fastapi 实现websocket协议
fastapi是一个高性能异步web框架,并且支持websocket协议。这是一个比较新的框架,但github上的Star数挺多,快追上flask了。
1、websocket服务端的简单实现:
定义一个websocket API和 http 类似,使用@app.websockert装饰器,参数为路由。
@app.websocket('/test')
async def websocket_test(websocket: WebSocket):
# 服务器接受客户端的WebSocket连接请求。
await websocket.accept()
try:
while True:
data = await websocket.receive_text()
await websocket.send_text(f"服务器返回:{data}")
# 客户端断开连接,捕获WebSocketDisconnect异常
except WebSocketDisconnect:
pass
fastapi官方推荐使用uvicorn 作为ASGI服务器使用:
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi import WebSocket,WebSocketDisconnect
import uvicorn
app = FastAPI()
@app.websocket('/test')
async def websocket_test(websocket: WebSocket):
# 服务器接受客户端的WebSocket连接请求。
await websocket.accept()
try:
while True:
data = await websocket.receive_text()
await websocket.send_text(f"服务器返回:{data}")
# 客户端断开连接,捕获WebSocketDisconnect异常
except WebSocketDisconnect:
pass
if __name__ == "__main__":
uvicorn.run(app='main:app',host="0.0.0.0",port=8000)
客户端代码:
import websockets, asyncio
async def ws_client():
async with websockets.connect('ws://127.0.0.1:8000/ai/test') as ws:
await ws.send('this is a test')
response = await ws.recv()
print(response)
if __name__ == '__main__':
asyncio.run(ws_client())
2、多人聊天
以下是官网的websocket服务端demo,实现多人聊天。自定义一个ConnectionManager类,和已建立连接的ws进行通信,我加了一些注释,方便查看。
from fastapi import FastAPI
import uvicorn
from fastapi import WebSocket
from typing import List
app = FastAPI()
class ConnectionManager:
def __init__(self):
self.active_connections: List[WebSocket] = []
async def connect(self, websocket: WebSocket):
await websocket.accept()
self.active_connections.append(websocket)
def disconnect(self, websocket: WebSocket):
self.active_connections.remove(websocket)
async def send_personal_message(self, message: str, websocket: WebSocket):
await websocket.send_text(message)
async def broadcast(self, message: str):
for connection in self.active_connections:
await connection.send_text(message)
manager = ConnectionManager()
@app.websocket('/object/{client_id}')
async def websocket_endpoint(websocket: WebSocket, client_id: int):
await manager.connect(websocket)
try:
while True:
data = await websocket.receive_text()
# 返回给当前ws发送消息的客户端
await manager.send_personal_message(f"You wrote: {data}", websocket)
# 返回给所有已连接状态的客户端
await manager.broadcast(f"Client #{client_id} says: {data}")
except WebSocketDisconnect:
# 断开ws连接
manager.disconnect(websocket)
# 告诉剩余还在线客户端,Client是{client_id}的ws断开了
await manager.broadcast(f"Client #{client_id} left the chat")
if __name__ == "__main__":
uvicorn.run(app='main:app',host="0.0.0.0",log_level="debug",port=8000)
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