WITH RECURSIVE 递归 与with as 子查询部分

1 计算1到100的累加的结果。
2 WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
3     VALUES (1)
4   UNION ALL
5     SELECT n+1 FROM t WHERE n < 100
6 )
7 SELECT sum(n) FROM t;

sum

5050

=======================================

 1 /*
 2 https://www.yiibai.com/html/postgresql/2013/080565.html
 3 create table company (
 4     id int ,
 5     name varchar (60),
 6     age int ,
 7     address varchar (30),
 8     salary int
 9 );
10 insert into company values(1,'Paul',32,'California',20000);
11 insert into company values(2,'Allen',25, 'Texas',15000);
12 insert into company values(3,'Teddy',23,'Norway',20000);
13 insert into company values(4,'Mark',25,'Rich-Mond',65000);
14 insert into company values(5,'David',27,'Texas',85000);
15 insert into company values(6,'Kim',22,'South-Hall',45000);
16 insert into company values(7,'James',24,'Houston',10000);
17 */
18  
19 --递归WITH
20 --找到小于20000的薪金总和
21  
22 WITH RECURSIVE t(n) AS (
23         VALUES (0)
24         UNION ALL
25         SELECT salary FROM company WHERE salary < 20000
26 )
27 SELECT SUM(n) FROM t
28  
29 --删除指定的公司行,RETURNING子句返回它们的内容;然后主查询读取输出,并将其插入到COMPANY1 表:
30  
31 CREATE TABLE COMPANY1(
32    ID INT PRIMARY KEY     NOT NULL,
33    NAME           TEXT    NOT NULL,
34    AGE            INT     NOT NULL,
35    ADDRESS        CHAR(50),
36    SALARY         REAL
37 );
38 WITH moved_rows AS (
39     DELETE FROM COMPANY
40     WHERE
41         SALARY >= 30000
42     RETURNING *
43 )
44 INSERT INTO COMPANY1 (SELECT * FROM moved_rows);
45  
46 SELECT * FROM COMPANY;
47 SELECT * FROM COMPANY1;

============================================================================

定义下面这样的表,存储每个区域(省、市、区)的id,名字及上级区域的pid

 1 create table tb(id varchar(3) , pid varchar(3) , name varchar(10)); 
 2  
 3 insert into tb values('002' , 0 , '浙江省'); 
 4 insert into tb values('001' , 0 , '广东省'); 
 5 insert into tb values('003' , '002' , '衢州市');  
 6 insert into tb values('004' , '002' , '杭州市') ; 
 7 insert into tb values('005' , '002' , '湖州市');  
 8 insert into tb values('006' , '002' , '嘉兴市') ; 
 9 insert into tb values('007' , '002' , '宁波市');  
10 insert into tb values('008' , '002' , '绍兴市') ; 
11 insert into tb values('009' , '002' , '台州市');  
12 insert into tb values('010' , '002' , '温州市') ; 
13 insert into tb values('011' , '002' , '丽水市');  
14 insert into tb values('012' , '002' , '金华市') ; 
15 insert into tb values('013' , '002' , '舟山市');  
16 insert into tb values('014' , '004' , '上城区') ; 
17 insert into tb values('015' , '004' , '下城区');  
18 insert into tb values('016' , '004' , '拱墅区') ; 
19 insert into tb values('017' , '004' , '余杭区') ; 
20 insert into tb values('018' , '011' , '金东区') ; 
21 insert into tb values('019' , '001' , '广州市') ; 
22 insert into tb values('020' , '001' , '深圳市') ;

需要查出某个省,比如浙江省,管辖的所有市及市辖地区

with RECURSIVE cte as
(
select a.id,cast(a.name as varchar(100)) from tb a where id='002'
union all 
select k.id,cast(c.name||'>'||k.name as varchar(100)) as name  from tb k inner join cte c on c.id = k.pid
)select id,name from cte ;

 

==============================================================================

with as 

 with as 也称作子查询部分;提高sql语句可读性,减少嵌套冗余

–相当于建了个e临时表
with e as (select * from scott.emp e where e.empno=7499)
select * from e;

–相当于建了e、d临时表
with
e as (select * from scott.emp),
d as (select * from scott.dept)
select * from e, d where e.deptno = d.deptno;

其实就是把一大堆重复用到的sql语句放在with as里面,取一个别名,后面的查询就可以用它,这样对于大批量的sql语句起到一个优化的作用,而且清楚明了。

向一张表插入数据的with as用法

insert into table2
with
s1 as (select rownum c1 from dual connect by rownum <= 10),
s2 as (select rownum c2 from dual connect by rownum <= 10)
select a.c1, b.c2 from s1 a, s2 b where…;
select s1.sid, s2.sid from s1 ,s2需要有关联条件,不然结果会是笛卡尔积。
with as 相当于虚拟视图。

with as短语,也叫做子查询部分(subquery factoring),可以让你做很多事情,定义一个sql片断,该sql片断会被整个sql语句所用到。有的时候,是为了让sql语句的可读性更高些,也有可能是在union all的不同部分,作为提供数据的部分。
  
特别对于union all比较有用。因为union all的每个部分可能相同,但是如果每个部分都去执行一遍的话,则成本太高,所以可以使用with as短语,则只要执行一遍即可。如果with as短语所定义的表名被调用两次以上,则优化器会自动将with as短语所获取的数据放入一个temp表里,如果只是被调用一次,则不会。而提示materialize则是强制将with as短语里的数据放入一个全局临时表里。很多查询通过这种方法都可以提高速度。

with
sql1 as (select to_char(a) s_name from test_tempa),
sql2 as (select to_char(b) s_name from test_tempb where not exists (select s_name from sql1 where rownum=1))
select * from sql1
union all
select * from sql2
union all
select ‘no records’ from dual
where not exists (select s_name from sql1 where rownum=1)
and not exists (select s_name from sql2 where rownum=1);

WITH语句的优点:

(1). SQL可读性增强。比如对于特定with子查询取个有意义的名字等。

(2)、with子查询只执行一次,将结果存储在用户临时表空间中,可以引用多次,增强性能。

举例:在进行导入EXCEL的过程中,有时候,需要将数据存储在临时表中,当下一次在进行导入的时候,进行清除临时表的数据,但是这时候,有时候发生并发问题的话,两个用户可能会分别操作对方的数据,所以,可能造成混乱,但是可以使用WITH函数和UNION语句拼接一个SQL语句,存储在SESSION中,当需要导出错误信息的时候,可以使用该语句构造数据。

 

 

to:https://blog.csdn.net/dufemt/article/details/80773394

 

posted @ 2020-12-01 14:55  Johnson718  阅读(6865)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报