微信扫一扫接口的调用
先
说明本人是个新手,负责人要求我在公司的微信公众号H5界面中添加一个扫一扫功能,这对于我来说还是个不小的挑战,因为之前的公众号开发大部分都是公司的前辈的开发的。对于微信接口的使用,我一点都不熟悉。
废话少说,现在我分享一下调用微信扫一扫的过程及代码,系统框架采用的是SSH框架。
开发扫一扫的满足条件:
一、需要微信公众号的APP_ID
二、需要微信公众号的开发者密码AppSecret(如何查看AppSecreti:开发-基本配置-开发者密码-重置 管理员扫码即可看到)
三、需要一个内网穿透的软件,我使用的是natapp
四、在微信公众号中将自己的本机Ip添加到IP白名单中
满足以上条件,那么我们就可以进行微信扫一扫的接口调用
首先创建微信配置工具类(部分代码是来自网上的大牛们的代码,由于浏览了几天几夜的网页,具体是谁的我也搞不清了)
微信签名类
package com.item.config; import java.util.UUID; import java.util.Map; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Formatter; import java.security.MessageDigest; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; public class Sign { /* public static void main(String[] args) { //获取ticket String ticket = WxUtils.getTicket(); // 注意 URL 一定要动态获取,不能 hardcode String url = "http://"+WxUtils.APP_DOMAIN+"/RAFFLE/gotoLetter"; Map<String, String> ret = sign(ticket, url); for (Map.Entry entry : ret.entrySet()) { System.out.println(entry.getKey() + ", " + entry.getValue()); } }*/ /** * 用于微信签名 * //签名生成规则如下:参与签名的字段包括noncestr(随机字符串), 有效的jsapi_ticket, timestamp(时间戳), url(当前网页的URL,不包含#及其后面部分) * @param jsapi_ticket * @param url 当前网页的URL,不包含#及其后面部分 * @return */ public static Map<String, String> sign(String jsapi_ticket, String url) { Map<String, String> ret = new HashMap<String, String>(); //保证每次请求的签名都不一样 String nonce_str = create_nonce_str(); String timestamp = create_timestamp(); String string1; String signature = ""; //注意这里参数名必须全部小写,且必须有序 string1 = "jsapi_ticket=" + jsapi_ticket + "&noncestr=" + nonce_str + "×tamp=" + timestamp + "&url=" + url; System.out.println(string1); try { MessageDigest crypt = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1"); crypt.reset(); crypt.update(string1.getBytes("UTF-8")); signature = byteToHex(crypt.digest()); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } ret.put("url", url); ret.put("jsapi_ticket", jsapi_ticket); ret.put("nonceStr", nonce_str); ret.put("timestamp", timestamp); ret.put("signature", signature); return ret; } private static String byteToHex(final byte[] hash) { Formatter formatter = new Formatter(); for (byte b : hash) { formatter.format("%02x", b); } String result = formatter.toString(); formatter.close(); return result; } /** * 创建随机字符串 * @return */ private static String create_nonce_str() { return UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", ""); } /** * 创建随机时间戳,保证每次的都不一样 * @return */ private static String create_timestamp() { return Long.toString(System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000); } }
获取微信Ticket类
package com.item.config; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import java.net.URLConnection; import net.sf.json.JSONObject; public class WxUtils { private static String APP_ID = "填写你的APP_ID"; private static String AppSecret = "填写你的Sercret"; public static String APP_DOMAIN ="填写你的域名比如xx.com"; public static String getTicket(){ //grant_type:获取access_token填写client_credential || appid:第三方用户唯一凭证 || secret:第三方用户唯一凭证密钥 String urlToken="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid="+APP_ID+"&secret="+AppSecret+""; String backToken = sendGet(urlToken,"utf-8",60000); System.out.println("token:"+backToken); String accessToken = (String) JSONObject.fromObject(backToken).get("access_token"); String url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/ticket/getticket?access_token="+accessToken+"&type=jsapi"; String backTicket = sendGet(url,"utf-8",60000); System.out.println("Ticket:"+backTicket); String ticket = (String) JSONObject.fromObject(backTicket).get("ticket"); return ticket; } /** * * @title getAccessToken * @Description 获取访问令牌 * @Date 2018-5-18上午11:07:18 * @return */ public static String getAccessToken(){ String url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid="+APP_ID+"&secret="+AppSecret+""; String backData = sendGet(url,"utf-8",10000); String accessToken = (String) JSONObject.fromObject(backData).get("access_token"); return accessToken; } /** * * @title sendGet * @Description * @param url * @param charset * @param timeout * @return */ public static String sendGet(String url, String charset, int timeout) { String result = ""; try { URL u = new URL(url); try { URLConnection conn = u.openConnection(); conn.connect(); conn.setConnectTimeout(timeout); BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream(), charset)); String line=""; while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) { result = result + line; } in.close(); } catch (IOException e) { return result; } } catch (MalformedURLException e) { return result; } return result; } }
ScanAction类:进行微信签名并存入Map中
package com.code.action.front; import java.util.Map; import com.code.action.BaseAction; import com.item.config.Sign; import com.item.config.WxUtils; public class ScanAction extends BaseAction { private Map<String, String> sign; /*public static void main(String[] args) { // 获取ticket数据 String jsapi_ticket = WxUtils.getTicket(); String url = "http://" + WxUtils.APP_DOMAIN + "/调用微信接口所在的路径下的jsp文件,由于我使用的是通过action进行跳转,那么对应的就是写你跳转到该网页的Action"; Map<String, String> sign = Sign.sign(jsapi_ticket, url); for (Map.Entry entry : sign.entrySet()) { System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "," + entry.getValue()); } }*/ /** * 进行微信签名并存入Map中,在再跳转到前端中,Map对象的值通过EL表达式进行获取对象的值 * @author chenbufu * @return */ public String getWxConfig() { System.out.println("获取微信配置"); // 获取ticket数据 String jsapi_ticket = WxUtils.getTicket(); String url = "http://" + WxUtils.APP_DOMAIN + "/项目名/xx.action"; sign = Sign.sign(jsapi_ticket, url); for (Map.Entry entry : sign.entrySet()) { System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "," + entry.getValue()); } System.out.println("----------" + jsapi_ticket); return "success"; } public Map<String, String> getSign() { return sign; } public void setSign(Map<String, String> sign) { this.sign = sign; } }
跳转到前端代码:
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>管理</title> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/pub/js/imgbox/css/lrtk.css" type="text/css" media="all" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/pub/js/imgbox/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/pub/js/imgbox/jquery.imgbox.pack.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/pub/css/bg/style.css" type="text/css" media="all" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/pub/js/jquery.idTabs.min.js"></script> </head> <body style="margin:0px;padding:0px;overflow:hidden;padding-top:5px;widht:320px;"> 《!--用于测试传递过来的参数 <table> <tr> <td>jsapi_ticket:</td> <td>${sign.jsapi_ticket}</td> </tr> <tr> <td>url:</td> <td>${sign.url}</td> </tr> <tr> <td>nonceStr:</td> <td>${sign.nonceStr}</td> </tr> <tr> <td>timestamp:</td> <td>"${sign.timestamp}"</td> </tr> <tr> <td>signature:</td> <td>${sign.signature}</td> </tr> </table>
--》
<h3 id="menu-scan">微信扫一扫</h3> <span class="desc">调起微信扫一扫接口</span> <button class="btn btn_primary" id="scanQRCode0">scanQRCode(微信处理结果)</button> <button class="btn btn_primary" id="scanQRCode1">scanQRCode(直接返回结果)</button> </body> <script src="https://res.wx.qq.com/open/js/jweixin-1.2.0.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> wx.config({ debug : true, appId : 'wx808ff7c908d83c7c',//必填 timestamp : "${sign.timestamp}",//必填 nonceStr : "${sign.nonceStr}",//必填 signature : "${sign.signature}",//必填 jsApiList : [ 'checkJsApi', 'scanQRCode' ]//调用的接口,必填 }); //end_config alert(location.href.split('#')[0]); wx.error(function(res) { alert("出错了:" + res.errMsg); }); // 9 微信原生接口 // 9.1.1 扫描二维码直接跳转 document.querySelector('#scanQRCode0').onclick = function () { wx.scanQRCode(); }; // 9.1.2 扫描二维码并返回结果 document.querySelector('#scanQRCode1').onclick = function () { wx.scanQRCode({ needResult: 1, desc: 'scanQRCode desc', success: function (res) { alert(JSON.stringify(res)); } }); }; </script> </html>
如果报config: invalid signature..请点击此参考连接进行排查错误:https://www.cnblogs.com/buoge/p/4522666.html
我之前一直卡在config: invalid signature 这个报错过程中,通过在script代码块中输入alert(location.href.split('#')[0]);语句,发现与我后台的url地址不同,后台写的是具体的jsp路径,而前台打印的是具体的action跳转,于是我把后台的url改成action跳转后就没报错了。