HttpClient详细解释
Http协议的重要性相信不用我多说了,HttpClient相比传统JDK自带的URLConnection,增加了易用性和灵活性(具体区别,日后我们再讨论),它不仅是客户端发送Http请求变得容易,而且也方便了开发人员测试接口(基于Http协议的),即提高了开发的效率,也方便提高代码的健壮性。因此熟练掌握HttpClient是很重要的必修内容,掌握HttpClient后,相信对于Http协议的了解会更加深入。
org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient与org.apache.http.client.HttpClient的区别
- Commons的HttpClient项目现在是生命的尽头,不再被开发,
- 已被Apache HttpComponents项目HttpClient和的HttpCore
- 模组取代,提供更好的性能和更大的灵活性。
一、简介
HttpClient是Apache Jakarta Common下的子项目,用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持HTTP协议的客户端编程工具包,并且它支持HTTP协议最新的版本和建议。HttpClient已经应用在很多的项目中,比如Apache Jakarta上很著名的另外两个开源项目Cactus和HTMLUnit都使用了HttpClient。
下载地址: http://hc.apache.org/downloads.cgi
二、特性
1. 基于标准、纯净的java语言。实现了Http1.0和Http1.1
2. 以可扩展的面向对象的结构实现了Http全部的方法(GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD, OPTIONS, and TRACE)。
3. 支持HTTPS协议。
4. 通过Http代理建立透明的连接。
5. 利用CONNECT方法通过Http代理建立隧道的https连接。
6. Basic, Digest, NTLMv1, NTLMv2, NTLM2 Session, SNPNEGO/Kerberos认证方案。
7. 插件式的自定义认证方案。
8. 便携可靠的套接字工厂使它更容易的使用第三方解决方案。
9. 连接管理器支持多线程应用。支持设置最大连接数,同时支持设置每个主机的最大连接数,发现并关闭过期的连接。
10. 自动处理Set-Cookie中的Cookie。
11. 插件式的自定义Cookie策略。
12. Request的输出流可以避免流中内容直接缓冲到socket服务器。
13. Response的输入流可以有效的从socket服务器直接读取相应内容。
14. 在http1.0和http1.1中利用KeepAlive保持持久连接。
15. 直接获取服务器发送的response code和 headers。
16. 设置连接超时的能力。
17. 实验性的支持http1.1 response caching。
18. 源代码基于Apache License 可免费获取。
三、使用方法
使用HttpClient发送请求、接收响应很简单,一般需要如下几步即可。
1. 创建HttpClient对象。
2. 创建请求方法的实例,并指定请求URL。如果需要发送GET请求,创建HttpGet对象;如果需要发送POST请求,创建HttpPost对象。
3. 如果需要发送请求参数,可调用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HetpParams params)方法来添加请求参数;对于HttpPost对象而言,也可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。
4. 调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求,该方法返回一个HttpResponse。
5. 调用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头;调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象,该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。
6. 释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功,都必须释放连接
相关jar包
- commons-cli-1.2.jar
- commons-codec-1.9.jar
- commons-logging-1.2.jar
- fluent-hc-4.5.1.jar
- httpclient-4.5.1.jar
- httpclient-cache-4.5.1.jar
- httpclient-win-4.5.1.jar
- httpcore-4.4.3.jar
- httpcore-ab-4.4.3.jar
- httpcore-nio-4.4.3.jar
- httpmime-4.5.1.jar
- jna-4.1.0.jar
- jna-platform-4.1.0.jar
最简单post请求, 源自 http://my.oschina.net/xinxingegeya/blog/282683
- package a;
- import java.io.FileInputStream;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- import java.util.Properties;
- import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
- import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
- import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
- import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
- import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
- import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
- import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
- import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
- import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
- import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
- public class First {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
- List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
- formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("account", ""));
- formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", ""));
- HttpEntity reqEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "utf-8");
- RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
- .setConnectTimeout(5000)//一、连接超时:connectionTimeout-->指的是连接一个url的连接等待时间
- .setSocketTimeout(5000)// 二、读取数据超时:SocketTimeout-->指的是连接上一个url,获取response的返回等待时间
- .setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)
- .build();
- HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
- HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://cnivi.com.cn/login");
- post.setEntity(reqEntity);
- post.setConfig(requestConfig);
- HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
- if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
- HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
- String message = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, "utf-8");
- System.out.println(message);
- } else {
- System.out.println("请求失败");
- }
- }
- }
四、实例
主文件
- package com.test;
- import java.io.File;
- import java.io.FileInputStream;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
- import java.security.KeyManagementException;
- import java.security.KeyStore;
- import java.security.KeyStoreException;
- import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
- import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
- import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
- import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
- import org.apache.http.ParseException;
- import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
- import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
- import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
- import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
- import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
- import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
- import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContexts;
- import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy;
- import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
- import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
- import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;
- import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;
- import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
- import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
- import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
- import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
- import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
- import org.junit.Test;
- public class HttpClientTest {
- //方法见下........
- }
HttpClientUtils工具类
- package com.bobo.code.web.controller.technology.httpcomponents;
- import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
- import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
- import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
- import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
- import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
- import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
- import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;
- import org.apache.http.client.methods.RequestBuilder;
- import org.apache.http.conn.routing.HttpRoute;
- import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
- import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
- import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
- import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
- import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
- import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.util.*;
- public class HttpClientUtils {
- private static PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager = null;
- private static HttpClientBuilder httpBuilder = null;
- private static RequestConfig requestConfig = null;
- private static int MAXCONNECTION = 10;
- private static int DEFAULTMAXCONNECTION = 5;
- private static String IP = "cnivi.com.cn";
- private static int PORT = 80;
- static {
- //设置http的状态参数
- requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
- .setSocketTimeout(5000)
- .setConnectTimeout(5000)
- .setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)
- .build();
- HttpHost target = new HttpHost(IP, PORT);
- connectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
- connectionManager.setMaxTotal(MAXCONNECTION);//客户端总并行链接最大数
- connectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(DEFAULTMAXCONNECTION);//每个主机的最大并行链接数
- connectionManager.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(target), 20);
- httpBuilder = HttpClients.custom();
- httpBuilder.setConnectionManager(connectionManager);
- }
- public static CloseableHttpClient getConnection() {
- CloseableHttpClient httpClient = httpBuilder.build();
- return httpClient;
- }
- public static HttpUriRequest getRequestMethod(Map<String, String> map, String url, String method) {
- List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
- Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> entrySet = map.entrySet();
- for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : entrySet) {
- String name = e.getKey();
- String value = e.getValue();
- NameValuePair pair = new BasicNameValuePair(name, value);
- params.add(pair);
- }
- HttpUriRequest reqMethod = null;
- if ("post".equals(method)) {
- reqMethod = RequestBuilder.post().setUri(url)
- .addParameters(params.toArray(new BasicNameValuePair[params.size()]))
- .setConfig(requestConfig).build();
- } else if ("get".equals(method)) {
- reqMethod = RequestBuilder.get().setUri(url)
- .addParameters(params.toArray(new BasicNameValuePair[params.size()]))
- .setConfig(requestConfig).build();
- }
- return reqMethod;
- }
- public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
- Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
- map.put("account", "");
- map.put("password", "");
- HttpClient client = getConnection();
- HttpUriRequest post = getRequestMethod(map, "http://cnivi.com.cn/login", "post");
- HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
- if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
- HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
- String message = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
- System.out.println(message);
- } else {
- System.out.println("请求失败");
- }
- }
- }
get方式
- /**
- * 发送 get请求
- */
- public void get() {
- CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
- try {
- // 创建httpget.
- HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/");
- System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI());
- // 执行get请求.
- CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
- try {
- // 获取响应实体
- HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
- System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
- // 打印响应状态
- System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
- if (entity != null) {
- // 打印响应内容长度
- System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
- // 打印响应内容
- System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity));
- }
- System.out.println("------------------------------------");
- } finally {
- response.close();
- }
- } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (ParseException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- // 关闭连接,释放资源
- try {
- httpclient.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
post方式
- /**
- * 发送 post请求访问本地应用并根据传递参数不同返回不同结果
- */
- public void post() {
- // 创建默认的httpClient实例.
- CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
- // 创建httppost
- HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
- // 创建参数队列
- List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
- formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("type", "house"));
- UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;
- try {
- uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");
- httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);
- System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());
- CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
- try {
- HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
- if (entity != null) {
- System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
- System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));
- System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
- }
- } finally {
- response.close();
- }
- } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
- e1.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- // 关闭连接,释放资源
- try {
- httpclient.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
post方式乱码补充
如果有乱码,可以偿试使用 StringEntity 来替换HttpEntity:
- StringEntity content =new StringEntity(soapRequestData.toString(), Charset.forName("UTF-8"));// 第二个参数,设置后才会对,内容进行编码
- content.setContentType("application/soap+xml; charset=UTF-8");
- content.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
- httppost.setEntity(content);
具体SOAP协议代码如下:
- package com.isoftstone.core.service.impl;
- import java.io.BufferedReader;
- import java.io.File;
- import java.io.FileInputStream;
- import java.io.FileReader;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStreamReader;
- import java.nio.charset.Charset;
- import java.util.Scanner;
- import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
- import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
- import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
- import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
- import org.apache.http.client.entity.EntityBuilder;
- import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
- import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
- import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
- import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
- import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
- import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
- import org.jdom.Document;
- import org.jdom.Element;
- import com.isoftstone.core.common.constant.RequestConstants;
- import com.isoftstone.core.common.tools.XmlTool;
- import com.isoftstone.core.service.intf.ServiceOfStringPara;
- /**
- * 德勤定价系统,由核心主动调用
- * @author King
- *
- */
- public class DeloittePricingSingleCarImpl implements ServiceOfStringPara {
- private String serviceUrl = "http://10.30.0.35:7001/ZSInsUW/Auto/PricingService";
- private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(DeloittePricingSingleCarImpl.class.getName());
- public String invoke(String sRequest) {
- StringBuffer soapRequestData = new StringBuffer();
- soapRequestData.append("<soapenv:Envelope");
- soapRequestData.append(" xmlns:soapenv=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\" ");
- soapRequestData.append(" xmlns:prov=\"http://provider.webservice.zsins.dtt.com/\">");
- soapRequestData.append(" <soapenv:Header/> ");
- soapRequestData.append("<soapenv:Body>");
- soapRequestData.append("<prov:executePrvPricing>");
- soapRequestData.append("<arg0>");
- soapRequestData.append("<![CDATA[" + sRequest + "]]>");
- soapRequestData.append("</arg0>");
- soapRequestData.append("</prov:executePrvPricing>");
- soapRequestData.append(" </soapenv:Body>");
- soapRequestData.append("</soapenv:Envelope>");
- HttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
- HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(serviceUrl);
- StringEntity content =new StringEntity(soapRequestData.toString(), Charset.forName("UTF-8"));// 第二个参数,设置后才会对,内容进行编码
- content.setContentType("application/soap+xml; charset=UTF-8");
- content.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
- httppost.setEntity(content);
- //用下面的服务器端以UTF-8接收到的报文会乱码,原因未知
- // HttpEntity reqEntity = EntityBuilder.create().setContentType(
- // ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN) // .TEXT_PLAIN
- // .setText(soapRequestData.toString()).build();
- // httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);
- // httppost.addHeader("Content-Type",
- // "application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8");
- HttpResponse response = null;
- Document doc = null;
- String returnXml = null;
- String sentity = null;
- try {
- response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
- HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
- if (resEntity != null) {
- sentity = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, "UTF-8");
- doc = XmlTool.getDocument(sentity, RequestConstants.ENCODE);
- System.out.println(doc.toString());
- Element eRoot = doc.getRootElement();
- Element body = eRoot.getChild("Body", eRoot.getNamespace());
- Element resp = (Element) body.getChildren().get(0);
- Element returnele = resp.getChild("return");
- returnXml = returnele.getText().toString();
- }
- } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- log.info("发送给德勤定价系统的请求报文:\n" + soapRequestData.toString());
- log.info("德勤定价系统返回的响应报文:\n" + sentity);
- log.info("返回给核心的的报文:\n" + returnXml);
- }
- return returnXml;
- }
- public String getServiceUrl() {
- return serviceUrl;
- }
- public void setServiceUrl(String serviceUrl) {
- this.serviceUrl = serviceUrl;
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
- File file = new File("D:/浙商项目资料/z浙江资料/t唐建华/德勤定价调试报文.txt");
- System.out.println(file.exists());
- String temp2 = null;
- StringBuilder sb2 = new StringBuilder();
- InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file),"GBK");
- BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
- temp2 = br.readLine();
- while( temp2 != null ){
- sb2.append(temp2);
- temp2 = br.readLine();
- }
- String sss = sb2.toString();
- // System.out.println(sss.toString());
- new DeloittePricingSingleCarImpl().invoke(sss);
- }
- }
post提交表单
- /**
- * post方式提交表单(模拟用户登录请求)
- */
- public void postForm() {
- // 创建默认的httpClient实例.
- CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
- // 创建httppost
- HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
- // 创建参数队列
- List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
- formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin"));
- formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456"));
- UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;
- try {
- uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");
- httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);
- System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());
- CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
- try {
- HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
- if (entity != null) {
- System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
- System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));
- System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
- }
- } finally {
- response.close();
- }
- } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
- e1.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- // 关闭连接,释放资源
- try {
- httpclient.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
文件上传
- /**
- * 上传文件
- */
- public void upload() {
- CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
- try {
- HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceFile.action");
- FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\sendpix0.jpg"));
- StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);
- HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment).build();
- httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);
- System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine());
- CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
- try {
- System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
- System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
- HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
- if (resEntity != null) {
- System.out.println("Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength());
- }
- EntityUtils.consume(resEntity);
- } finally {
- response.close();
- }
- } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- try {
- httpclient.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
ssl连接
- /**
- * HttpClient连接SSL
- */
- public void ssl() {
- CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;
- try {
- KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
- FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("d:\\tomcat.keystore"));
- try {
- // 加载keyStore d:\\tomcat.keystore
- trustStore.load(instream, "123456".toCharArray());
- } catch (CertificateException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- try {
- instream.close();
- } catch (Exception ignore) {
- }
- }
- // 相信自己的CA和所有自签名的证书
- SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build();
- // 只允许使用TLSv1协议
- SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext, new String[] { "TLSv1" }, null,
- SSLConnectionSocketFactory.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);
- httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
- // 创建http请求(get方式)
- HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://localhost:8443/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
- System.out.println("executing request" + httpget.getRequestLine());
- CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
- try {
- HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
- System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
- System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
- if (entity != null) {
- System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
- System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity));
- EntityUtils.consume(entity);
- }
- } finally {
- response.close();
- }
- } catch (ParseException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (KeyManagementException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (KeyStoreException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- if (httpclient != null) {
- try {
- httpclient.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }
关于RequestConfig的配置:
源自:
http://segmentfault.com/a/1190000000587944
http://blog.csdn.net/walkerjong/article/details/51710945
- public void requestConfig(){
- // 新建一个RequestConfig:
- RequestConfig defaultRequestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
- //一、连接目标服务器超时时间:ConnectionTimeout-->指的是连接一个url的连接等待时间
- .setConnectTimeout(5000)
- //二、读取目标服务器数据超时时间:SocketTimeout-->指的是连接上一个url,获取response的返回等待时间
- .setSocketTimeout(5000)
- //三、从连接池获取连接的超时时间:ConnectionRequestTimeout
- .setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)
- .build();
- // 这个超时可以设置为客户端级别,作为所有请求的默认值:
- CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom()
- .setDefaultRequestConfig(defaultRequestConfig)
- .build();
- // httpclient.execute(httppost);的时候可以让httppost直接享受到httpclient中的默认配置.
- // Request不会继承客户端级别的请求配置,所以在自定义Request的时候,需要将客户端的默认配置拷贝过去:
- HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.apache.org/");
- RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.copy(defaultRequestConfig)
- .setProxy(new HttpHost("myotherproxy", 8080))
- .build();
- httpget.setConfig(requestConfig);
- // httpget可以单独地使用新copy的requestConfig请求配置,不会对别的request请求产生影响
- }
httpGet或httpPost 的abort()和releaseConnection()差异
- //httpPost.abort();//中断请求,接下来可以开始另一段请求,所以个人理应,用这个应该可以在session中虚拟登录
- //httpPost.releaseConnection();//释放请求.如果释放了相当于要清空session
根所以上差异,可知模拟登录可以如下: 源自 http://bbs.csdn.net/topics/390195343
- package com.bms.core;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- import org.apache.http.Consts;
- import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
- import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
- import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
- import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
- import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
- import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
- import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
- import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
- import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
- import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
- import com.bms.util.CommonUtil;
- public class Test2 {
- /**
- * @param args
- * @throws IOException
- * @throws ClientProtocolException
- */
- public static void main(String[] args) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
- DefaultHttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
- HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com");
- String body = "";
- HttpResponse response;
- HttpEntity entity;
- response = httpclient.execute(httpGet);
- entity = response.getEntity();
- body = EntityUtils.toString(entity);//这个就是页面源码了
- httpGet.abort();//中断请求,接下来可以开始另一段请求
- System.out.println(body);
- //httpGet.releaseConnection();//释放请求.如果释放了相当于要清空session
- //以下是post方法
- HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://www.baidu.com");//一定要改成可以提交的地址,这里用百度代替
- List <NameValuePair> nvps = new ArrayList <NameValuePair>();
- nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("name", "1"));//名值对
- nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("account", "xxxx"));
- httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, Consts.UTF_8));
- response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
- entity = response.getEntity();
- body = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
- System.out.println("Login form get: " + response.getStatusLine());//这个可以打印状态
- httpPost.abort();
- System.out.println(body);
- httpPost.releaseConnection();
- }
- }
源自 http://blog.csdn.net/wangpeng047/article/details/19624529#reply
其它相关资料: 非CloseableHttpClient HTTPClient模块的HttpGet和HttpPost
我项目中用到的HttpClientUtil (2016/12/17)
- package com.isoftstone.pcis.isc.util;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
- import java.net.UnknownHostException;
- import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
- import javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException;
- import org.apache.http.HttpEntityEnclosingRequest;
- import org.apache.http.HttpRequest;
- import org.apache.http.NoHttpResponseException;
- import org.apache.http.client.HttpRequestRetryHandler;
- import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
- import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
- import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
- import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectTimeoutException;
- import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
- import org.apache.http.conn.socket.LayeredConnectionSocketFactory;
- import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
- import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
- import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
- import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
- import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
- import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
- import com.isoftstone.pcis.isc.util.ProperUtil;
- public class HttpClientUtil {
- private static CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;
- static final int maxTotal=Integer.valueOf(ProperUtil.get("maxTotal")).intValue();//总最大连接数
- static final int defaultMaxPerRoute=Integer.valueOf(ProperUtil.get("corePoolSize")).intValue();//每条线路最大连接数 = 本系统核心线程数 , 这样永远不会超过最大连接
- public static CloseableHttpClient getHttpClient() {
- if (null == httpclient) {
- synchronized (HttpClientUtil.class) {
- if (null == httpclient) {
- httpclient = getNewHttpClient();
- }
- }
- }
- return httpclient;
- }
- private static CloseableHttpClient getNewHttpClient() {
- // 设置连接池
- ConnectionSocketFactory plainsf = PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();
- LayeredConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();
- Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> registry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory> create().register("http", plainsf).register("https", sslsf).build();
- PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(registry);
- // 配置最大连接数
- cm.setMaxTotal(maxTotal);
- // 配置每条线路的最大连接数
- cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(defaultMaxPerRoute);
- // 请求重试处理
- HttpRequestRetryHandler httpRequestRetryHandler = new HttpRequestRetryHandler() {
- @Override
- public boolean retryRequest(IOException exception,
- int executionCount, HttpContext context) {
- if (executionCount >= 2) {// 如果已经重试了2次,就放弃
- return false;
- }
- if (exception instanceof NoHttpResponseException) {// 如果服务器丢掉了连接,那么就重试
- return true;
- }
- if (exception instanceof SSLHandshakeException) {// 不要重试SSL握手异常
- return false;
- }
- if (exception instanceof InterruptedIOException) {// 超时
- return false;
- }
- if (exception instanceof UnknownHostException) {// 目标服务器不可达
- return false;
- }
- if (exception instanceof ConnectTimeoutException) {// 连接被拒绝
- return false;
- }
- if (exception instanceof SSLException) {// SSL握手异常
- return false;
- }
- HttpClientContext clientContext = HttpClientContext.adapt(context);
- HttpRequest request = clientContext.getRequest();
- if (!(request instanceof HttpEntityEnclosingRequest)) {
- return true;
- }
- return false;
- }
- };
- CloseableHttpClient newHttpclient=null;
- newHttpclient = HttpClients.custom()
- .setConnectionManager(cm)
- // .setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig)
- .setRetryHandler(httpRequestRetryHandler)
- .build();
- return newHttpclient;
- }
- }
我自己整理的HttpClientTool (2017/06/01)
- package com.isoftstone.core.util;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
- import java.net.UnknownHostException;
- import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
- import javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException;
- import org.apache.http.HttpEntityEnclosingRequest;
- import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
- import org.apache.http.HttpRequest;
- import org.apache.http.NoHttpResponseException;
- import org.apache.http.client.HttpRequestRetryHandler;
- import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
- import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
- import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
- import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
- import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectTimeoutException;
- import org.apache.http.conn.routing.HttpRoute;
- import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
- import org.apache.http.conn.socket.LayeredConnectionSocketFactory;
- import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
- import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
- import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
- import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
- import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
- import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
- /**
- * org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient链接池生成工具
- * @reference http://www.cnblogs.com/whatlonelytear/articles/4835538.html
- * @author King
- * @date 20170601
- */
- public class HttpClientTool {
- // org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient
- private static CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;
- // 这里就直接默认固定了,因为以下三个参数在新建的method中仍然可以重新配置并被覆盖.
- static final int connectionRequestTimeout = 5000;// ms毫秒,从池中获取链接超时时间
- static final int connectTimeout = 5000;// ms毫秒,建立链接超时时间
- static final int socketTimeout = 30000;// ms毫秒,读取超时时间
- // 总配置,主要涉及是以下两个参数,如果要作调整没有用到properties会比较后麻烦,但鉴于一经粘贴,随处可用的特点,就不再做依赖性配置化处理了.
- // 而且这个参数同一家公司基本不会变动.
- static final int maxTotal = 500;// 最大总并发,很重要的参数
- static final int maxPerRoute = 100;// 每路并发,很重要的参数
- // 正常情况这里应该配成MAP或LIST
- // 细化配置参数,用来对每路参数做精细化处理,可以管控各ip的流量,比如默认配置请求baidu:80端口最大100个并发链接,
- static final String detailHostName = "http://www.baidu.com";// 每个细化配置之ip(不重要,在特殊场景很有用)
- static final int detailPort = 80;// 每个细化配置之port(不重要,在特殊场景很有用)
- static final int detailMaxPerRoute = 100;// 每个细化配置之最大并发数(不重要,在特殊场景很有用)
- public static CloseableHttpClient getHttpClient() {
- if (null == httpclient) {
- synchronized (HttpClientTool.class) {
- if (null == httpclient) {
- httpclient = init();
- }
- }
- }
- return httpclient;
- }
- /**
- * 链接池初始化 这里最重要的一点理解就是. 让CloseableHttpClient 一直活在池的世界里, 但是HttpPost却一直用完就消掉.
- * 这样可以让链接一直保持着.
- *
- * @return
- */
- private static CloseableHttpClient init() {
- CloseableHttpClient newHttpclient = null;
- // 设置连接池
- ConnectionSocketFactory plainsf = PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();
- LayeredConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();
- Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> registry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory> create().register("http", plainsf).register("https", sslsf).build();
- PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(registry);
- // 将最大连接数增加
- cm.setMaxTotal(maxTotal);
- // 将每个路由基础的连接增加
- cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(maxPerRoute);
- // 细化配置开始,其实这里用Map或List的for循环来配置每个链接,在特殊场景很有用.
- // 将每个路由基础的连接做特殊化配置,一般用不着
- HttpHost httpHost = new HttpHost(detailHostName, detailPort);
- // 将目标主机的最大连接数增加
- cm.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(httpHost), detailMaxPerRoute);
- // cm.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(httpHost2),
- // detailMaxPerRoute2);//可以有细化配置2
- // cm.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(httpHost3),
- // detailMaxPerRoute3);//可以有细化配置3
- // 细化配置结束
- // 请求重试处理
- HttpRequestRetryHandler httpRequestRetryHandler = new HttpRequestRetryHandler() {
- @Override
- public boolean retryRequest(IOException exception, int executionCount, HttpContext context) {
- if (executionCount >= 2) {// 如果已经重试了2次,就放弃
- return false;
- }
- if (exception instanceof NoHttpResponseException) {// 如果服务器丢掉了连接,那么就重试
- return true;
- }
- if (exception instanceof SSLHandshakeException) {// 不要重试SSL握手异常
- return false;
- }
- if (exception instanceof InterruptedIOException) {// 超时
- return false;
- }
- if (exception instanceof UnknownHostException) {// 目标服务器不可达
- return false;
- }
- if (exception instanceof ConnectTimeoutException) {// 连接被拒绝
- return false;
- }
- if (exception instanceof SSLException) {// SSL握手异常
- return false;
- }
- HttpClientContext clientContext = HttpClientContext.adapt(context);
- HttpRequest request = clientContext.getRequest();
- // 如果请求是幂等的,就再次尝试
- if (!(request instanceof HttpEntityEnclosingRequest)) {
- return true;
- }
- return false;
- }
- };
- // 配置请求的超时设置
- RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectionRequestTimeout(connectionRequestTimeout).setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout).setSocketTimeout(socketTimeout).build();
- newHttpclient = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(cm).setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).setRetryHandler(httpRequestRetryHandler).build();
- return newHttpclient;
- }
- }
- 转自https://blog.csdn.net/zhuwukai/article/details/78644484