Java HTTP POST请求,接口参数加签,验签的操作方法
1.业务背景
因为公司做的系统跟淘宝有很大一部分的联系,所以涉及电商类的接口比较多,今天在对接礼品公司,对方的接口需要使用加签的方式。像这些接口,双方为了保证数据参数在传输过程中未经过篡改,一般都会需要对接口数据进行加签(不知道为什么像大淘客之类的却没有做这一块,可能是为了使用方便吧),然后在接口服务器端对接口参数进行验签,确保两个签名是一样的,验签通过之后再进行业务逻辑的处理。这里说一下我的处理思路。签名算法网上有很多,这里不做过多的介绍,我这里使用的是MD5算法加密。
2、处理思路
双方约定好,需要进行加签的规则,比如ASCII算法进行排序后加签再转换大小写,如:http://XXX.api.XXX.cn/API/XXX?appKey=yourAppKey&AppSecret=yourAppSecret×tamp=time&product=XXXX&sign=XXXXX,这里的参数是timestamp=time&product=XXXX,我这里只需要把参数拼接起来就可以了,即参数timestamp+product就可以了,然后再调用md5加签一次,再把这个值放到sign里,发给接口方,接口方接受到之后就会根据sign进行解析
3.实例练习
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Set; public class Demo { static String appKey = "yourAppKey"; static String AppSecret = "youreAppSecret"; static String URL = "http://XXX.api.XXX.cn/API/XXX?appKey=yourAppKey&AppSecret=yourAppSecret×tamp=time&product=XXXX&sign=XXXXX"; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Map<String, Object> MDParams = new HashMap(); String timestamp =DateUtils.getDate("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); MDParams.put("timestamp",timestamp); String sign = createSign(MDParams,AppSecret); Map map = new HashMap(); map.put("timestamp",timestamp); map.put("sign",sign); String params = mapToString(map); String result = HttpUtil.postGeneralUrl(URL,"application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8", params, "UTF-8"); System.out.println(result); } private static String createSign(Map<String, Object> params, String accessSecret) throws UnsupportedEncodingException { Set<String> keysSet = params.keySet(); Object[] keys = keysSet.toArray(); Arrays.sort(keys); StringBuilder temp = new StringBuilder(); boolean first = true; for (Object key : keys) { Object value = params.get(key); String valueString = ""; if (null != value) { valueString = String.valueOf(value); } temp.append(valueString); } temp.append(accessSecret); StringBuilder temp2 = new StringBuilder(); temp2.append(accessSecret); temp2.append(temp); return MD5Util.md5Encrypt32Upper(temp2.toString()).toUpperCase(); } private static String mapToString(Map<String, Object> params){ Set<String> keysSet = params.keySet(); Object[] keys = keysSet.toArray(); Arrays.sort(keys); StringBuilder temp = new StringBuilder(); boolean first = true; for (Object key : keys) { if (first) { first = false; } else { temp.append("&"); } temp.append(key).append("="); Object value = params.get(key); String valueString = ""; if (null != value) { valueString = String.valueOf(value); } temp.append(valueString); } return temp.toString(); } }
DateUtils.java
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import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils; import org.apache.commons.lang3.time.FastDateFormat; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory; import java.text.ParseException; import java.text.ParsePosition; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Calendar; import java.util.Date; /** * 日期处理 */ public class DateUtils extends org.apache.commons.lang3.time.DateUtils { private final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DateUtils.class); private static String[] parsePatterns = { "yyyy-MM-dd", "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss", "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm", "yyyy-MM-dd HH", "yyyy-MM", "yyyy/MM/dd", "yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss", "yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm", "yyyy/MM/dd HH", "yyyy/MM", "yyyy.MM.dd", "yyyy.MM.dd HH:mm:ss", "yyyy.MM.dd HH:mm", "yyyy.MM.dd HH", "yyyy.MM", "yyyy年MM月dd日", "yyyy年MM月dd日 HH时mm分ss秒", "yyyy年MM月dd日 HH时mm分", "yyyy年MM月dd日 HH时", "yyyy年MM月", "yyyy" }; /** * 获取 * 从今天往前beforeDay天到明天凌晨的时间范围,集合范围: [开始时间, 结束时间) * @return */ public static Date[] getTodayDateRange(int beforeDay) { Date startDate = DateUtils.truncate(new Date(), Calendar.DATE); Date endDate = DateUtils.addDays(startDate, 1); if (beforeDay > 0) { startDate = DateUtils.addDays(startDate, -beforeDay); } return new Date[] {startDate, endDate}; } /** * 获取 * 从今天往前beforeDay天到明天凌晨的时间范围,集合范围: [开始时间, 结束时间) * @return */ public static String[] getTodayDateRangeStr(int beforeDay) { Date startDate = DateUtils.truncate(new Date(), Calendar.DATE); Date endDate = DateUtils.addDays(startDate, 1); if (beforeDay > 0) { startDate = DateUtils.addDays(startDate, -beforeDay); } String startDateStr = formatDate(startDate, parsePatterns[1]); String endDateStr = formatDate(endDate, parsePatterns[1]); return new String[] {startDateStr, endDateStr}; } /** * 获取 * 从今天往前beforeDay天到明天凌晨的时间范围,集合范围: [开始时间, 结束时间) * @return */ public static String[] getTodayDateRangeStr0(int beforeDay) { Date[] dates = getTodayDateRange(beforeDay); String startDateStr = formatDate(dates[0], parsePatterns[0]); String endDateStr = formatDate(dates[1], parsePatterns[0]); return new String[] {startDateStr, endDateStr}; } /** * 得到日期字符串 ,转换格式(yyyy-MM-dd) */ public static String formatDate(Date date) { return formatDate(date, "yyyy-MM-dd"); } /** * 得到日期字符串 默认格式(yyyy-MM-dd) pattern可以为:"yyyy-MM-dd" "HH:mm:ss" "E" */ public static String formatDate(long dateTime, String pattern) { return formatDate(new Date(dateTime), pattern); } /** * 得到日期字符串 默认格式(yyyy-MM-dd) pattern可以为:"yyyy-MM-dd" "HH:mm:ss" "E" */ public static String formatDate(Date date, String pattern) { String formatDate = null; if (date != null) { // if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(pattern)) { // formatDate = DateFormatUtils.format(date, pattern); // } else { // formatDate = DateFormatUtils.format(date, "yyyy-MM-dd"); // } if (StringUtils.isBlank(pattern)) { pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd"; } formatDate = FastDateFormat.getInstance(pattern).format(date); } return formatDate; } /** * 得到日期时间字符串,转换格式(yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss) */ public static String formatDateTime(Date date) { return formatDate(date, "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); } /** * 得到当前日期字符串 格式(yyyy-MM-dd) */ public static String getDate() { return getDate("yyyy-MM-dd"); } /** * 得到当前日期字符串 格式(yyyy-MM-dd) pattern可以为:"yyyy-MM-dd" "HH:mm:ss" "E" */ public static String getDate(String pattern) { // return DateFormatUtils.format(new Date(), pattern); return FastDateFormat.getInstance(pattern).format(new Date()); } /** * 得到当前日期前后多少天,月,年的日期字符串 * * @param pattern 格式(yyyy-MM-dd) pattern可以为:"yyyy-MM-dd" "HH:mm:ss" "E" * @param amont 数量,前为负数,后为正数 * @param type 类型,可参考Calendar的常量(如:Calendar.HOUR、Calendar.MINUTE、Calendar.SECOND) * @return */ public static String getDate(String pattern, int amont, int type) { Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance(); calendar.setTime(new Date()); calendar.add(type, amont); // return DateFormatUtils.format(calendar.getTime(), pattern); return FastDateFormat.getInstance(pattern).format(calendar.getTime()); } /** * by hzw * 得到传递时间前后 多少小时,天,月的日期 * @param time 外部传入的日期时间 * @param amont 数量,前为负数,后为正数 * @param type 类型,可参考Calendar的常量(如:Calendar.HOUR、Calendar.MINUTE、Calendar.SECOND) * @return */ public static Date getDate(Date time ,int amont, int type) { Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance(); calendar.setTime(time); calendar.add(type, amont); return calendar.getTime(); } /** * 得到当前时间字符串 格式(HH:mm:ss) */ public static String getTime() { return formatDate(new Date(), "HH:mm:ss"); } /** * 得到当前日期和时间字符串 格式(yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss) */ public static String getDateTime() { return formatDate(new Date(), "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); } /** * 得到当前年份字符串 格式(yyyy) */ public static String getYear() { return formatDate(new Date(), "yyyy"); } /** * 得到当前月份字符串 格式(MM) */ public static String getMonth() { return formatDate(new Date(), "MM"); } /** * 得到当天字符串 格式(dd) */ public static String getDay() { return formatDate(new Date(), "dd"); } /** * 得到当前星期字符串 格式(E)星期几 */ public static String getWeek() { return formatDate(new Date(), "E"); } /** * 日期型字符串转化为日期 格式 see to DateUtils#parsePatterns */ public static Date parseDate(Object str) { if (str == null) { return null; } try { return parseDate(str.toString(), parsePatterns); } catch (ParseException e) { return null; } } /** * 获取过去的天数 * * @param date * @return */ public static long pastDays(Date date) { long t = System.currentTimeMillis() - date.getTime(); return t / (24 * 60 * 60 * 1000); } /** * 获取过去的小时 * * @param date * @return */ public static long pastHour(Date date) { long t = System.currentTimeMillis() - date.getTime(); return t / (60 * 60 * 1000); } /** * 获取过去的分钟 * * @param date * @return */ public static long pastMinutes(Date date) { long t = System.currentTimeMillis() - date.getTime(); return t / (60 * 1000); } /** * 获取两个日期之间的天数 * * @param before * @param after * @return */ public static double getDistanceOfTwoDate(Date before, Date after) { long beforeTime = before.getTime(); long afterTime = after.getTime(); return (afterTime - beforeTime) / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24); } /** * 获取某月有几天 * * @param date 日期 * @return 天数 */ public static int getMonthHasDays(Date date) { // String yyyyMM = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMM").format(date); String yyyyMM = FastDateFormat.getInstance("yyyyMM").format(date); String year = yyyyMM.substring(0, 4); String month = yyyyMM.substring(4, 6); String day31 = ",01,03,05,07,08,10,12,"; String day30 = "04,06,09,11"; int day = 0; if (day31.contains(month)) { day = 31; } else if (day30.contains(month)) { day = 30; } else { int y = Integer.parseInt(year); if ((y % 4 == 0 && (y % 100 != 0)) || y % 400 == 0) { day = 29; } else { day = 28; } } return day; } /** * 获取日期是当年的第几周 * * @param date * @return */ public static int getWeekOfYear(Date date) { Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance(); cal.setTime(date); return cal.get(Calendar.WEEK_OF_YEAR); } /** * 获取一天的开始时间(如:2015-11-3 00:00:00.000) * * @param date 日期 * @return */ public static Date getOfDayFirst(Date date) { if (date == null) { return null; } Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance(); calendar.setTime(date); calendar.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 0); calendar.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0); calendar.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0); calendar.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 0); return calendar.getTime(); } /** * 获取一天的最后时间(如:2015-11-3 23:59:59.999) * * @param date 日期 * @return */ public static Date getOfDayLast(Date date) { if (date == null) { return null; } Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance(); calendar.setTime(date); calendar.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 23); calendar.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 59); calendar.set(Calendar.SECOND, 59); calendar.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 999); return calendar.getTime(); } /** * 获取服务器启动时间 * * @param date * @return */ public static Date getServerStartDate() { long time = ManagementFactory.getRuntimeMXBean().getStartTime(); return new Date(time); } /** * 格式化为日期范围字符串 * * @param beginDate 2018-01-01 * @param endDate 2018-01-31 * @return 2018-01-01 ~ 2018-01-31 * @author ThinkGem */ public static String formatDateBetweenString(Date beginDate, Date endDate) { String begin = DateUtils.formatDate(beginDate); String end = DateUtils.formatDate(endDate); if (StringUtils.isNoneBlank(begin, end)) { return begin + " ~ " + end; } return null; } /** * 解析日期范围字符串为日期对象 * * @param dateString 2018-01-01 ~ 2018-01-31 * @return new Date[]{2018-01-01, 2018-01-31} * @author ThinkGem */ public static Date[] parseDateBetweenString(String dateString) { Date beginDate = null; Date endDate = null; if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(dateString)) { String[] ss = StringUtils.split(dateString, "~"); if (ss != null && ss.length == 2) { String begin = StringUtils.trim(ss[0]); String end = StringUtils.trim(ss[1]); if (StringUtils.isNoneBlank(begin, end)) { beginDate = DateUtils.parseDate(begin); endDate = DateUtils.parseDate(end); } } } return new Date[] { beginDate, endDate }; } public static String getToDay() { Date toDay = truncate(new Date(), Calendar.DATE); return formatDate(toDay); } public static String getTomorrow() { Date toDay = truncate(new Date(), Calendar.DATE); return formatDate( addDays(toDay, 1)); } /** * 获取 * 从今天往前beforeDay天到明天凌晨的时间范围,集合范围: [开始时间, 结束时间) * @return */ public static String[] getTodayDateRangeStrByTJY(int beforeDay) { Date[] dates = getTodayDateRange(beforeDay); String startDateStr = formatDate(dates[0], parsePatterns[1]); String endDateStr = formatDate(dates[1], parsePatterns[1]); return new String[] {startDateStr, endDateStr}; } public static Date strToDate(String strDate) { SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"); ParsePosition pos = new ParsePosition(0); Date strtodate = formatter.parse(strDate, pos); return strtodate; } }
HttpUtil.java
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import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.DataOutputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.URL; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; /** * http 工具类 */ public class HttpUtil { public static String post(String requestUrl, String accessToken, String params) throws Exception { String contentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"; return HttpUtil.post(requestUrl, accessToken, contentType, params); } public static String post(String requestUrl, String accessToken, String contentType, String params) throws Exception { String encoding = "UTF-8"; if (requestUrl.contains("nlp")) { encoding = "GBK"; } return HttpUtil.post(requestUrl, accessToken, contentType, params, encoding); } public static String post(String requestUrl, String accessToken, String contentType, String params, String encoding) throws Exception { String url = requestUrl + "?access_token=" + accessToken; return HttpUtil.postGeneralUrl(url, contentType, params, encoding); } public static String postGeneralUrl(String generalUrl, String contentType, String params, String encoding) throws Exception { URL url = new URL(generalUrl); // 打开和URL之间的连接 HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); connection.setRequestMethod("POST"); // 设置通用的请求属性 connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", contentType); connection.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive"); connection.setUseCaches(false); connection.setDoOutput(true); connection.setDoInput(true); // 得到请求的输出流对象 DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream()); out.write(params.getBytes(encoding)); out.flush(); out.close(); // 建立实际的连接 connection.connect(); // 获取所有响应头字段 Map<String, List<String>> headers = connection.getHeaderFields(); // 遍历所有的响应头字段 for (String key : headers.keySet()) { System.err.println(key + "--->" + headers.get(key)); } // 定义 BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应 BufferedReader in = null; in = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), encoding)); String result = ""; String getLine; while ((getLine = in.readLine()) != null) { result += getLine; } in.close(); System.err.println("result:" + result); return result; } }