MySQL5.5编译方式安装

一、准备工作

（一）上传工具包和软件包

[root@hadoop-slave1 software]# ls
cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz  mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz

将所需要的cmake和mysql包上传到服务器上去。

（二）安装工具和依赖包

1、安装cmake

# 解压
[root@hadoop-slave1 software]# tar xf cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz 

# 进入与编译
[root@hadoop-slave1 software]# cd cmake-2.8.8/

 在编译过程中可能会出现Cannot find appropriate C compiler on this system，此时请安装c编译器：

[root@hadoop-slave1 cmake-2.8.8]# yum install gcc-c++ libstdc++-devel 

然后再进行编译：

[root@hadoop-slave1 cmake-2.8.8]# ./configure 

接着：

[root@hadoop-slave1 cmake-2.8.8]# gmake
[root@hadoop-slave1 cmake-2.8.8]# gmake install

2、安装MySQL依赖包

[root@hadoop-slave1 cmake-2.8.8]# yum install ncurses-devel -y

（三）创建用户和组

[root@hadoop-slave1 ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@hadoop-slave1 ~]# useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M -g mysql

二、安装MySQL

（一）安装

# 1、解压缩
[root@hadoop-slave1 software]# tar xf mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz 

# 2、进入目录
cd mysql-5.5.32

#3、指定安装参数 
# 安装根目录、数据集目录、 ..

　　cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.5.32 \
　　-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.5.32/data \
　　-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.5.32/tmp/mysql.sock \
　　-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
　　-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
　　-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=gbk,gb2312,utf8,ascii \
　　-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON \
　　-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
　　-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
　　-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
　　-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
　　-DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
　　-DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1 \
　　-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \
　　-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
　　-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
　　-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
　　-DWITH_DEBUG=0

#4、编译与安装
[root@hadoop-slave1 mysql-5.5.32]# make && make install

#5、软连接
[root@hadoop-slave1 mysql-5.5.32]# ln -s /application/mysql-5.5.32 /application/mysql

（二）启动MySQL

1、选择配置文件

[root@hadoop-slave1 mysql-5.5.32]# cp support-files/my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp: overwrite ‘/etc/my.cnf’? y

2、目录授权

# 对数据目录赋权
[root@hadoop-slave1 mysql-5.5.32]# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql-5.5.32/data/
# .sock文件路径，需要对该目录有写的权限
[root@hadoop-slave1 mysql-5.5.32]#chown -R mysql:mysql tmp/
[root@hadoop-slave1 mysql-5.5.32]# chmod -R 777 tmp/

在配置文件my.cnf中，.sock文件是在tmp目录中，所以需要有写的权限。

3、初始化

# 进入到安装后软连接的mysql中的script目录中
[root@hadoop-slave1 scripts]# pwd
/application/mysql-5.5.32/scripts

# 初始化
[root@hadoop-slave1 scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql-5.5.32 --datadir=/application/mysql-5.5.32/data --user=mysql

Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK

下面是初始化的一些详细信息，它可以帮助我们完成下面的工作：

Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

/application/mysql-5.5.32//bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/application/mysql-5.5.32//bin/mysqladmin -u root -h hadoop-slave1 password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:
/application/mysql-5.5.32//bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /application/mysql-5.5.32/ ; /application/mysql-5.5.32//bin/mysqld_safe &

You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd /application/mysql-5.5.32//mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems with the /application/mysql-5.5.32//scripts/mysqlbug script!

 4、启动MySQL

# 进入到 /application/mysql-5.5.32/support-files
[root@hadoop-slave1 support-files]# ./mysql.server start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! 

在启动MySQL中容易出现的错误是：Starting MySQL.. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file 。

这个时候需要查看日志文件，位于data目录下`hostname`.err文件，你可能发现是由于.sock文件写入的没有权限所导致，此时可以这样做：

（1）查看my.cnf文件，看看.sock文件位于的目录

（2）修改.sock文件所在的目录所有人与写入权限

（3）删除data目录下已经生成的文件

（4）重启MySQL

 　　在初始化成功后，会有这样的提示：To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy，support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system，所以可以将上面的mysql.server脚本拷贝到系统中对应的位置：

# 此时可以通过/etc/init.d/mysqld start启动mysql
[root@hadoop-slave1 mysql-5.5.32]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

查看3306端口情况：

[root@hadoop-slave1 mysql-5.5.32]# netstat -lntup|grep 3306
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      44671/mysqld        

可以看到现在启动MySQL有两种方式了：

• 在安装目录的中通过 support-files/mysql.server start启动
• 通过etc/init.d/mysqld start启动

5、配置环境变量

那么如何连接MySQL服务，进入MySQL的客户端呢？

[root@hadoop-slave1 bin]# pwd
/application/mysql-5.5.32/bin
[root@hadoop-slave1 bin]# ls
innochecksum       mysql_client_test_embedded  mysql_setpermission
msql2mysql         mysql_config                mysqlshow
myisamchk          mysql_convert_table_format  mysqlslap
myisam_ftdump      mysqld                      mysqltest
myisamlog          mysqld_multi                mysqltest_embedded
myisampack         mysqld_safe                 mysql_tzinfo_to_sql
my_print_defaults  mysqldump                   mysql_upgrade
mysql              mysqldumpslow               mysql_waitpid
mysqlaccess        mysql_embedded              mysql_zap
mysqlaccess.conf   mysql_find_rows             perror
mysqladmin         mysql_fix_extensions        replace
mysqlbinlog        mysqlhotcopy                resolveip
mysqlbug           mysqlimport                 resolve_stack_dump
mysqlcheck         mysql_plugin
mysql_client_test  mysql_secure_installation
[root@hadoop-slave1 bin]# ./mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.32 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

也就是说必须进入到安装目录的bin目录下执行mysql命令才可以，这是有些麻烦的，可以配置环境变量：

# 命令行执行下面的命令即可
echo 'export PATH=/application/mysql-5.5.32/bin:$PATH' >> /etc/profile
tail -1 /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
echo $PATH

然后再执行mysql命令就ok了。

[root@hadoop-slave1 mysql-5.5.32]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3

在登录过程中如果碰到如下问题：Access denied for user...这类错误可按照这样的处理方式：

[root@hadoop-slave1 mysql-5.5.32]# pkill mysqld  # 关闭MySQL服务
[root@hadoop-slave1 mysql-5.5.32]# lsof -i:3306  #确认是否关闭
[root@hadoop-slave1 /]# rm -rf /application/mysql-5.5.32/data/  #删除数据文件
[root@hadoop-slave1 scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql-5.5.32/
                              --datadir=/application/mysql-5.5.32/data --user=mysql   #重新初始化

6、添加密码

可以看到目前数据库是没有密码的，我们可以根据初始化的提示信息来增加密码：

[root@hadoop-slave1 mysql-5.5.32]# /application/mysql-5.5.32//bin/mysqladmin -u root password '*****'

三、优化数据库

对于创建的数据库可以对不需要的库等进行剔除。

1、删除test库

mysql> drop database test;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2、删除mysql用户表中空数据

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+---------------+
| user | host          |
+------+---------------+
| root | 127.0.0.1     |
| root | ::1           |
|      | hadoop-slave1 |
| root | hadoop-slave1 |
|      | localhost     |
| root | localhost     |
+------+---------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

对于上面user为空的数据进行删除。

mysql> delete from  mysql.user where user='';  #删除空数据
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+---------------+
| user | host          |
+------+---------------+
| root | 127.0.0.1     |
| root | ::1           |
| root | hadoop-slave1 |
| root | localhost     |
+------+---------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3、设置额外管理员

 该选项是非必须的，可以建立一个和root用户一模一样的管理员，比如创建一个system管理员。

mysql> grant all privileges on *.*  to system@'localhost' identified by '123456' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+--------+---------------+
| user   | host          |
+--------+---------------+
| root   | 127.0.0.1     |
| root   | ::1           |
| root   | hadoop-slave1 |
| root   | localhost     |
| system | localhost     |
+--------+---------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)