Hadoop（九）HDFS Shell操作

Shell操作

一、基本语法

hadoop fs 具体命令

hdfs dfs 具体命令

二、命令大全

[user@hadoop102 ~]$ hadoop fs
Usage: hadoop fs [generic options]
	[-appendToFile <localsrc> ... <dst>]
	[-cat [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
	[-checksum <src> ...]
	[-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...]
	[-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH...]
	[-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH...]
	[-copyFromLocal [-f] [-p] [-l] [-d] [-t <thread count>] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
	[-copyToLocal [-f] [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
	[-count [-q] [-h] [-v] [-t [<storage type>]] [-u] [-x] [-e] <path> ...]
	[-cp [-f] [-p | -p[topax]] [-d] <src> ... <dst>]
	[-createSnapshot <snapshotDir> [<snapshotName>]]
	[-deleteSnapshot <snapshotDir> <snapshotName>]
	[-df [-h] [<path> ...]]
	[-du [-s] [-h] [-v] [-x] <path> ...]
	[-expunge]
	[-find <path> ... <expression> ...]
	[-get [-f] [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
	[-getfacl [-R] <path>]
	[-getfattr [-R] {-n name | -d} [-e en] <path>]
	[-getmerge [-nl] [-skip-empty-file] <src> <localdst>]
	[-head <file>]
	[-help [cmd ...]]
	[-ls [-C] [-d] [-h] [-q] [-R] [-t] [-S] [-r] [-u] [-e] [<path> ...]]
	[-mkdir [-p] <path> ...]
	[-moveFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>]
	[-moveToLocal <src> <localdst>]
	[-mv <src> ... <dst>]
	[-put [-f] [-p] [-l] [-d] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
	[-renameSnapshot <snapshotDir> <oldName> <newName>]
	[-rm [-f] [-r|-R] [-skipTrash] [-safely] <src> ...]
	[-rmdir [--ignore-fail-on-non-empty] <dir> ...]
	[-setfacl [-R] [{-b|-k} {-m|-x <acl_spec>} <path>]|[--set <acl_spec> <path>]]
	[-setfattr {-n name [-v value] | -x name} <path>]
	[-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path> ...]
	[-stat [format] <path> ...]
	[-tail [-f] [-s <sleep interval>] <file>]
	[-test -[defsz] <path>]
	[-text [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
	[-touch [-a] [-m] [-t TIMESTAMP ] [-c] <path> ...]
	[-touchz <path> ...]
	[-truncate [-w] <length> <path> ...]
	[-usage [cmd ...]]

三、常用命令

1、准备工作
（1）启动Hadoop集群

[user@hadoop102 ~]$ myhadoop.sh start

（2）创建/sanguo文件夹

[user@hadoop102 ~]$ hadoop fs -mkdir /sanguo

2、常用上传命令

命令	说明
-moveFromLocal	从本地剪切粘贴到HDFS
-copyFromLocal	从本地文件系统中拷贝文件到HDFS路径去
-put	等同于-copyFromLocal
-appendToFile	追加一个文件到已经存在的文件末尾

[user@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -moveFromLocal ./shuguo.txt /sanguo 
[user@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -copyFromLocal ./weiguo.txt /sanguo
[user@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -put ./wuguo.txt /sanguo
[user@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -appendToFile ./liubei.txt /sanguo/shuguo.txt

追加文件结果：

3、常用下载命令

命令	说明
-copyToLocal	从HDFS拷贝到本地
-get	等同于-copyToLocal

[user@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -copyToLocal /sanguo/shuguo.txt ./
[user@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -get /sanguo/shuguo.txt ./shuguo2.txt

4、常用直接操作

命令	说明
-ls	显示目录信息
-cat	显示文件内容
-chgrp、-chmod、-chown	与linux文件系统用法一样，修改文件所属权限
-mkdir	创建路径
-cp	从HDFS的一个路径拷贝到HDFS的另一个路径
-mv	在HDFS目录中移动文件
-tail	显示一个文件的末尾1kb的数据（最末尾的文件是最新的信息）
-rm	删除文件或文件夹
-rm -r	递归删除目录及目录里面的内容
-du	统计文件夹的大小信息，在其后添加'-s''-h'，-s表示汇总指定目录的大小，不显示子目录或文件的大小，-h选项表示以易读的格式显示大小
-setrep	设置HDFS中文件的副本数量

[user@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -ls /sanguo
Found 3 items
-rw-r--r--   3 user supergroup         15 2024-09-13 18:49 /sanguo/shuguo.txt
-rw-r--r--   3 user supergroup          7 2024-09-13 18:43 /sanguo/weiguo.txt
-rw-r--r--   3 user supergroup          6 2024-09-13 18:47 /sanguo/wuguo.txt
[user@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -cat /sanguo/shuguo.txt
2024-09-13 19:04:38,127 INFO sasl.SaslDataTransferClient: SASL encryption trust check: localHostTrusted = false, remoteHostTrusted = false
shuoguo
liubei
[user@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -chown user:user /sanguo/shuguo.txt
[user@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -mkdir /jinguo
[user@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -cp /sanguo/shuguo.txt /jinguo
[user@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -mv /sanguo/weiguo.txt /jinguo
[user@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -mv /sanguo/wuguo.txt /jinguo
[user@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -tail /jinguo/shuguo.txt
2024-09-13 19:21:04,653 INFO sasl.SaslDataTransferClient: SASL encryption trust check: localHostTrusted = false, remoteHostTrusted = false
shuoguo
liubei
[user@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -rm /sanguo/shuguo.txt
Deleted /sanguo/shuguo.txt
[user@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -rm -r /sanguo
Deleted /sanguo
[user@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -du -s -h /jinguo
28  84  /jinguo
[user@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -du -h /jinguo
15  45  /jinguo/shuguo.txt
7   21  /jinguo/weiguo.txt
6   18  /jinguo/wuguo.txt
[user@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -setrep 10 /jinguo/shuguo.txt
Replication 10 set: /jinguo/shuguo.txt