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5.8 数据库多表查询

多表连接查询

 

交叉连接:

  不适用任何匹配条件。生成笛卡尔积、

select * from employee1 ,department;

内连接:

  找两张表共有的部分,相当于利用条件从笛卡尔积结果中筛选出了正确的结果。(只连接匹配的行)

  简单来说: 取交集

select * from employee1,department where employee1.dep_id=department.id;
select * from employee1 inner join department on employee1.dep_id=department.id;

左连接:

  优先显示左表全部记录。

  返回包括 左表 中的 所有记录 和 右表 中 联结字段 相等的记录

#左链接:在按照on的条件取到两张表共同部分的基础上,保留左表的记录
select * from employee1 left join department on department.id=employee1.dep_id;   # department(右表)  employee1(左表) 
select * from department left join employee1 on department.id=employee1.dep_id;

右链接:

  优先显示右表全部记录。

  返回包括 右表 中的所有记录 和 左表 中联结字段相等的记录

#右链接:在按照on的条件取到两张表共同部分的基础上,保留右表的记录
select * from employee1 right join department on department.id=employee1.dep_id;  # department(右表)  employee1(左表)
select * from department right join employee1 on department.id=employee1.dep_id;

  ps: 

    关于傻傻分不清除左右表的额外说明:

      不论什么关键字(left/right join)的左边就是左表,关键字右边就是右表

    比如:

      a left/right b 

      a 为左表,b 为右表

全外连接:

  显示左右两个表的全部记录。

  注意:mysql不支持全外连接 full join,但是mysql可以使用union间接实现全外连接

select * from employee1 left join department on department.id=employee1.dep_id
union
select * from employee1 right join department on department.id=employee1.dep_id; 

符合条件连接查询

# 示例1:以内连接的方式查询employee和department表,并且employee表中的age字段值必须大于25,
# 即找出公司所有部门中年龄大于25岁的员工
select * from employee1 inner join department on employee1.dep_id=department.id and age>25;
 

# 示例2:以内连接的方式查询employee和department表,并且以age字段的升序方式显示
select * from employee1 inner join department on employee1.dep_id=department.id and age>25 order by age asc;

子查询

#1:子查询是将一个查询语句嵌套在另一个查询语句中。
#2:内层查询语句的查询结果,可以为外层查询语句提供查询条件。
#3:子查询中可以包含:INNOT INANYALLEXISTSNOT EXISTS等关键字
#4:还可以包含比较运算符:=!=><
#查询平均年龄在25岁以上的部门名
select name from department where id in (
select dep_id from employee group by dep_id having avg(age) > 25
);

#查看技术部员工姓名
select name from employee where dep_id = (select id from department where name='技术'); #查看小于2人的部门名 select name from department where id in ( select dep_id from employee1 group by dep_id having count(id) < 2 ) union select name from department where id not in (select distinct dep_id from employee1); #提取空部门 #有人的部门 select * from department where id not in (select distinct dep_id from employee1); 或者: select name from department where id in ( select dep_id from employee1 group by dep_id having count(id) < 2 union select id from department where id not in (select distinct dep_id from employee1); );

 

posted @ 2019-02-01 01:28  羊驼之歌  阅读(159)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报