4.MongoDB系列之索引(一)

1. 执行计划查看
db.getCollection('users').find({'username': 'shenjian'}).explain('executionStats')

结果查看,先大致看一遍,后续慢慢来深入理解

{
    "queryPlanner": {
        "plannerVersion": NumberInt("1"),
        "namespace": "study.users",
        "indexFilterSet": false,
        "parsedQuery": {
            "username": {
                "$eq": "shenjian"
            }
        },
        "winningPlan": {
            "stage": "COLLSCAN",
            "filter": {
                "username": {
                    "$eq": "shenjian"
                }
            },
            "direction": "forward"
        },
        "rejectedPlans": [ ]
    },
    "executionStats": {
        "executionSuccess": true,
        "nReturned": NumberInt("0"),
        "executionTimeMillis": NumberInt("518"),
        "totalKeysExamined": NumberInt("0"),
        "totalDocsExamined": NumberInt("1000000"),
        "executionStages": {
            "stage": "COLLSCAN",
            "filter": {
                "username": {
                    "$eq": "shenjian"
                }
            },
            "nReturned": NumberInt("0"),
            "executionTimeMillisEstimate": NumberInt("0"),
            "works": NumberInt("1000002"),
            "advanced": NumberInt("0"),
            "needTime": NumberInt("1000001"),
            "needYield": NumberInt("0"),
            "saveState": NumberInt("7812"),
            "restoreState": NumberInt("7812"),
            "isEOF": NumberInt("1"),
            "direction": "forward",
            "docsExamined": NumberInt("1000000")
        }
    },
    "serverInfo": {
        "host": "4a8812679047",
        "port": NumberInt("27017"),
        "version": "4.2.6",
        "gitVersion": "20364840b8f1af16917e4c23c1b5f5efd8b352f8"
    },
    "ok": 1
}
2. 创建索引
db.getCollection('users').createIndex({'username': 1})
// 查看索引
db.getCollection('users').getIndexes({})
// 删除索引
db.getCollection('users').dropIndex({'username_1'})

如果集合特别大,则新开个窗口,执行命令db.currentOp(),重点关注ns为study.users的文档,搜索msg消息查看进度

"msg": "Index Build: inserting keys from external sorter into index Index Build: inserting keys from external sorter into index: 849146/1000000 84%",
"progress": {
   "done": NumberInt("849150"),
   "total": NumberInt("1000000")
}
3. 复合索引简介
db.getCollection('users').createIndex({'age': 1, 'username': 1})

对于多条件查询,复合查询用处很大,比如上面索引会严格按照age排序在按username排序,所以按照索引键对文档排序速度会快的多

4. MONGO如何选择索引

让多个查询计划相互竞争,只有查询最优的查询计划才会被选中,mongo会维护查询计划的缓存,这样后续查询就可以直接选择索引进行查询

5. 使用复合索引原则
  • 等值过滤的键应该在最前面
  • 用于排序的键应该在多值字段之前
  • 多值过滤的键应该在最后面

这一块推荐看《MongoDB权威指南》索引章节,特别详细。如

db.getCollection('students').createIndex({'class_id': 1, 'final_grade': 1, 'student_id': 1})

索引对于查询就很高效

db.getCollection('students').find({'class_id': 54, 'student_id': {$gt: 50000}}).sort({'final_grade': 1}).explain('executionStats')
5.1 选择键的方向

基于多键排序时,方向才重要,如

db.getCollection('users').createIndex({'age': 1, 'username': -1})
5.2 使用覆盖索引

当索引中的字段包含用户请求的所有字段,呢么这个索引就覆盖了本次查询,就不会去获取实际的文档了,注意如果索引中不包含_id,则需要考虑_id不显示才能够覆盖索引查询,如

db.getCollection('users').find({'age': 110, 'username': 'user12'}, {'age': 1, 'username': 1, '_id': 0}).explain('executionStats')
{
    "queryPlanner": {
        "winningPlan": {
            // 获胜的执行计划 覆盖索引
            "stage": "PROJECTION_COVERED",
            "transformBy": {
                "age": 1,
                "username": 1,
                "_id": 0
            },
            "inputStage": {
                "stage": "IXSCAN",
                "keyPattern": {
                    "age": 1,
                    "username": 1
                },
                "indexName": "age_1_username_1"
            }
        }
    },
    "executionStats": {
        "executionSuccess": true,
        "nReturned": NumberInt("1"),
        "executionTimeMillis": NumberInt("0"),
        "totalKeysExamined": NumberInt("1"),
         // 扫描的文档数为0
        "totalDocsExamined": NumberInt("0")
    }
}
5.3 隐式索引

复核索引具有双重功能,比如也具有索引{'class_id': 1}、{'class_id': 1,'final_grade': 1}的功能

db.getCollection('students').createIndex({'class_id': 1, 'final_grade': 1, 'student_id': 1})

但是对于{'class_id': 1, 'student_id': 1}不具有隐式索引,只有使用索引前缀的查询才会收益

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posted @ 2022-10-16 13:39  算法小生  阅读(72)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报