前面的话
让多个组件使用同一个挂载点,并动态切换,这就是动态组件。本文将详细介绍Vue动态组件
概述
通过使用保留的 <component>
元素,动态地绑定到它的 is
特性,可以实现动态组件
<div id="example"> <button @click="change">切换页面</button> <component :is="currentView"></component> </div>
<script> var home = {template:'<div>我是主页</div>'}; var post = {template:'<div>我是提交页</div>'}; var archive = {template:'<div>我是存档页</div>'}; new Vue({ el: '#example', components: { home, post, archive, }, data:{ index:0, arr:['home','post','archive'], }, computed:{ currentView(){ return this.arr[this.index]; } }, methods:{ change(){ this.index = (++this.index)%3; } } }) </script>
也可以直接绑定到组件对象上
<div id="example"> <button @click="change">切换页面</button> <component :is="currentView"></component> </div>
<script> new Vue({ el: '#example', data:{ index:0, arr:[ {template:`<div>我是主页</div>`}, {template:`<div>我是提交页</div>`}, {template:`<div>我是存档页</div>`} ], }, computed:{ currentView(){ return this.arr[this.index]; } }, methods:{ change(){ this.index = (++this.index)%3; } } }) </script>
缓存
<keep-alive>
包裹动态组件时,会缓存不活动的组件实例,而不是销毁它们。和 <transition>
相似,<keep-alive>
是一个抽象组件:它自身不会渲染一个 DOM 元素,也不会出现在父组件链中
【基础用法】
<div id="example"> <button @click="change">切换页面</button> <keep-alive> <component :is="currentView"></component> </keep-alive> </div>
<script> new Vue({ el: '#example', data:{ index:0, arr:[ {template:`<div>我是主页</div>`}, {template:`<div>我是提交页</div>`}, {template:`<div>我是存档页</div>`} ], }, computed:{ currentView(){ return this.arr[this.index]; } }, methods:{ change(){ let len = this.arr.length; this.index = (++this.index)% len; } } }) </script>
【条件判断】
如果有多个条件性的子元素,<keep-alive>
要求同时只有一个子元素被渲染
<div id="example"> <button @click="change">切换页面</button> <keep-alive> <home v-if="index===0"></home> <posts v-else-if="index===1"></posts> <archive v-else></archive> </keep-alive> </div>
<script> new Vue({ el: '#example', components:{ home:{template:`<div>我是主页</div>`}, posts:{template:`<div>我是提交页</div>`}, archive:{template:`<div>我是存档页</div>`}, }, data:{ index:0, }, methods:{ change(){ let len = Object.keys(this.$options.components).length; this.index = (++this.index)%len; } } }) </script>
【activated
和 deactivated
】
activated
和 deactivated
在 <keep-alive>
树内的所有嵌套组件中触发
<div id="example"> <button @click="change">切换页面</button> <keep-alive> <component :is="currentView" @pass-data="getData"></component> </keep-alive> <p>{{msg}}</p> </div>
<script> new Vue({ el: '#example', data:{ index:0, msg:'', arr:[ { template:`<div>我是主页</div>`, activated(){ this.$emit('pass-data','主页被添加'); }, deactivated(){ this.$emit('pass-data','主页被移除'); }, }, {template:`<div>我是提交页</div>`}, {template:`<div>我是存档页</div>`} ], }, computed:{ currentView(){ return this.arr[this.index]; } }, methods:{ change(){ var len = this.arr.length; this.index = (++this.index)% len; }, getData(value){ this.msg = value; setTimeout(()=>{ this.msg = ''; },500) } } }) </script>
【include和
exclude
】
include
和 exclude
属性允许组件有条件地缓存。二者都可以用逗号分隔字符串、正则表达式或一个数组来表示
<!-- 逗号分隔字符串 --> <keep-alive include="a,b"> <component :is="view"></component> </keep-alive> <!-- 正则表达式 (使用 v-bind) --> <keep-alive :include="/a|b/"> <component :is="view"></component> </keep-alive> <!-- Array (use v-bind) --> <keep-alive :include="['a', 'b']"> <component :is="view"></component> </keep-alive>
匹配首先检查组件自身的 name
选项,如果 name
选项不可用,则匹配它的局部注册名称(父组件 components
选项的键值)。匿名组件不能被匹配
<keep-alive include="home,archive"> <component :is="currentView"></component> </keep-alive>
上面的代码,表示只缓存home和archive,不缓存posts
<div id="example"> <button @click="change">切换页面</button> <keep-alive include="home,archive"> <component :is="currentView"></component> </keep-alive> </div> <script src="https://unpkg.com/vue"></script> <script> new Vue({ el: '#example', data:{ index:0, arr:[ {name:'home',template:`<div>我是主页</div>`}, {name:'posts',template:`<div>我是提交页</div>`}, {name:'archive',template:`<div>我是存档页</div>`} ], }, computed:{ currentView(){ return this.arr[this.index]; } }, methods:{ change(){ var len = this.arr.length; this.index = (++this.index)% len; }, } }) </script>