<GUI>Tkinter

1.初识Tkinter(python的图形化界面)

关键字：pack，command，bg，fg

import tkinter as tk


class APP:
    def __init__(self, master):
        frame = tk.Frame(master)
        frame.pack(side=tk.BOTTOM, padx=15, pady=15)  # 自动调整位置 LEFT/TOP/RIGHT/BOTTOM
        self.hi_there = tk.Button(frame, text="打招呼", fg='white', bg='red', command=self.say_hi)  # 前景色fg,背景色bg
        self.hi_there.pack()

    def say_hi(self):
        print("hi hello!!!")


root = tk.Tk()

app = APP(root)  # 实例化

root.mainloop()

结果

 

2.lable和Button

关键字：显示图片，文字换行，左对齐，文字图片同一行

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

textlable = Label(root,
                  text="第二个DEMO\n这里是第二行",
                  justify=LEFT,  # 左对齐
                  padx=10,
                  bg='blue',
                  fg='white')
textlable.pack(side=LEFT)
photo = PhotoImage(file='1.gif')

imgLable = Label(root, image=photo)
imgLable.pack(side=RIGHT)

mainloop()

结果：

 

 ========================================================================================

关键字：图片背景，文字在图片上显示

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
photo = PhotoImage(file='1.gif')
thelable = Label(root,
                  text="第三个DEMO\n这里是第二行",
                  justify=LEFT,  # 左对齐
                  image=photo,
                 compound=CENTER, # 文字在图片正上方显示
                 font=("宋体",20),
                 fg="black")
thelable.pack()


mainloop()

结果

======================================================================================================

from tkinter import *


def callback():
    var.set("金甲战士，张益达参见！")

root = Tk()
frame1 = Frame(root)
frame2 = Frame(root)

var = StringVar()
var.set("第四个DEMO\n这里是第二行\n没错，第三行")

photo = PhotoImage(file='1.gif')
thelable = Label(frame1,
                 textvariable=var,
                 justify=LEFT,  # 左对齐
                 image=photo,
                 compound=CENTER,  # 文字在图片正上方显示
                 font=("宋体", 20),
                 fg="black")
thelable.pack()

thebutton = Button(frame2, text="斯内克，变身！", command=callback)

thebutton.pack()
frame1.pack()
frame2.pack()

mainloop()

结果：

3.Checkbutton、Radiobutton和LabelFrame

 选择按钮

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

v = IntVar()

c = Checkbutton(root, text="测试一下", variable=v)
c.pack()

l = Label(root, textvariable=v)
l.pack()
mainloop()　

结果：

===============================================================================================================

 翻牌子程序

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

GIRLS = ["妮可", "雅典娜", "小滴", "晴子", "天使彦"]
v = []

for girl in GIRLS:
    v.append(IntVar())
    b = Checkbutton(root, text=girl, variabl=v[-1])
    b.pack(anchor=W)  # 地理上的W 西边

mainloop()

结果：

 

 =================================================================================================================================

单选框(基础版)

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

v = IntVar()

Radiobutton(root, text="one", variable=v, value=1).pack(anchor=W)
Radiobutton(root, text="twp", variable=v, value=2).pack(anchor=W)
Radiobutton(root, text="three", variable=v, value=3).pack(anchor=W)
Radiobutton(root, text="four", variable=v, value=4).pack(anchor=W)
Radiobutton(root, text="five", variable=v, value=5).pack(anchor=W)



mainloop()

结果：

 ==========================================================================

单选框（使用循环）

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

LANGS = [("python",1),
    ("perl",2),
    ("Ruby",3),
    ("java",4)]

v = IntVar()
v.set(1)

for lang,num in LANGS:
    b = Radiobutton(root,text=lang,variable=v,value=num)
    b.pack(anchor=W)

mainloop()

结果：

======================================================================

 

单选框（去圆点）

 

 

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

LANGS = [("python", 1),
         ("perl", 2),
         ("Ruby", 3),
         ("java", 4)]

v = IntVar()
v.set(1)

for lang, num in LANGS:
    b = Radiobutton(root, text=lang, variable=v, value=num, indicatoron=False)
    b.pack(fill=X)  # 横向填充，Y为纵向填充

mainloop()

 

结果：

 

 ========================================================================================

使用labelFrame分组

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

group = LabelFrame(root, text="最好的编程语言是？", padx=5, pady=5)
group.pack(padx=10, pady=10)

LANGS = [("python", 1),
         ("perl", 2),
         ("Ruby", 3),
         ("java", 4)]

v = IntVar()
v.set(1)

for lang, num in LANGS:
    b = Radiobutton(group, text=lang, variable=v, value=num, indicatoron=False)
    b.pack(fill=X)  # 横向填充，Y为纵向填充

mainloop()

结果：

 

 ========================================================

简单在修改后

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

group = LabelFrame(root, text="最好的编程语言是？", padx=5, pady=5)
group.pack(padx=10, pady=10)

LANGS = [("python", 1),
         ("perl", 2),
         ("Ruby", 3),
         ("java", 4)]

v = IntVar()
v.set(1)

for lang, num in LANGS:
    b = Radiobutton(group, text=lang, variable=v, value=num)
    b.pack(anchor=W)

mainloop()

结果：

4.Entry输入框

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

Label(root, text="作品：").grid(row=0, column=0)
Label(root, text="作者：").grid(row=1, column=0)

e1 = Entry(root)
e2 = Entry(root)
e1.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=10, pady=5)
e2.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=10, pady=5)


def show():
    print("作品：《%s》" % e1.get())  # 获取输入框的内容
    print("作者：《%s》" % e2.get())  # 获取输入框的内容
    pass


Button(root, text="获取信息", width=10, command=show) \
    .grid(row=3, column=0, sticky=W, padx=10, pady=5)
Button(root, text="退出", width=10, command=root.quit) \
    .grid(row=3, column=1, sticky=E, padx=10, pady=5)

mainloop()

结果：

 

 

 ==================================================================================

账号密码输入框

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

Label(root, text="账号：").grid(row=0, column=0)
Label(root, text="密码：").grid(row=1, column=0)

v1 = StringVar()  # 存放账号在变量
v2 = StringVar()  # 存放密码在变量

e1 = Entry(root, textvariable=v1)
e2 = Entry(root, textvariable=v2,show="*")
e1.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=10, pady=5)
e2.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=10, pady=5)


def show():
    print("账号：《%s》" % e1.get())  # 获取输入框的内容
    print("密码：《%s》" % e2.get())  # 获取输入框的内容
    pass


Button(root, text="登录", width=10, command=show) \
    .grid(row=3, column=0, sticky=W, padx=10, pady=5)
Button(root, text="退出", width=10, command=root.quit) \
    .grid(row=3, column=1, sticky=E, padx=10, pady=5)

mainloop()

结果：

 

 =========================================================

焦点移出的时候验证

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()


def test():
    if e1.get() == "西游记":
        print("正确")
        return True
    else:
        print("错误")
        e1.delete(0, END)  # 清空输入框
        return False


v1 = StringVar()

e1 = Entry(root, textvariable=v1, validate="focusout", validatecommand=test)
e2 = Entry(root)
e1.grid(padx=10, pady=5)
e2.grid(padx=10, pady=5)


def show():
    print("账号：《%s》" % e1.get())  # 获取输入框的内容
    print("密码：《%s》" % e2.get())  # 获取输入框的内容
    pass


Button(root, text="登录", width=10, command=show) \
    .grid(row=3, column=0, sticky=W, padx=10, pady=5)
Button(root, text="退出", width=10, command=root.quit) \
    .grid(row=3, column=1, sticky=E, padx=10, pady=5)

mainloop()

结果：

5.Listbox、Scrollbar

删除选定在元素

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

theLB = Listbox(root)
theLB.pack()

# theLB.insert(0, "猪")
# theLB.insert(END, "猪2")
for item in ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5"]:
    theLB.insert(END, item)

theButton = Button(root, text="删除", command=lambda x=theLB: x.delete(ACTIVE))  # 传参数
theButton.pack()

mainloop()　

结果：

 

 ===================================================

滚动条

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

# 滚动条
sb = Scrollbar(root)
sb.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)  # 靠右边，Y轴填充

lb = Listbox(root, yscrollcommand=sb.set)   #里面滚动，调用set方法

for item in range(1000):
    lb.insert(END, item)

lb.pack(side=LEFT, fill=BOTH)
sb.config(command=lb.yview)  # 滚动条滚动后的显示效果

mainloop()

结果：

 

 

 ==================================================================

获取显示进度条位置

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

s1 = Scale(root, from_=0, to=100)
s1.pack()
s2 = Scale(root, from_=0, to=100, orient=HORIZONTAL)
s2.pack()  # 水平


def show():
    print(s1.get(), s2.get())


Button(root, text="获取位置", command=show).pack()

mainloop()

结果：

6.Text、mark、Tags

可以插入文本、按钮、图片

 

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

text = Text(root, width=90, height=30)
text.pack()

photo = PhotoImage(file="001.gif")


def show():
    # 插入图片
    text.image_create(END, image=photo)


# 插入文本
text.insert(INSERT, "女儿国\n")
text.insert(END, "波雅汉库克\n")
# 插入按钮
b1 = Button(text, text="点我", command=show)
text.window_create(INSERT, window=b1)

mainloop()

结果

================================================================================

索引

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

text = Text(root, width=20, height=6)
text.pack()

# 插入文本
text.insert(INSERT, "女儿国国王\n")
text.insert(END, "波雅汉库克\n")
# 设置标记，在标记位置插入
text.mark_set("here", 2.0)  # 2行1列
text.insert("here", "九蛇岛岛主\n")
# mark标记的偏向（标记左边字符），默认记住标记右边一个字符
# text.mark_gravity("here",LEFT)

mainloop()

结果：

 

 

 =================================================================

 tag标签修改

from tkinter import *
# 用于打开网页
import webbrowser

root = Tk()

text = Text(root, width=20, height=6)
text.pack()

# 插入文本
text.insert(INSERT, "女儿国国王!!!\n")
text.insert(END, "波雅汉库克\n")
# 设置tags_add设置位置，tag_config设置前景色和背景色
text.tag_add("tag1", 1.0, 1.5, 1.7)  # 1行1-7,1.9
text.tag_config("tag1", background="yellow", foreground="red")


# 绑定事件
def show_hand_cursor(event):
    text.config(cursor="arrow")


def show_xterm_cursor(event):
    text.config(cursor="xterm")


def click(event):
    webbrowser.open(
        "https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B3%A2%E9%9B%85%C2%B7%E6%B1%89%E5%BA%93%E5%85%8B/6305958?fr=aladdin")


text.tag_add("link", 2.0, 2.5)
text.tag_config("link", foreground="blue", underline=True)

# 鼠标移入和离开
text.tag_bind("link", "<Enter>", show_hand_cursor)
text.tag_bind("link", "<Leave>", show_xterm_cursor)
# 鼠标点击事件
text.tag_bind("link", "<Button-1>", click)

mainloop()

结果：

 

 =====================================================

验证前后文本的MD5

from tkinter import *
import hashlib

root = Tk()

text = Text(root, width=20, height=6)
text.pack()

# 插入文本
text.insert(INSERT, "女儿国国王!!!\n")
text.insert(END, "波雅汉库克\n")

contents = text.get("1.0", END)


def getsig(contents):
    m = hashlib.md5(contents.encode())
    return m.digest()


sig = getsig(contents)


def check():
    contents = text.get("1.0", END)
    if sig != getsig(contents):
        print("该文本经过修改！")
    else:
        print("匹配成功")


Button(root, text="检查", command=check).pack()

mainloop()

结果：

         

 

 ==========================================

全文搜索