301. Remove Invalid Parentheses
Remove the minimum number of invalid parentheses in order to make the input string valid. Return all possible results.
Note: The input string may contain letters other than the parentheses (
and )
.
Example 1:
Input: "()())()" Output: ["()()()", "(())()"]
Example 2:
Input: "(a)())()" Output: ["(a)()()", "(a())()"]
Example 3:
Input: ")(" Output: [""]
FB超级高频题,题目含义是去掉输入字符串中的最少数目的不合法括号,使其成为合法字符串。注意字符串中可能有其他字母。
去掉最少的合法字符,且返回有多种可能,很容易想到用bfs或者dfs来做。其中使用bfs来做,主要思路是将字符串依次去掉一个字符,看是否合法,如果已经合法,就在这个长度的level上操作,不在进行下一层括号去除。代码如何:
class Solution(object): def removeInvalidParentheses(self, s): """ :type s: str :rtype: List[str] """ if s == "": return [""] res = [] self.remove(s, res) return res def isParenthese(self, c): if c == '(' or c == ')': return True else: return False def isValid(self, s): cnt = 0 for c in s: if c == ')': cnt -= 1 if cnt < 0: return False elif c == '(': cnt += 1 return cnt == 0 def remove(self, s, res): queue = collections.deque() queue.append(s) used = set() curlevel = False while queue: cur = queue.popleft() if self.isValid(cur): res.append(cur)
#important curlevel = True if curlevel: #important, no process next level continue for i in xrange(len(cur)): if self.isParenthese(cur[i]): sub = cur[:i] + cur[i+1:] if sub not in used: queue.append(sub) used.add(sub) return
可以看到这种写法,在bfs的每层尝试去掉一个单边括号,判断是否合法,如果合法则加入字符串到结果中。同时为了避免重复,在每一层之前已经对某字符串进行处理,后面就需要避免对该字符串进行重复处理,同时也避免了最后重复结果的出现。
这种解法的复杂度分析:最坏是需要处理该字符串的每一层,直到最后,按每层来进行下计算:
1. n*C(n, n)
2.(n-1)*C(n,n-1)
3.(n-2)C(n, n-1)C(n-1, n-2)= (n-2)*C(n, n-2)
依次类推,所以最后的复杂度为:
n*C(n, n) + (n-1)*C(n,n-1) + (n-2)*C(n, n-2)+....+1*C(n,1) = n*(C(n-1,n-1)+C(n-1, n-2)+....C(n-1,1)) = n *2^(n-1)
这题还有一种dfs的最优解法:详见:https://leetcode.com/problems/remove-invalid-parentheses/discuss/75027/Easy-Short-Concise-and-Fast-Java-DFS-3-ms-solution 复杂度需要分析。
另常考版是返回第一个valid的:详见:https://github.com/tongzhang1994/Facebook-Interview-Coding/blob/master/301.%20Remove%20Invalid%20Parentheses.java
具体思路是正方向扫一次,反方向再扫一次 python代码如下:
class Solution(object): def removeInvalidParentheses(self, s): """ only need to return one situation :type s: str :rtype: str """ if s == "": return s s = self.removeParentheses(s, ['(', ')']) s = self.removeParentheses(s[::-1], [')', '('])[::-1] return s def removeParentheses(self, s, pair): cnt = 0 new_s = [] for c in s: if c == pair[0]: cnt += 1 new_s.append(c) elif c == pair[1]: cnt -= 1 if cnt >= 0: new_s.append(c) else: cnt = 0 else: new_s.append(c) print cnt return "".join(new_s)
posted on 2018-09-21 21:27 Sheryl Wang 阅读(213) 评论(0) 编辑 收藏 举报