RabbitMQ与java、Spring结合实例详细讲解
林炳文Evankaka原创作品。转载请注明出处http://blog.csdn.net/evankaka
摘要:本文介绍了rabbitMq,提供了如何在Ubuntu下安装RabbitMQ 服务的方法。最好以RabbitMQ与java、Spring结合的两个实例来演示如何使用RabbitMQ。
一、rabbitMQ简介
1.1、rabbitMQ的优点(适用范围)
1. 基于erlang语言开发具有高可用高并发的优点,适合集群服务器。
2. 健壮、稳定、易用、跨平台、支持多种语言、文档齐全。
3. 有消息确认机制和持久化机制,可靠性高。
4. 开源
其他MQ的优势:
1. Apache ActiveMQ曝光率最高,但是可能会丢消息。
2. ZeroMQ延迟很低、支持灵活拓扑,但是不支持消息持久化和崩溃恢复。
1.2、几个概念说明
producer&Consumer
producer指的是消息生产者,consumer消息的消费者。
Queue
消息队列,提供了FIFO的处理机制,具有缓存消息的能力。rabbitmq中,队列消息可以设置为持久化,临时或者自动删除。
设置为持久化的队列,queue中的消息会在server本地硬盘存储一份,防止系统crash,数据丢失
设置为临时队列,queue中的数据在系统重启之后就会丢失
设置为自动删除的队列,当不存在用户连接到server,队列中的数据会被自动删除Exchange
Exchange类似于数据通信网络中的交换机,提供消息路由策略。rabbitmq中,producer不是通过信道直接将消息发送给queue,而是先发送给Exchange。一个Exchange可以和多个Queue进行绑定,producer在传递消息的时候,会传递一个ROUTING_KEY,Exchange会根据这个ROUTING_KEY按照特定的路由算法,将消息路由给指定的queue。和Queue一样,Exchange也可设置为持久化,临时或者自动删除。
Exchange有4种类型:direct(默认),fanout, topic, 和headers,不同类型的Exchange转发消息的策略有所区别:
Direct
直接交换器,工作方式类似于单播,Exchange会将消息发送完全匹配ROUTING_KEY的Queue
fanout
广播是式交换器,不管消息的ROUTING_KEY设置为什么,Exchange都会将消息转发给所有绑定的Queue。
topic
主题交换器,工作方式类似于组播,Exchange会将消息转发和ROUTING_KEY匹配模式相同的所有队列,比如,ROUTING_KEY为user.stock的Message会转发给绑定匹配模式为 * .stock,user.stock, * . * 和#.user.stock.#的队列。( * 表是匹配一个任意词组,#表示匹配0个或多个词组)
headers
消息体的header匹配(ignore)
Binding
所谓绑定就是将一个特定的 Exchange 和一个特定的 Queue 绑定起来。Exchange 和Queue的绑定可以是多对多的关系。
virtual host
在rabbitmq server上可以创建多个虚拟的message broker,又叫做virtual hosts (vhosts)。每一个vhost本质上是一个mini-rabbitmq server,分别管理各自的exchange,和bindings。vhost相当于物理的server,可以为不同app提供边界隔离,使得应用安全的运行在不同的vhost实例上,相互之间不会干扰。producer和consumer连接rabbit server需要指定一个vhost。
1.3、消息队列的使用过程
1. 客户端连接到消息队列服务器,打开一个channel。
2. 客户端声明一个exchange,并设置相关属性。
3. 客户端声明一个queue,并设置相关属性。
4. 客户端使用routing key,在exchange和queue之间建立好绑定关系。
5. 客户端投递消息到exchange。
6. exchange接收到消息后,就根据消息的key和已经设置的binding,进行消息路由,将消息投递到一个或多个队列里
二、环境配置与安装
1、Erlang环境安装
RabbitMQ是基于Erlang的,所以首先必须配置Erlang环境。
从Erlang的官网 http://www.erlang.org/download.html 下载最新的erlang安装包,我下载的版本是 otp_src_R14B03.tar.gz 。然后:
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$ tar xvzf otp_src_R14B03.tar.gz
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$ cd otp_src_R14B03
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$ ./configure
编译后的输出
如下图:
注:
可能会报错 configure: error: No curses library functions found
configure: error: /bin/sh '/home/liyixiang/erlang/configure' failed for erts
![](http://static.open-open.com/lib/uploadImg/20160121/20160121122133_118.png)
原因是缺少ncurses包
解决:在ubuntu系统下-
apt-cache search ncurses
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apt-get install libncurses5-dev
然后重新执行
./configure
提示没有wxWidgets和fop、ssh、odbc、ssl,但是问题不大。继续:
make
然后:
sudo make install
配置erlang环境变量
修改/etc/profile文件,增加下面的环境变量:(vim profile i插入 编辑完毕ESC退出 wq!强制修改)
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#set erlang environment
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export PATH=$PATH:/usr/erlang/bin:$PATH
-
source profile使得文件生效
下面是我的
2、RabbitMQ-Server安装
安装完Erlang,开始安装RabbitMQ-Server。安装方法有三种,这里笔者三者都试过了,就只有以下这个方法成功了。
直接使用:
apt-get install rabbitmq-server
安装完成后会自动打开:
使用命令查看rabbitmq运行状态:
rabbitmqctl status
停止
rabbitmqctl stop
开启
rabbitmq-server start
3、rabbitmq web管理页面插件安装
输入以下命令
-
cd /usr/lib/rabbitmq/bin/
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rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
![](http://static.open-open.com/lib/uploadImg/20160121/20160121122134_255.png)
如果安装成功打开浏览器,输入 http://[server-name]:15672/ 如 http://localhost:15672/ ,会要求输入用户名和密码,用默认的guest/guest即可(guest/guest用户只能从localhost地址登录,如果要配置远程登录,必须另创建用户)。
如果要从远程登录怎么做呢?处于安全考虑,guest这个默认的用户只能通过http://localhost:15672来登录,其他的IP无法直接用这个guest帐号。这里我们可以通过配置文件来实现从远程登录管理界面,只要编辑/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.config文件(没有就新增),添加以下配置就可以了。
4、添加用户
vim /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.config
然后添加 -
[
-
{rabbit, [{tcp_listeners, [5672]}, {loopback_users, ["asdf"]}]}
-
].
现在添加了一个新授权用户asdf,可以远程使用这个用户名。记得要先用命令添加这个命令才行:
cd /usr/lib/rabbitmq/bin/
#用户名与密码 sudo rabbitmqctl add_user asdf 123456
用户设置为administrator才能远程访问 -
sudo rabbitmqctl set_user_tags asdf administrator
-
sudo rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p / asdf ".*" ".*" ".*"
其实也可以通过管理平台页面直接添加用户和密码等信息。如果还不能远程访问或远程登录检查是不是5672, 15672端口没有开放!!!!!!
5、开放端口
ufw allow 5672
三、简单Java实例
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package com.lin;
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import java.io.IOException;
-
-
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
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import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
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import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
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-
/**
-
*
-
* 功能概要: EndPoint类型的队列
-
*
-
* @author linbingwen
-
* @since 2016年1月11日
-
*/
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public abstract class EndPoint{
-
-
protected Channel channel;
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protected Connection connection;
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protected String endPointName;
-
-
public EndPoint(String endpointName) throws IOException{
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this.endPointName = endpointName;
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-
//Create a connection factory
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ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
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//hostname of your rabbitmq server
-
factory.setHost("10.75.4.25");
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factory.setPort(5672);
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factory.setUsername("asdf");
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factory.setPassword("123456");
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//getting a connection
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connection = factory.newConnection();
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//creating a channel
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channel = connection.createChannel();
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//declaring a queue for this channel. If queue does not exist,
-
//it will be created on the server.
-
channel.queueDeclare(endpointName, false, false, false, null);
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}
-
-
-
/**
-
* 关闭channel和connection。并非必须,因为隐含是自动调用的。
-
* @throws IOException
-
*/
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public void close() throws IOException{
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this.channel.close();
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this.connection.close();
-
}
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}
2、消息提供者
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package com.lin.producer;
-
-
import java.io.IOException;
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import java.io.Serializable;
-
-
import org.apache.commons.lang.SerializationUtils;
-
-
import com.lin.EndPoint;
-
-
-
/**
-
*
-
* 功能概要:消息生产者
-
*
-
* @author linbingwen
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* @since 2016年1月11日
-
*/
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public class Producer extends EndPoint{
-
-
public Producer(String endPointName) throws IOException{
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super(endPointName);
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}
-
-
public void sendMessage(Serializable object) throws IOException {
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channel.basicPublish("",endPointName, null, SerializationUtils.serialize(object));
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}
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}
3、消息消费者
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package com.lin.consumer;
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-
import java.io.IOException;
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import java.util.HashMap;
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import java.util.Map;
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import org.apache.commons.lang.SerializationUtils;
-
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import com.lin.EndPoint;
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import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP.BasicProperties;
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import com.rabbitmq.client.Consumer;
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import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;
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import com.rabbitmq.client.ShutdownSignalException;
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-
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/**
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*
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* 功能概要:读取队列的程序端,实现了Runnable接口
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*
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* @author linbingwen
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* @since 2016年1月11日
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*/
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public class QueueConsumer extends EndPoint implements Runnable, Consumer{
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public QueueConsumer(String endPointName) throws IOException{
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super(endPointName);
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}
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public void run() {
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try {
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//start consuming messages. Auto acknowledge messages.
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channel.basicConsume(endPointName, true,this);
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} catch (IOException e) {
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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}
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/**
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* Called when consumer is registered.
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*/
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public void handleConsumeOk(String consumerTag) {
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System.out.println("Consumer "+consumerTag +" registered");
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}
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/**
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* Called when new message is available.
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*/
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public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope env,
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BasicProperties props, byte[] body) throws IOException {
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Map map = (HashMap)SerializationUtils.deserialize(body);
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System.out.println("Message Number "+ map.get("message number") + " received.");
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}
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public void handleCancel(String consumerTag) {}
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public void handleCancelOk(String consumerTag) {}
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public void handleRecoverOk(String consumerTag) {}
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public void handleShutdownSignal(String consumerTag, ShutdownSignalException arg1) {}
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}
4、测试
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package com.lin.test;
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import java.io.IOException;
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import java.sql.SQLException;
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import java.util.HashMap;
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import com.lin.consumer.QueueConsumer;
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import com.lin.producer.Producer;
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public class Test {
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public Test() throws Exception{
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QueueConsumer consumer = new QueueConsumer("queue");
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Thread consumerThread = new Thread(consumer);
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consumerThread.start();
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Producer producer = new Producer("queue");
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for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
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HashMap message = new HashMap();
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message.put("message number", i);
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producer.sendMessage(message);
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System.out.println("Message Number "+ i +" sent.");
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}
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}
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/**
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* @param args
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* @throws SQLException
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* @throws IOException
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*/
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public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
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new Test();
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}
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}
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<!-- rabbitmq客户端 -->
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<dependencies>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
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<artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
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<version>3.0.4</version>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
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<artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
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<version>2.6</version>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
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<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
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<version>3.1</version>
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</dependency>
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</dependencies>
测试结果:
![](http://static.open-open.com/lib/uploadImg/20160121/20160121122134_228.png)
![](http://static.open-open.com/lib/uploadImg/20160121/20160121122134_752.png)
rabbitmqctl list_queues
这个命令是用来查看服务端中有多处个消息队列的。![](http://static.open-open.com/lib/uploadImg/20160121/20160121122134_750.png)
四、Rbbitmq与Spring结合使用
![](http://static.open-open.com/lib/uploadImg/20160121/20160121122135_315.png)
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<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
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xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
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<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
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<groupId>com.lin</groupId>
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<artifactId>rabbit_c2</artifactId>
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<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
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<properties>
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<!-- spring版本号 -->
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<spring.version>3.2.8.RELEASE</spring.version>
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<!-- log4j日志文件管理包版本 -->
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<slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
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<log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
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<!-- junit版本号 -->
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<junit.version>4.10</junit.version>
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</properties>
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<dependencies>
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<!-- 添加Spring依赖 -->
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
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<version>${spring.version}</version>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
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<version>${spring.version}</version>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
-
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
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<version>${spring.version}</version>
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</dependency>
-
<dependency>
-
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
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<version>${spring.version}</version>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
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<version>${spring.version}</version>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
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<version>${spring.version}</version>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
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<version>${spring.version}</version>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
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<version>${spring.version}</version>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
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<version>${spring.version}</version>
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</dependency>
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<!--单元测试依赖 -->
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<dependency>
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<groupId>junit</groupId>
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<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
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<version>${junit.version}</version>
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<scope>test</scope>
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</dependency>
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<!-- 日志文件管理包 -->
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<!-- log start -->
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<dependency>
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<groupId>log4j</groupId>
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<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
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<version>${log4j.version}</version>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
-
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
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<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
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<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
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<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
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<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
-
</dependency>
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<!-- log end -->
-
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<!--spring单元测试依赖 -->
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
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<version>${spring.version}</version>
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<scope>test</scope>
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</dependency>
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<!--rabbitmq依赖 -->
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId>
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<version>1.3.5.RELEASE</version>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
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<artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
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<version>1.1.0.Final</version>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
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<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
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<version>5.0.1.Final</version>
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</dependency>
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</dependencies>
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<build>
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<resources>
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<resource>
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<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
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<targetPath>${basedir}/target/classes</targetPath>
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<includes>
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<include>**/*.properties</include>
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<include>**/*.xml</include>
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</includes>
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<filtering>true</filtering>
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</resource>
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<resource>
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<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
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<targetPath>${basedir}/target/resources</targetPath>
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<includes>
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<include>**/*.properties</include>
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<include>**/*.xml</include>
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</includes>
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<filtering>true</filtering>
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</resource>
-
</resources>
-
-
<plugins>
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<plugin>
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<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
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<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
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<configuration>
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<source>1.6</source>
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<target>1.6</target>
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<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
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</configuration>
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</plugin>
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<plugin>
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<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
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<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
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<version>2.1.1</version>
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<configuration>
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<warSourceExcludes>${warExcludes}</warSourceExcludes>
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</configuration>
-
</plugin>
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<plugin>
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<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
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<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
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<version>2.4.3</version>
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<configuration>
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<testFailureIgnore>true</testFailureIgnore>
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</configuration>
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</plugin>
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<plugin>
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<inherited>true</inherited>
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<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
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<artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
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<executions>
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<execution>
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<id>attach-sources</id>
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<goals>
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<goal>jar</goal>
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</goals>
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</execution>
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</executions>
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</plugin>
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<plugin>
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<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
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<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
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<configuration>
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<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
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</configuration>
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</plugin>
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</plugins>
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</build>
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</project>
2、消息生产者
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package com.lin.producer;
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import javax.annotation.Resource;
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import org.slf4j.Logger;
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import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
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import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
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import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
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/**
-
* 功能概要:消息产生,提交到队列中去
-
*
-
* @author linbingwen
-
* @since 2016年1月15日
-
*/
-
-
public class MessageProducer {
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private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MessageProducer.class);
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-
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private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;
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public void sendMessage(Object message){
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logger.info("to send message:{}",message);
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amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("queueTestKey",message);
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}
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}
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package com.lin.consumer;
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-
import org.slf4j.Logger;
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import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
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import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
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import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageListener;
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-
/**
-
* 功能概要:消费接收
-
*
-
* @author linbingwen
-
* @since 2016年1月15日
-
*/
-
public class MessageConsumer implements MessageListener {
-
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private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MessageConsumer.class);
-
-
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public void onMessage(Message message) {
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logger.info("receive message:{}",message);
-
}
-
-
}
4、rabbitMq.xml配置信息
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
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xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
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xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
-
http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit-1.0.xsd">
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<!--配置connection-factory,指定连接rabbit server参数 -->
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<rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory"
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username="asdf" password="123456" host="10.75.4.25" port="5672" />
-
-
<!--定义rabbit template用于数据的接收和发送 -->
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<rabbit:template id="amqpTemplate" connection-factory="connectionFactory"
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exchange="exchangeTest" />
-
-
<!--通过指定下面的admin信息,当前producer中的exchange和queue会在rabbitmq服务器上自动生成 -->
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<rabbit:admin connection-factory="connectionFactory" />
-
-
<!--定义queue -->
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<rabbit:queue name="queueTest" durable="true" auto-delete="false" exclusive="false" />
-
-
<!-- 定义direct exchange,绑定queueTest -->
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<rabbit:direct-exchange name="exchangeTest" durable="true" auto-delete="false">
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<rabbit:bindings>
-
<rabbit:binding queue="queueTest" key="queueTestKey"></rabbit:binding>
-
</rabbit:bindings>
-
</rabbit:direct-exchange>
-
-
<!-- 消息接收者 -->
-
<bean id="messageReceiver" class="com.lin.consumer.MessageConsumer"></bean>
-
-
<!-- queue litener 观察 监听模式 当有消息到达时会通知监听在对应的队列上的监听对象-->
-
<rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory">
-
<rabbit:listener queues="queueTest" ref="messageReceiver"/>
-
</rabbit:listener-container>
-
-
</beans>
5、spring集成rabbiqMq。application.xml内容如下:
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
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xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
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xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
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xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
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http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd">
-
-
-
<import resource="classpath*:rabbitmq.xml" />
-
-
-
<!-- 扫描指定package下所有带有如
-
<context:component-scan base-package="com.lin.consumer,com.lin.producer" />
-
-
-
<!-- 激活annotation功能 -->
-
<context:annotation-config />
-
<!-- 激活annotation功能 -->
-
<context:spring-configured />
-
-
</beans>
6、最后,为了方便,打印了日志,log4j.properties配置如下
-
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG,Console,Stdout
-
-
#Console
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log4j.appender.Console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
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log4j.appender.Console.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
-
log4j.appender.Console.layout.ConversionPattern=%d [%t] %-5p [%c] - %m%n
-
-
log4j.logger.java.sql.ResultSet=INFO
-
log4j.logger.org.apache=INFO
-
log4j.logger.java.sql.Connection=DEBUG
-
log4j.logger.java.sql.Statement=DEBUG
-
log4j.logger.java.sql.PreparedStatement=DEBUG
-
-
log4j.appender.Stdout = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
-
log4j.appender.Stdout.File = E://logs/log.log
-
log4j.appender.Stdout.Append = true
-
log4j.appender.Stdout.Threshold = DEBUG
-
log4j.appender.Stdout.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
-
log4j.appender.Stdout.layout.ConversionPattern = %-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [ %t:%r ] - [ %p ] %m%n
![](http://static.open-open.com/lib/uploadImg/20160121/20160121122135_503.png)
![](http://static.open-open.com/lib/uploadImg/20160121/20160121122135_970.png)