使用using清理非托管资源

我们都知道,垃圾回收可以分为Dispose和Finalize两类,关于这两者的区别已经太多了,一个是正常的垃圾回收GC所调用的方法,另外一个是终结器Finalizer,所调用的方法,在Effective C#一书中,有着明确的建议是说使用IDispose接口来代替Finalize。原因是因为Finalize终结会增加垃圾回收对象的代数,从而影响垃圾回收。

有了上述的原因,我们现在只来看使用IDispose接口的类。

  在.NET中,绝大多数的类都是运行在托管的环境下,所以都由GC来负责回收,那么我们就不需要实现IDispose接口,而是由GC来自动负责。可是有一些类使用的是非托管资源,那么这个时候,我们就应该去实现IDispose接口,说个比较常用的SqlConnection之类。

     写段常用的连接SQL语句的模型:

 

View Code
1 string connectionString = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["Study1ConnectionString1"].ConnectionString;
2 SqlConnection thisConnection = new SqlConnection(connectionString);
3 thisConnection.Open();
4 SqlCommand thisCommand = new SqlCommand();
5 thisCommand.Connection = thisConnection;
6 thisCommand.CommandText = "select * from [User]";
7 thisCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();
8 thisConnection.Close();

  其实,作为非托管资源,为了防止我们忘记调用Close,一般都实现了Finalize,因此,即使我们没有Close掉,也会由终结器将这块内存回收。但是,就增加了这块垃圾的代数。

  假设说我们写了这样的代码:

 

View Code
1 string connectionString = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["Study1ConnectionString1"].ConnectionString;
2 SqlConnection thisConnection = new SqlConnection(connectionString);
3 thisConnection.Open();
4 SqlCommand thisCommand = new SqlCommand();
5 thisCommand.Connection = thisConnection;
6 thisCommand.CommandText = "select * form [User]";  //SQL语句错误
7 thisCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();
8 thisConnection.Close();

  这样的话,我们打开的SqlConnection就没有关闭,只能等待Finalize去关闭了。

  这是非常不好的做法。于是,我们可以想到异常处理:

 

View Code
 1 SqlConnection thisConnection = null;
 2 try
 3 {
 4   string connectionString = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["Study1ConnectionString1"].ConnectionString;
 5   thisConnection = new SqlConnection(connectionString);
 6   thisConnection.Open();
 7   SqlCommand thisCommand = new SqlCommand();
 8   thisCommand.Connection = thisConnection;
 9   thisCommand.CommandText = "select * form [User]";
10   thisCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();
11 }
12 finally
13 {
14   if (thisConnection != null)
15   {
16     thisConnection.Close();
17   }
18 }

  这样做就不错了,但是代码看起来有些丑陋,可是使用using就让代码优雅了很多,这也是C#比JAVA棒很多的地方,呵呵!

 

View Code
1 string connectionString = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["Study1ConnectionString1"].ConnectionString;
2 using (SqlConnection thisConnection = new SqlConnection())
3 {
4   thisConnection.Open();
5   SqlCommand thisCommand = new SqlCommand();
6   thisCommand.Connection = thisConnection;
7   thisCommand.CommandText = "select * form [User]";
8   thisCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();

代码量是不是小了很多呢?优雅了许多呢!

  其实,在IL的位置,代码仍然是一样的,他同样把代码给编译成了try-finally的处理形式!

  接下来,再来看下我们常用的使用数据库的方式:

 

View Code
1 string connectionString = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["Study1ConnectionString1"].ConnectionString;
2 SqlConnection thisConnection = new SqlConnection(connectionString);
3 thisConnection.Open();
4 SqlCommand thisCommand = new SqlCommand();
5 thisCommand.Connection = thisConnection;
6 thisCommand.CommandText = "select * from [User]";
7 SqlDataReader thisReader = thisCommand.ExecuteReader();
8 thisReader.Close();
9 thisConnection.Close();

  还是上面的问题,我们考虑用using语句来将之代码重构:

 

View Code
 1 string connectionString = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["Study1ConnectionString1"].ConnectionString;
 2 using (SqlConnection thisConnection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
 3 {
 4   thisConnection.Open();
 5   SqlCommand thisCommand = new SqlCommand();
 6   thisCommand.Connection = thisConnection;
 7   thisCommand.CommandText = "select * from [User]";
 8   using (SqlDataReader reader = thisCommand.ExecuteReader())
 9   {
10     while (reader.Read())
11     { 
12       //操作
13     }
14   }
15 }

  我先把这段代码翻译成我们熟悉的try-finally的处理形式:

 

View Code
 1 SqlConnection thisConnection = null;
 2 try
 3 {
 4   string connectionString = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["Study1ConnectionString1"].ConnectionString;
 5   thisConnection = new SqlConnection(connectionString);
 6   thisConnection.Open();
 7   SqlCommand thisCommand = new SqlCommand();
 8   thisCommand.Connection = thisConnection;
 9   thisCommand.CommandText = "select * from [User]";
10   SqlDataReader reader = null;
11   try
12   {
13     reader = thisCommand.ExecuteReader();
14     while (reader.Read())
15     {
16       //操作
17     }
18   }
19   finally
20   {
21     reader.Close();
22   }
23 }
24 finally
25 {
26   thisConnection.Close();
27 }

  更丑陋的代码吧!所以有个原则是:尽量避免using语句的嵌套。

  怎么样解决呢?很容易,自己写我们的try-finally吧!

 

View Code
 1 SqlConnection thisConnection = null;
 2 SqlDataReader reader = null;
 3 try
 4 {
 5   string connectionString = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["Study1ConnectionString1"].ConnectionString;
 6   thisConnection = new SqlConnection(connectionString);
 7   thisConnection.Open();
 8   SqlCommand thisCommand = new SqlCommand();
 9   thisCommand.Connection = thisConnection;
10   thisCommand.CommandText = "select * from [User]";
11   reader = thisCommand.ExecuteReader();
12   while (reader.Read())
13   {
14     //操作
15   }
16 }
17 finally
18 {
19   if (thisConnection != null)
20   {
21     thisConnection.Close();
22   }
23   if (reader != null)
24   {
25     reader.Close();
26   }
27   
28 }

这样就好了!

  关于using 的这节我就写到这,最后对全文做个总结,其实就是一句话:尽量使用using来进行非托管资源的资源回收。

 

      
posted @ 2011-03-23 17:22  双魂人生  阅读(719)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报