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y':
            continue
        else:
            break
 
    # 保存学生信息
    save(student_list)
    print('学生信息录入完毕！！！')
 
 
def save(lst):
    try:
        stu_txt = open(filename, 'a', encoding='utf-8')
    except:
        stu_txt = open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8')
    for item in lst:
        stu_txt.write(str(item) + '\n')
    stu_txt.close()
 
 
def search():
    student_query = []
    while True:
        id = ''
        name = ''
        if os.path.exists(filename):
            mode = input('按ID查找请输入1，按姓名查找请输入2：')
            if mode == '1':
                id = input('请输入学生ID：')
            elif mode == '2':
                name = input('请输入学生姓名：')
            else:
                print('输入有误，请重新输入')
                search()
            with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
                student = rfile.readlines()
                for item in student:
                    d = dict(eval(item))
                if id != '':
                    if d['id'] == id:
                        student_query.append(d)
                elif name != '':
                    if d['name'] == name:
                        student_query.append(d)
            show_student(student_query)
            student_query.clear()
            answer = input('是否继续查询？y/n\n')
            if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y':
                continue
            else:
                break
        else:
            print('暂未保存学生信息')
            return
 
 
def show_student(lst):
    if len(lst) == 0:
        print('没有查询到学生信息，无数据显示')
        return
    # 定义显示格式
    format_title = '{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}'
    print(format_title.format('ID', '姓名', '英语成绩', 'python成绩', 'Java成绩', '总成绩'))
    # 内容的显示格式
    format_data = '{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}'
    for item in lst:
        print(format_data.format(
            item.get('id'),
            item.get('name'),
            item.get('english'),
            item.get('python'),
            item.get('java'),
            int(item.get('english')) + int(item.get('python')) + int(item.get('java')),
        ))
 
 
def delete():
    while True:
        student_id = input('请输入要删除的学生ID:')
        if student_id != '':
            if os.path.exists(filename):
                with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
                    student_old = file.readlines()
            else:
                student_old = []
            flag = False
            if student_old:
                with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as wfile:
                    d = {}
                    for item in student_old:
                        d = dict(eval(item))  # 将字符串转换为字典
                        if d['id'] != student_id:  # 除了需要删除的，都写进去
                            wfile.write(str(d) + '\n')
                        else:
                            flag = True
                    if flag:
                        print(f'id为{student_id}的学生信息已被删除')
                    else:
                        print(f'没有找到ID为{student_id}的学生信息')
            else:
                print('无学生信息')
                break
            show()  # 删除后，要重新显示所有学生信息
            answer = input('是否继续删除？y/n \n')
            if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y':
                continue
            else:
                break
 
 
def modify():
    show()
    if os.path.exists(filename):
        with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
            student_old = rfile.readlines()
    else:
        return
    student_id = input('请输入要修改的学员ID:')
    with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as wfile:
        for item in student_old:
            d = dict(eval(item))
            if d['id'] == student_id:
                print(f'找到学号为{student_id}的学生信息，可以进行修改')
                while True:
                    try:
                        d['name'] = input('请输入姓名：')
                        d['english'] = input('请输入英语成绩：')
                        d['Python'] = input('请输入Python成绩：')
                        d['java'] = input('请输入Java成绩：')
                    except:
                        print('您的输入有误，请重新输入！！！')
                    else:
                        break
                wfile.write(str(d) + '\n')
                print('修改成功！！！')
            else:
                wfile.write(str(d) + '\n')
        answer = input('是否继续修改？y/n \n')
        if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y':
            modify()
 
 
def sort():
    show()
    if os.path.exists(filename):
        with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
            student_list = rfile.readlines()
        student_new = []
        for item in student_list:
            d = dict(eval(item))
            student_new.append(d)
    else:
        return
    asc_or_desc = input('请选择（0.升序 1.降序）:')
    if asc_or_desc == '0':
        asc_or_desc = False
    elif asc_or_desc == '1':
        asc_or_desc = True
    else:
        print('输入有误，请重新输入')
        sort()
    mode = input('请选择排序方式：（1.按英语成绩排序 2.按照python成绩排序 3.按照Java成绩排序 0.按照总成绩排序）:')
    if mode == '1':
        student_new.sort(key=lambda student_new: int(student_new['english']), reverse=asc_or_desc)
    elif mode == '2':
        student_new.sort(key=lambda student_new: int(student_new['python']), reverse=asc_or_desc)
    elif mode == '3':
        student_new.sort(key=lambda student_new: int(student_new['java']), reverse=asc_or_desc)
    elif mode == '4':
        student_new.sort(
            key=lambda student_new: int(student_new['english']) + int(student_new['java']) + int(student_new['python']),
            reverse=asc_or_desc)
    else:
        print('您的输入有误，请重新输入')
        sort()
    show_student(student_new)
 
 
def total():
    if os.path.exists(filename):
        with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
            students = rfile.readlines()
            if students:
                print(f'一共有{len(students)}名学生')
            else:
                print('还没有录入学生信息')
    else:
        print('暂未保存数据信息')
 
 
def show():
    student_lst = []
    if os.path.exists(filename):
        with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
            students = rfile.readlines()
            for item in students:
                student_lst.append(eval(item))
            if student_lst:
                show_student(student_lst)
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

　　

8.2 项目打包

  • 安装第三方模块：pip install PyInstaller

打包后生成的文件

 

 

 

运行效果（有点丑）

 

posted @   水墨黑  阅读(650)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报
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