301. Remove Invalid Parentheses

Remove the minimum number of invalid parentheses in order to make the input string valid. Return all possible results.

Note: The input string may contain letters other than the parentheses ( and ).

Example 1:

Input: "()())()"
Output: ["()()()", "(())()"]

Example 2:

Input: "(a)())()"
Output: ["(a)()()", "(a())()"]

Example 3:

Input: ")("
Output: [""]

FB超级高频题,题目含义是去掉输入字符串中的最少数目的不合法括号,使其成为合法字符串。注意字符串中可能有其他字母。

去掉最少的合法字符,且返回有多种可能,很容易想到用bfs或者dfs来做。其中使用bfs来做,主要思路是将字符串依次去掉一个字符,看是否合法,如果已经合法,就在这个长度的level上操作,不在进行下一层括号去除。代码如何:

class Solution(object):
    def removeInvalidParentheses(self, s):
        """
        :type s: str
        :rtype: List[str]
        """
        if s == "":
            return [""]
        res = []
        self.remove(s, res)
        return res   
    
    
    def isParenthese(self, c):
        if c == '(' or c == ')':
            return True
        else:
            return False 
    
    def isValid(self, s):
        cnt = 0
        for c in s:
            if c == ')':
                cnt -= 1
                if cnt < 0:
                    return False
            elif c == '(':
                cnt += 1
        return cnt == 0
    
    def remove(self, s, res):
        queue = collections.deque()
        queue.append(s)
        used = set()
        curlevel = False
        while queue:
            cur = queue.popleft()
            if self.isValid(cur):
                res.append(cur)
          #important curlevel
= True if curlevel: #important, no process next level continue for i in xrange(len(cur)): if self.isParenthese(cur[i]): sub = cur[:i] + cur[i+1:] if sub not in used: queue.append(sub) used.add(sub) return

可以看到这种写法,在bfs的每层尝试去掉一个单边括号,判断是否合法,如果合法则加入字符串到结果中。同时为了避免重复,在每一层之前已经对某字符串进行处理,后面就需要避免对该字符串进行重复处理,同时也避免了最后重复结果的出现。

这种解法的复杂度分析:最坏是需要处理该字符串的每一层,直到最后,按每层来进行下计算:

1. n*C(n, n)

2.(n-1)*C(n,n-1)

3.(n-2)C(n, n-1)C(n-1, n-2)= (n-2)*C(n, n-2)

依次类推,所以最后的复杂度为:

n*C(n, n) + (n-1)*C(n,n-1) + (n-2)*C(n, n-2)+....+1*C(n,1) = n*(C(n-1,n-1)+C(n-1, n-2)+....C(n-1,1)) = n *2^(n-1)

 这题还有一种dfs的最优解法:详见:https://leetcode.com/problems/remove-invalid-parentheses/discuss/75027/Easy-Short-Concise-and-Fast-Java-DFS-3-ms-solution 复杂度需要分析。

另常考版是返回第一个valid的:详见:https://github.com/tongzhang1994/Facebook-Interview-Coding/blob/master/301.%20Remove%20Invalid%20Parentheses.java

具体思路是正方向扫一次,反方向再扫一次 python代码如下:

class Solution(object):
    def removeInvalidParentheses(self, s):
        """
        only need to return one situation
        :type s: str
        :rtype: str
        """
        if s == "":
            return s
        s = self.removeParentheses(s, ['(', ')'])
        s = self.removeParentheses(s[::-1], [')', '('])[::-1]
        return s

    def removeParentheses(self, s, pair):
        cnt = 0
        new_s = []
        for c in s:
            if c == pair[0]:
                cnt += 1
                new_s.append(c)
            elif c == pair[1]:
                cnt -= 1
                if cnt >= 0:
                    new_s.append(c)
                else:
                    cnt = 0
            else:
                new_s.append(c)
            print cnt
        return "".join(new_s)

 

posted on 2018-09-21 21:27  Sheryl Wang  阅读(211)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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