httpd
httpd
1. httpd简介
httpd是Apache超文本传输协议(HTTP)服务器的主程序。被设计为一个独立运行的后台进程,它会建立一个处理请求的子进程或线程的池。
通常,httpd不应该被直接调用,而应该在类Unix系统中由apachectl调用,在Windows中作为服务运行。
2. httpd版本
本文主要介绍httpd的两大版本,httpd-2.2和httpd-2.4。
- CentOS6系列的版本默认提供的是httpd-2.2版本的rpm包
- CentOS7系列的版本默认提供的是httpd-2.4版本的rpm包
2.1 httpd的特性
httpd有很多特性,下面就分别来说说httpd-2.2版本和httpd-2.4版本各自的特性。
版本 | 特性 |
---|---|
2.2 | 事先创建进程 按需维持适当的进程 模块化设计,核心比较小,各种功能通过模块添加(包括PHP),支持运行时配置,支持单独编译模块 支持多种方式的虚拟主机配置,如基于ip的虚拟主机,基于端口的虚拟主机,基于域名的虚拟主机等 支持https协议(通过mod_ssl模块实现) 支持用户认证 支持基于IP或域名的ACL访问控制机制 支持每目录的访问控制(用户访问默认主页时不需要提供用户名和密码,但是用户访问某特定目录时需要提供用户名和密码) 支持URL重写 支持MPM(Multi Path Modules,多处理模块)。用于定义httpd的工作模型(单进程、单进程多线程、多进程、多进程单线程、多进程多线程) |
2.4 | httpd-2.4的新特性: MPM支持运行DSO机制(Dynamic Share Object,模块的动态装/卸载机制),以模块形式按需加载 支持event MPM,eventMPM模块生产环境可用 支持异步读写 支持每个模块及每个目录分别使用各自的日志级别 每个请求相关的专业配置,使用 |
工作模型 | 工作方式 |
---|---|
prefork | 多进程模型,预先生成进程,一个请求用一个进程响应 一个主进程负责生成n个子进程,子进程也称为工作进程 每个子进程处理一个用户请求,即使没有用户请求,也会预先生成多个空闲进程,随时等待请求到达,最大不会超过1024个 |
worker | 基于线程工作,一个请求用一个线程响应(启动多个进程,每个进程生成多个线程) |
event | 基于事件的驱动,一个进程处理多个请求 |
2.2 httpd-2.4新增的模块
httpd-2.4在之前的版本基础上新增了几大模块,下面就几个常用的来介绍一下。
模块 | 功能 |
---|---|
mod_proxy_fcgi | 反向代理时支持apache服务器后端协议的模块 |
mod_ratelimit | 提供速率限制功能的模块 |
mod_remoteip | 基于ip的访问控制机制被改变,不再支持使用Order,Deny,Allow来做基于IP的访问控制 |
3. httpd基础
3.1 httpd自带的工具程序
工具 | 功能 |
---|---|
htpasswd | basic认证基于文件实现时,用到的帐号密码生成工具 |
apachectl | httpd自带的服务控制脚本,支持start,stop,restart |
apxs | 由httpd-devel包提供的,扩展httpd使用第三方模块的工具 |
rotatelogs | 日志滚动工具 |
suexec | 访问某些有特殊权限配置的资源时,临时切换至指定用户运行的工具 |
ab | apache benchmark,httpd的压力测试工具 |
3.2 rpm包安装的httpd程序环境
文件/目录 | 对应的功能 |
---|---|
/var/log/httpd/access.log | 访问日志 |
/var/log/httpd/error_log | 错误日志 |
/var/www/html/ | 站点文档目录 |
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/ | 模块文件路径 |
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | 主配置文件 |
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/*.conf | 模块配置文件 |
/etc/httpd/conf.d/*.conf | 辅助配置文件 |
mpm:以DSO机制提供,配置文件为/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf
3.3 web相关的命令
3.3.1 curl命令
curl是基于URL语法在命令行方式下工作的文件传输工具,它支持FTP,FTPS,HTTP,HTTPS,GOPHER,TELNET,DICT,FILE及LDAP等协议。
curl支持以下功能:
- https认证
- http的POST/PUT等方法
- ftp上传
- kerberos认证
- http上传
- 代理服务器
- cookies
- 用户名/密码认证
- 下载文件断点续传
- socks5代理服务器
- 通过http代理服务器上传文件到ftp服务器
//语法:curl [options] [URL ...]
//常用的options:
-A/--user-agent <string> //设置用户代理发送给服务器
-basic //使用Http基本认证
--tcp-nodelay //使用TCP_NODELAY选项
-e/--referer <URL> //来源网址
--cacert <file> //CA证书(SSL)
--compressed //要求返回时压缩的格式
-H/--header <line> //自定义请求首部信息传递给服务器
-I/--head //只显示响应报文首部信息
--limit-rate <rate> //设置传输速度
-u/--user <user[:password]> //设置服务器的用户和密码
-0/--http1 //使用http 1.0版本,默认使用1.1版本。这个选项是数字0而不是字母o
-o/--output //把输出写到文件中
-#/--progress-bar //进度条显示当前的传送状态
//通过curl下载文件
[root@localhost ~]# ls
[root@localhost ~]# curl -o myblog.html http://blog.51cto.com/itchentao
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 67025 0 67025 0 0 87248 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 87385
[root@localhost ~]# ls
myblog.html
3.3.2 httpd命令
//语法:httpd [options]
//常用的options:
-l //查看静态编译的模块,列出核心中编译了哪些模块。 \
//它不会列出使用LoadModule指令动态加载的模块
-M //输出一个已经启用的模块列表,包括静态编译在服务 \
//器中的模块和作为DSO动态加载的模块
-v //显示httpd的版本,然后退出
-V //显示httpd和apr/apr-util的版本和编译参数,然后退出
-X //以调试模式运行httpd。仅启动一个工作进程,并且 \
//服务器不与控制台脱离
-t //检查配置文件是否有语法错误
[root@localhost ~]# httpd -l
Compiled in modules:
core.c
mod_so.c
http_core.c
[root@localhost ~]# httpd -M
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
Loaded Modules:
core_module (static)
so_module (static)
http_module (static)
access_compat_module (shared)
actions_module (shared)
alias_module (shared)
allowmethods_module (shared)
auth_basic_module (shared)
......
......
[root@localhost ~]# httpd -v
Server version: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)
Server built: Jun 27 2018 13:48:59
[root@localhost ~]# httpd -V
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
Server version: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)
Server built: Jun 27 2018 13:48:59
Server's Module Magic Number: 20120211:24
Server loaded: APR 1.4.8, APR-UTIL 1.5.2
Compiled using: APR 1.4.8, APR-UTIL 1.5.2
Architecture: 64-bit
Server MPM: prefork
threaded: no
forked: yes (variable process count)
Server compiled with....
-D APR_HAS_SENDFILE
-D APR_HAS_MMAP
-D APR_HAVE_IPV6 (IPv4-mapped addresses enabled)
-D APR_USE_SYSVSEM_SERIALIZE
-D APR_USE_PTHREAD_SERIALIZE
-D SINGLE_LISTEN_UNSERIALIZED_ACCEPT
-D APR_HAS_OTHER_CHILD
-D AP_HAVE_RELIABLE_PIPED_LOGS
-D DYNAMIC_MODULE_LIMIT=256
-D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd"
-D SUEXEC_BIN="/usr/sbin/suexec"
-D DEFAULT_PIDLOG="/run/httpd/httpd.pid"
-D DEFAULT_SCOREBOARD="logs/apache_runtime_status"
-D DEFAULT_ERRORLOG="logs/error_log"
-D AP_TYPES_CONFIG_FILE="conf/mime.types"
-D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf"
4. 编译安装httpd-2.4
httpd依赖于apr-1.4+,apr-util-1.4+,[apr-icon]
apr:apache portable runtime
//安装开发环境
[root@localhost ~]# yum groups mark install "Development Tools"
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd -r apache
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -g apache apache
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool
Loaded plugins: product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package openssl-devel.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-12.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: openssl-libs(x86-64) = 1:1.0.2k-12.el7 for package: 1:openssl-devel-1.0.2k-12.el7.x86_64
......
......
libselinux-utils.x86_64 0:2.5-12.el7 libsepol.x86_64 0:2.5-8.1.el7
libss.x86_64 0:1.42.9-12.el7_5 openssl.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-12.el7
openssl-libs.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-12.el7
Complete!
//下载并安装apr-1.4+和apr-util-1.4+
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@localhost src]# wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/apr/apr-1.6.5.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# ls
apr-1.6.5.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz debug kernels
[root@localhost src]# tar xf apr-1.6.5.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# ls
apr-1.6.5 apr-1.6.5.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1 apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz debug kernels
[root@localhost src]# cd apr-1.6.5
[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# vim configure
cfgfile="${ofile}T"
trap "$RM \"$cfgfile\"; exit 1" 1 2 15
# $RM "$cfgfile" //将此行加上注释,或者删除此行
[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
配置过程略...
[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# make && make install
编译安装过程略...
[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# cd /usr/src/apr-util-1.6.1
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
配置过程略...
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install
编译安装过程略...
//编译安装httpd
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.38.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# ls
httpd-2.4.38.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf httpd-2.4.38.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# cd httpd-2.4.38
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.38]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \
--sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 \
--enable-so \
--enable-ssl \
--enable-cgi \
--enable-rewrite \
--with-zlib \
--with-pcre \
--with-apr=/usr/local/apr \
--with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ \
--enable-modules=most \
--enable-mpms-shared=all \
--with-mpm=prefork
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.38]# make && make install
编译安装过程略...
5. httpd常用配置
切换使用MPM(编辑/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf文件):
//LoadModule mpm_NAME_module modules/mod_mpm_NAME.so
//NAME有三种,分别是:
prefork
event
worker
//用哪个工作模型就取消哪个的注释
[root@localhost conf.modules.d]# pwd
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d
[root@localhost conf.modules.d]# ls
00-base.conf 00-lua.conf 00-proxy.conf 01-cgi.conf
00-dav.conf 00-mpm.conf 00-systemd.conf
[root@localhost conf.modules.d]# vim 00-mpm.conf
# Select the MPM module which should be used by uncommenting exactly
# one of the following LoadModule lines:
# prefork MPM: Implements a non-threaded, pre-forking web server
# See: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/prefork.html
LoadModule mpm_prefork_module modules/mod_mpm_prefork.so //prefork
# worker MPM: Multi-Processing Module implementing a hybrid
# multi-threaded multi-process web server
# See: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/worker.html
#
#LoadModule mpm_worker_module modules/mod_mpm_worker.so //worker
# event MPM: A variant of the worker MPM with the goal of consuming
# threads only for connections with active processing
# See: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/event.html
#
#LoadModule mpm_event_module modules/mod_mpm_event.so //event
访问控制法则:
法则 | 功能 |
---|---|
Require all granted | 允许所有主机访问 |
Require all deny | 拒绝所有主机访问 |
Require ip IPADDR | 授权指定来源地址的主机访问 |
Require not ip IPADDR | 拒绝指定来源地址的主机访问 |
Require host HOSTNAME | 授权指定来源主机名的主机访问 |
Require not host HOSTNAME | 拒绝指定来源主机名的主机访问 |
IPADDR的类型 | HOSTNAME的类型 |
---|---|
IP:192.168.1.1 Network/mask:192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0 Network/Length:192.168.1.0/24 Net:192.168 | FQDN:特定主机的全名 DOMAIN:指定域内的所有主机 |
注意:httpd-2.4版本默认是拒绝所有主机访问的,所以安装以后必须做显示授权访问
示例:
<Directory /var/www/html/www>
<RequireAll>
Require not ip 192.168.1.20
Require all granted
</RequireAll>
</Directory>
6.虚拟主机配置
Apache 的虚拟主机功能是服务器基于用户请求的不同ip地址,主机域名或端口号,实现提供多个网站同时为外部提供访问服务的技术,用户请求资源不同,最终获取到的网页的内容也各不相同。
虚拟主机有三类:
- 相同IP不同端口
- 不同IP相同端口
- 相同IP相同端口不同域名
//设置主机名
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
#
# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
#
ServerName www.example.com:80 //取消这一行的注释(95行)
//创建网页目录,并修改属主和属组
[root@localhost conf.d]# mkdir -p /data/{www.a.com,www.b.com}
[root@localhost conf.d]# ls /data/
www.a.com www.b.com
[root@localhost conf.d]# chown -R apache.apache /data/www.a.com/
[root@localhost conf.d]# chown -R apache.apache /data/www.b.com/
[root@localhost conf.d]# ll /data/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 apache apache 6 May 11 10:19 www.a.com
drwxr-xr-x. 2 apache apache 6 May 11 10:19 www.b.com
//创建网页
[root@localhost conf.d]# echo 'here is www.a.com' > /data/www.a.com/index.html
[root@localhost conf.d]# echo 'here is www.b.com' > /data/www.b.com/index.html
//创建日志存放位置
[root@localhost httpd]# pwd
/var/log/httpd
[root@localhost httpd]# mkdir www.a.com www.b.com
[root@localhost httpd]# ls
www.a.com www.b.com
[root@localhost httpd]# chown -R apache.apache /var/log/httpd/
6.1 相同IP不同端口
服务器IP为192.168.32.125
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/
//找到httpd-vhosts.conf这个文件,按它的示例配置
[root@localhost conf.d]# find / -name *hosts.conf
/usr/share/doc/httpd-2.4.6/httpd-vhosts.conf
[root@localhost conf.d]# cp /usr/share/doc/httpd-2.4.6/httpd-vhosts.conf .
[root@localhost conf.d]# autoindex.conf httpd-vhosts.conf README userdir.conf welcome.conf
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim httpd-vhosts.conf
<VirtualHost *:@@Port@@>
ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com
DocumentRoot "@@ServerRoot@@/docs/dummy-host.example.com"
ServerName dummy-host.example.com
ServerAlias www.dummy-host.example.com
ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/dummy-host.example.com-error_log"
CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/dummy-host.example.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:@@Port@@>
ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host2.example.com
DocumentRoot "@@ServerRoot@@/docs/dummy-host2.example.com"
ServerName dummy-host2.example.com
ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/dummy-host2.example.com-error_log"
CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/dummy-host2.example.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
//使用同一个IP,一个用80端口一个用81端口
[root@localhost httpd]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/httpd-vhosts.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot "/data/www.a.com"
ServerName www.a.com
ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/www.a.com/error_log"
CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/www.a.com/access_log" common
<Directory /data/www.a.com>
<RequireAll>
Require all granted
</RequireAll>
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
Listen 81
<VirtualHost *:81>
DocumentRoot "/data/www.b.com"
ServerName www.b.com
ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/www.b.com/error_log"
CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/www.b.com/access_log" common
<Directory /data/www.b.com>
<RequireAll>
Require all granted
</RequireAll>
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
//检查语法,重启服务
[root@localhost httpd]# apachectl -t
Syntax OK
[root@localhost httpd]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost httpd]# ss -tanl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:80 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:81 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
另一台主机验证
//直接wget下载下来查看
[root@client ~]# wget 192.168.32.125
[root@client ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg index.html
[root@client ~]# cat index.html
here is www.a.com
//另一个端口访问
[root@client ~]# rm -rf index.*
[root@client ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg
[root@client ~]# wget 192.168.32.125:81
[root@client ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg index.html
[root@client ~]# cat index.html
here is www.b.com
6.2 不同IP相同端口
IP:192.168.32.125、192.168.32.126
//添加IP
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr add 192.168.32.126/24 dev eth0
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:39:18:a9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.32.125/24 brd 192.168.32.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.32.126/24 scope global secondary eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe39:18a9/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/httpd-vhosts.conf
<VirtualHost 192.168.32.125:80>
DocumentRoot "/data/www.a.com"
ServerName www.a.com
ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/www.a.com/error_log"
CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/www.a.com/access_log" common
<Directory /data/www.a.com>
<RequireAll>
Require all granted
</RequireAll>
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost 192.168.32.126:80>
DocumentRoot "/data/www.b.com"
ServerName www.b.com
ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/www.b.com/error_log"
CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/www.b.com/access_log" common
<Directory /data/www.b.com>
<RequireAll>
Require all granted
</RequireAll>
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
//检测语法,重启服务
[root@localhost ~]# apachectl -t
Syntax OK
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -tanl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:80 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
在另一台主机上验证
[root@client ~]# wget -O aaa 192.168.32.125
[root@client ~]# wget -O bbb 192.168.32.126
[root@client ~]# cat aaa
here is www.a.com
[root@client ~]# cat bbb
here is www.b.com
6.3 相同IP,相同端口,不同域名
服务器IP为192.168.32.125,端口都为80,
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/httpd-vhosts.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot "/data/www.a.com"
ServerName www.a.com
ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/www.a.com/error_log"
CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/www.a.com/access_log" common
<Directory /data/www.a.com>
<RequireAll>
Require all granted
</RequireAll>
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot "/data/www.b.com"
ServerName www.b.com
ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/www.b.com/error_log"
CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/www.b.com/access_log" common
<Directory /data/www.b.com>
<RequireAll>
Require all granted
</RequireAll>
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
[root@localhost ~]# apachectl -t
Syntax OK
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
生产环境中,域名解析后就可以通过域名访问了
//实验环境中,想要域名访问,需要做一下映射
//在客户端上验证
1.修改hosts文件
在/etc/hosts中添加如下两行
192.168.32.125 www.a.com
192.168.32.125 www.b.com
2.访问
[root@client ~]# ping www.a.com
PING www.a.com (192.168.32.125) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from www.a.com (192.168.32.125): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.329 ms
64 bytes from www.a.com (192.168.32.125): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.235 ms
64 bytes from www.a.com (192.168.32.125): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.227 ms
64 bytes from www.a.com (192.168.32.125): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.269 ms
64 bytes from www.a.com (192.168.32.125): icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.310 ms
^C
--- www.a.com ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4003ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.227/0.274/0.329/0.040 ms
[root@client ~]# wget -O aaa www.a.com
[root@client ~]# cat aaa
here is www.a.com
//在windows中访问
C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts中添加
192.168.32.125 www.a.com
192.168.32.125 www.b.com
6.4 ssl
配置https步骤:
生成证书
配置httpd.conf,取消以下内容的注释
LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so
Include /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
Include /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
在httpd-vhosts.conf中配置虚拟主机
在httpd-ssl.conf中配置证书的位置
检查配置文件是否有语法错误
启动或重启服务
CA证书脚本
#!/bin/bash
if [ $UID -ne 0 ];then
echo "请使用管理员执行"
exit
fi
read -p "输入省份名称:" province
read -p "输入城市名:" city
read -p "输入域名" domain
read -p "输入邮箱:" mail
yum -y -q install expect
cd /etc/pki/CA
if [ ! -f /etc/pki/CA/cakey.pem ];then
(umask 077;openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048)
/usr/bin/expect <<EOF
spawn openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 365
expect {
"Country Name (2 letter code)"; {send "CN\r";exp_continue}
"State or Province Name"; {send "$province\r";exp_continue}
"Locality Name"; {send "$city\r";exp_continue}
"Organization Name"; {send "$domain\r";exp_continue}
"Organizational Unit Name"; {send "$domain\r";exp_continue}
"Common Name*"; {send "$domain\r";exp_continue}
"Email Address"; {send "$mail\r"}
}
expect eof
EOF
fi
mkdir -p /etc/pki/CA/{certs,newcerts,crl}
touch index.txt && echo 01 > serial
#c) 客户端(例如httpd服务器)生成密钥
cd /tmp
if [ ! -f /tmp/${domain}.key ];then
(umask 077;openssl genrsa -out ${domain}.key 2048)
fi
/usr/bin/expect <<EOF
spawn openssl req -new -key ${domain}.key -days 365 -out ${domain}.csr
expect {
"Country Name (2 letter code)"; {send "CN\r";exp_continue}
"State or Province Name"; {send "$province\r";exp_continue}
"Locality Name"; {send "$city\r";exp_continue}
"Organization Name"; {send "$domain\r";exp_continue}
"Organizational Unit Name"; {send "$domain\r";exp_continue}
"Common Name*"; {send "$domain\r";exp_continue}
"Email Address"; {send "$mail\r";exp_continue}
"A challenge password"; {send "\r";exp_continue}
"An optional company name"; {send "\r"}
}
expect eof
EOF
# dd) 客户端生成证书签署请求
# e)客户端把.csr证书签署的请求文件发送给CA
# f)CA签署客户端提交上来的证书
if [ -f /tmp/${domain}.csr ];then
/usr/bin/expect <<EOF
spawn openssl ca -in /tmp/$domain.csr -out /tmp$domain.crt -days 365
expect {
"Sign the certificate?" {send "y\r";exp_continue}
"*certified, commit?" {send "y\r"}
}
expect eof
EOF
else
echo "/tmp/${domain}.csr is not exists"
exit
fi
echo "证书放在/tmp目录下,信息如下:
${domain}.crt
${domain}.key
"