Python 操作MySQL
本篇对于Python操作MySQL主要使用两种方式:
- 原生模块 pymsql
- ORM框架 SQLAchemy
pymsql
pymsql是Python中操作MySQL的模块,其使用方法和MySQLdb几乎相同。
下载安装
1 pip3 install pymysql
使用操作
1、执行SQL
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#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import pymysql # 创建连接 conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='123', db='t1') # 创建游标 cursor = conn.cursor() # 执行SQL,并返回收影响行数 effect_row = cursor.execute("update hosts set host = '1.1.1.2'") # 执行SQL,并返回受影响行数 #effect_row = cursor.execute("update hosts set host = '1.1.1.2' where nid > %s", (1,)) # 执行SQL,并返回受影响行数 #effect_row = cursor.executemany("insert into hosts(host,color_id)values(%s,%s)", [("1.1.1.11",1),("1.1.1.11",2)]) # 提交,不然无法保存新建或者修改的数据 conn.commit() # 关闭游标 cursor.close() # 关闭连接 conn.close()
2、获取新创建数据自增ID
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#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import pymysql conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='123', db='t1') cursor = conn.cursor() cursor.executemany("insert into hosts(host,color_id)values(%s,%s)", [("1.1.1.11",1),("1.1.1.11",2)]) conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close() # 获取最新自增ID new_id = cursor.lastrowid
3、获取查询数据
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#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import pymysql conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='123', db='t1') cursor = conn.cursor() cursor.execute("select * from hosts") # 获取第一行数据 row_1 = cursor.fetchone() # 获取前n行数据 # row_2 = cursor.fetchmany(3) # 获取所有数据 # row_3 = cursor.fetchall() conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close()
注:在fetch数据时按照顺序进行,可以使用cursor.scroll(num,mode)来移动游标位置,如:
- cursor.scroll(1,mode='relative') # 相对当前位置移动
- cursor.scroll(2,mode='absolute') # 相对绝对位置移动
4、fetch数据类型
关于默认获取的数据是元祖类型,如果想要或者字典类型的数据,即:
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#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import pymysql conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='123', db='t1') # 游标设置为字典类型 cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) r = cursor.execute("call p1()") result = cursor.fetchone() conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close()