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MySQL多实例安装

一、什么是多实例以及优缺点

1、什么是多实例

就是在一台服务器上开启多个不同的服务端口,比如3306、3307、3308...,运行多个不同的MySQL服务。

这些MySQL多实例共用一套安装程序,使用不同(也可以相同)的配置文件、启动程序、数据文件;多实例对硬件资源的获取通过配置文件来指定。

2、多实例的优缺点

  • 优点

可以有效利用服务器资源。当单个服务器资源充足时,可以充分利用剩余资源;节约资源。需要独立的数据库服务,并且需要主从同步的情况下。

  • 缺点

当某一个实例消耗大量的CPU、内存时会影响其它实例提供的服务质量。

3、多实例应用场景

  • 需要数据库单独提供服务,并且需要进行主从同步
  • 服务并发量不大,服务器的资源很充足

二、多实例的安装 

(一)准备工作

1、关闭单实例服务

在进行多实例安装时,先看看服务器上是否还有MySQL服务,如果有停掉它:

# 查看mysql服务
[root@hadoop-slave1 support-files]# ps -ef | grep mysql
root      44428      1  0 Aug08 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /application/mysql-5.5.32/bin/mysqld_safe 
                                  --datadir=/application/mysql-5.5.32/data
                                  --pid-file=/application/mysql-5.5.32/data/hadoop-slave1.pid mysql 44671 44428 0 Aug08 pts/0 00:00:14 /application/mysql-5.5.32/bin/mysqld --basedir=/application/mysql-5.5.32
                                  --datadir=/application/mysql-5.5.32/data
                                  --plugin-dir=/application/mysql-5.5.32/lib/plugin --user=mysql
                                  --log-error=/application/mysql-5.5.32/data/hadoop-slave1.err
                                  --pid-file=/application/mysql-5.5.32/data/hadoop-slave1.pid
                                  --socket=/application/mysql-5.5.32/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306 root 51080 2397 0 04:00 pts/0 00:00:00 mysql -uroot -p root 54564 18054 0 10:01 pts/2 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql # 停掉服务 [root@hadoop-slave1 support-files]# pkill mysqld # 再次查看 [root@hadoop-slave1 support-files]# ps -ef | grep mysql root 51080 2397 0 04:00 pts/0 00:00:00 mysql -uroot -p root 54642 18054 0 10:05 pts/2 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql

2、删除启动的文件

# 后续无需此种启动方式
[root@hadoop-slave1 support-files]# rm -f /etc/init.d/mysqld 

(二)多实例配置

1、建立对应的目录

[root@hadoop-slave1 /]# mkdir -p /data/{3306,3307}/data

可看到生成的目录结构:

[root@hadoop-slave1 /]# tree data
data                       #总的实例目录
├── 3306             #3306实例目录
│   └── data         #3306实例的数据文件目录
└── 3307            # 3307实例目录
    └── data         #3307实例的数据文件目录

4 directories, 0 files        

2、my.cnf文件配置

在3306和3307目录下分别建立my.cnf文件:

[root@hadoop-slave1 /]# tree /data
/data
├── 3306
│   ├── data
│   └── my.cnf   #3306配置文件
└── 3307
    ├── data
    └── my.cnf  #3307配置文件

4 directories, 2 files

其中,3306端口下的my.cnf文件为:

[client]
port            = 3306
socket          = /data/3306/mysql.sock

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash

[mysqld]
user    = mysql
port    = 3306
socket  = /data/3306/mysql.sock
basedir = /application/mysql-5.5.32  #先进行单实例安装,此为单实例的安装目录
datadir = /data/3306/data
open_files_limit    = 1024
back_log = 600
max_connections = 800
max_connect_errors = 3000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet =8M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 100
thread_concurrency = 2
query_cache_size = 2M
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
#default_table_type = InnoDB
thread_stack = 192K
#transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 2M
max_heap_table_size = 2M
long_query_time = 1
#log_long_format
#log-error = /data/3306/error.log
#log-slow-queries = /data/3306/slow.log
pid-file = /data/3306/mysql.pid
log-bin = /data/3306/mysql-bin
relay-log = /data/3306/relay-bin
relay-log-info-file = /data/3306/relay-log.info
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_size = 2M
expire_logs_days = 7
key_buffer_size = 16M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M
#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M
#myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
#myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G
#myisam_repair_threads = 1
#myisam_recover

lower_case_table_names = 1
skip-name-resolve
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062
replicate-ignore-db=mysql

server-id = 1

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 4M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 2M

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/3306/mysql_3306.err
pid-file=/data/3306/mysqld.pid

3307端口下的my.cnf文件为:

[client]
port            = 3307
socket          = /data/3307/mysql.sock

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash

[mysqld]
user    = mysql
port    = 3307
socket  = /data/3307/mysql.sock
basedir = /application/mysql-5.5.32
datadir = /data/3307/data
open_files_limit    = 1024
back_log = 600
max_connections = 800
max_connect_errors = 3000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet =8M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 100
thread_concurrency = 2
query_cache_size = 2M
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
#default_table_type = InnoDB
thread_stack = 192K
#transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 2M
max_heap_table_size = 2M
#long_query_time = 1
#log_long_format
#log-error = /data/3307/error.log
#log-slow-queries = /data/3307/slow.log
pid-file = /data/3307/mysql.pid
#log-bin = /data/3307/mysql-bin
relay-log = /data/3307/relay-bin
relay-log-info-file = /data/3307/relay-log.info
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_size = 2M
expire_logs_days = 7
key_buffer_size = 16M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M
#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M
#myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
#myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G
#myisam_repair_threads = 1
#myisam_recover

lower_case_table_names = 1
skip-name-resolve
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062
replicate-ignore-db=mysql

server-id = 3

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 4M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 2M

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/3307/mysql_3307.err
pid-file=/data/3307/mysqld.pid

上面不同端口的配置文件不同的地方有以下几处:

  • socket参数
  • datadir参数
  • long_query_time(3306有3307无)
  • server_id参数

3、多实例启动脚本

在每一个端口目录下建立各自的启动脚本:

[root@hadoop-slave1 /]# tree /data/
/data/
├── 3306
│   ├── data
│   ├── my.cnf
│   └── mysql     # 启动脚本
└── 3307
    ├── data
    ├── my.cnf
    └── mysql    #启动脚本

其中,3306端口的mysql启动脚本为:

#!/bin/sh

port=3306
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd=""
CmdPath="/application/mysql-5.5.32/bin"
mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"
#startup function
function_start_mysql()
{
    if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
      printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
      /bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
    else
      printf "MySQL is running...\n"
      exit
    fi
}

#stop function
function_stop_mysql()
{
    if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
       printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
       exit
    else
       printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
       ${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown
   fi
}

#restart function
function_restart_mysql()
{
    printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
    function_stop_mysql
    sleep 2
    function_start_mysql
}

case $1 in
start)
    function_start_mysql
;;
stop)
    function_stop_mysql
;;
restart)
    function_restart_mysql
;;
*)
    printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n"
esac

3307端口的启动脚本为:

#!/bin/sh

port=3307
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd=""
CmdPath="/application/mysql-5.5.32/bin"
mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"
#startup function
function_start_mysql()
{
    if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
      printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
      /bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
    else
      printf "MySQL is running...\n"
      exit
    fi
}

#stop function
function_stop_mysql()
{
    if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
       printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
       exit
    else
       printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
       ${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown
   fi
}

#restart function
function_restart_mysql()
{
    printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
    function_stop_mysql
    sleep 2
    function_start_mysql
}

case $1 in
start)
    function_start_mysql
;;
stop)
    function_stop_mysql
;;
restart)
    function_restart_mysql
;;
*)
    printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n"
esac

 4、授权

授权mysql用户管理多实例的目录:

[root@hadoop-slave1 /]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data

接着授权各自端口中mysql为可执行文件:

# 授权为可执行文件
[root@hadoop-slave1 /]# find /data/ -type f -name "mysql"|xargs chmod +x 

# 查看授权情况
[root@hadoop-slave1 /]# find /data/ -type f -name "mysql"|xargs ls -l
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 mysql mysql 1314 Aug  9 18:34 /data/3306/mysql
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 mysql mysql 1314 Aug  9 18:40 /data/3307/mysql

5、全局变量配置

全局变量配置MySQL的命令,这在单实例中已经配置了,可以查看:

[root@hadoop-slave1 /]# tail -1 /etc/profile
export PATH=/application/mysql-5.5.32/bin:$PATH

(三)启动多实例数据库

1、多实例数据库初始化

这与单实例数据库初始化差不多,只不过数据目录有变化:

# 初始化3306
[root@hadoop-slave1 scripts]# pwd   #进入到安装的MySQL目录
/application/mysql-5.5.32/scripts
[root@hadoop-slave1 scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql-5.5.32/ --datadir=/data/3306/data --user=mysql   
                         # ./便是表示当前目录下寻找mysql_install_db,否则寻找全局的
# 初始化3307 [root@hadoop-slave1 scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql-5.5.32/ --datadir=/data/3307/data --user=mysql

初始化就是生成数据的基本数据表。如下:

[root@hadoop-slave1 /]# tree /data/3306/data
/data/3306/data
├── mysql
│   ├── columns_priv.frm
│   ├── columns_priv.MYD
│   ├── columns_priv.MYI
│   ├── db.frm
│   ├── db.MYD
│   ├── db.MYI
│   ├── event.frm
│   ├── event.MYD
│   ├── event.MYI
│   ├── func.frm
│   ├── func.MYD
│   ├── func.MYI
│   ├── general_log.CSM
│   ├── general_log.CSV
│   ├── general_log.frm
│   ├── help_category.frm
│   ├── help_category.MYD
│   ├── help_category.MYI
│   ├── help_keyword.frm
│   ├── help_keyword.MYD
│   ├── help_keyword.MYI
│   ├── help_relation.frm
│   ├── help_relation.MYD
│   ├── help_relation.MYI
│   ├── help_topic.frm
│   ├── help_topic.MYD
│   ├── help_topic.MYI
│   ├── host.frm
│   ├── host.MYD
│   ├── host.MYI
│   ├── ndb_binlog_index.frm
│   ├── ndb_binlog_index.MYD
│   ├── ndb_binlog_index.MYI
│   ├── plugin.frm
│   ├── plugin.MYD
│   ├── plugin.MYI
│   ├── proc.frm
│   ├── proc.MYD
│   ├── proc.MYI
│   ├── procs_priv.frm
│   ├── procs_priv.MYD
│   ├── procs_priv.MYI
│   ├── proxies_priv.frm
│   ├── proxies_priv.MYD
│   ├── proxies_priv.MYI
│   ├── servers.frm
│   ├── servers.MYD
│   ├── servers.MYI
│   ├── slow_log.CSM
│   ├── slow_log.CSV
│   ├── slow_log.frm
│   ├── tables_priv.frm
│   ├── tables_priv.MYD
│   ├── tables_priv.MYI
│   ├── time_zone.frm
│   ├── time_zone_leap_second.frm
│   ├── time_zone_leap_second.MYD
│   ├── time_zone_leap_second.MYI
│   ├── time_zone.MYD
│   ├── time_zone.MYI
│   ├── time_zone_name.frm
│   ├── time_zone_name.MYD
│   ├── time_zone_name.MYI
│   ├── time_zone_transition.frm
│   ├── time_zone_transition.MYD
│   ├── time_zone_transition.MYI
│   ├── time_zone_transition_type.frm
│   ├── time_zone_transition_type.MYD
│   ├── time_zone_transition_type.MYI
│   ├── user.frm
│   ├── user.MYD
│   └── user.MYI
├── performance_schema
│   ├── cond_instances.frm
│   ├── db.opt
│   ├── events_waits_current.frm
│   ├── events_waits_history.frm
│   ├── events_waits_history_long.frm
│   ├── events_waits_summary_by_instance.frm
│   ├── events_waits_summary_by_thread_by_event_name.frm
│   ├── events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name.frm
│   ├── file_instances.frm
│   ├── file_summary_by_event_name.frm
│   ├── file_summary_by_instance.frm
│   ├── mutex_instances.frm
│   ├── performance_timers.frm
│   ├── rwlock_instances.frm
│   ├── setup_consumers.frm
│   ├── setup_instruments.frm
│   ├── setup_timers.frm
│   └── threads.frm
└── test

3 directories, 90 files
View Code

2、启动多实例数据库

# 启动MySQL
[root@hadoop-slave1 /]# /data/3306/mysql start
Starting MySQL...
[root@hadoop-slave1 /]# /data/3307/mysql start
Starting MySQL...

# 查看启动的情况
[root@hadoop-slave1 /]# netstat -lntup|grep 330[6-7]
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      63013/mysqld        
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3307            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      63737/mysqld  

3、启动MySQL

多实例的启动需要使用下面的启动方式:

[root@hadoop-slave1 3306]# mysql -S mysql.sock   # 连接MySQL服务器
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.32-log Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

也就是sock的方式,它的重启:

[root@hadoop-slave1 /]# /data/3306/mysql stop   # 停止MySQL,如果在配置文件中指定了密码,需要指定密码来停止服务
[root@hadoop-slave1 /]# /data/3306/mysql start  # 启动MySQL

4、为root用户增加密码

[root@hadoop-slave1 bin]# pwd
/application/mysql-5.5.32/bin
[root@hadoop-slave1 bin]# mysqladmin -uroot -S /data/3306/mysql.sock password '123456'  #添加密码

此时,将配置文件中的密码添加上:

# vim /data/3306/my.cnf

...
ysql_pwd="123456"
...

同理3307也是如此。那么我们为什么修改密码后再配置文件中也需要加上呢?原因就是启动脚本文件中启动MySQL不需要密码,但是停止服务时候是需要的。

现在配置文件中含有数据库密码,所以这也是比较危险的,所以需要做以下授权,目前该mysql的启动文件:

[root@hadoop-slave1 3306]# find /data -type f -name "mysql" -exec ls -l {} \;
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 mysql mysql 1314 Aug  9 22:41 /data/3306/mysql
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 mysql mysql 1314 Aug  9 18:40 /data/3307/mysql

用户组和用户是mysql,修改为root用户:

[root@hadoop-slave1 3306]# find /data -type f -name "mysql" -exec chmod 700 {} \;  
[root@hadoop-slave1 3306]# find /data -type f -name "mysql" -exec chown root.root {} \; 
[root@hadoop-slave1 3306]# find /data -type f -name "mysql" -exec ls -l {} \; -rwx------. 1 root root 1314 Aug 9 22:41 /data/3306/mysql -rwx------. 1 root root 1314 Aug 9 18:40 /data/3307/mysql

5、重启MySQL服务

[root@hadoop-slave1 3306]# pkill mysqld
[root@hadoop-slave1 3306]# /data/3306/mysql start
Starting MySQL...
[root@hadoop-slave1 3306]# /data/3307/mysql start
Starting MySQL...

查看启动情况:

[root@hadoop-slave1 3306]# ss -lntup | grep 330
tcp    LISTEN     0      128       *:3306                  *:*                   users:(("mysqld",pid=66078,fd=12))
tcp    LISTEN     0      128       *:3307                  *:*                   users:(("mysqld",pid=66801,fd=11))

可以通过stop和start命令来进行停止和启动。

此时登录就需要使用密码来进行登录了:

[root@hadoop-slave1 3306]# mysql -uroot -p -S /data/3306/mysql.sock   #密码登录方式
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.32-log Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

 三、添加实例

上面是安装3306和3307实例的,如果再添加3308实例如何做呢?

1、创建数据目录

[root@hadoop-slave1 /]# mkdir /data/3308/data -p

2、创建my.cnf和mysql启动脚本

将3306中的my.cnf和mysql脚本拷贝到3308,进行相应的修改即可:

[root@hadoop-slave1 /]# cp /data/3306/my.cnf /data/3308
[root@hadoop-slave1 /]# cp /data/3306/mysql  /data/3308

对于my.cnf将其中的3306替换为3308,将sever-id进行修改为其它值;对于mysql脚本只需要将port修改为3308即可。

3、进行授权

[root@hadoop-slave1 /]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/3308/

4、初始化

[root@hadoop-slave1 3308]# /application/mysql-5.5.32/scripts/mysql_install_db 
                --basedir=/application/mysql-5.5.32/
                --datadir=/data/3308/data --user=mysql

5、启动3308

[root@hadoop-slave1 3308]# /data/3308/mysql start
Starting MySQL...
[root@hadoop-slave1 3308]# netstat -lntup | grep 330
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      66078/mysqld        
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3307            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      66801/mysqld        
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3308            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      68513/mysqld        

6、登录

# 设置密码
[root@hadoop-slave1 3308]# mysqladmin -uroot -S /data/3308/mysql.sock password '123456'

# 登录
[root@hadoop-slave1 3308]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3308/mysql.sock 

 

posted @ 2020-08-10 23:30  iveBoy  阅读(358)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报
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