Python交互图表可视化Bokeh：2. 辅助参数
图表辅助参数设置
辅助标注、注释、矢量箭头
参考官方文档：https://bokeh.pydata.org/en/latest/docs/user_guide/annotations.html#color-bars
1. 辅助标注 - 线
import numpy as np import pandas as pd import matplotlib.pyplot as plt % matplotlib inline import warnings warnings.filterwarnings('ignore') # 不发出警告 from bokeh.io import output_notebook output_notebook() # 导入notebook绘图模块 from bokeh.plotting import figure,show # 导入图表绘制、图标展示模块
upper = Span( location=1, dimension='width', line_color='olive', line_width=4,line_dash = [8,4] )
p.add_layout(upper)
# 辅助标注 - 线 from bokeh.models.annotations import Span # 导入Span模块 x = np.linspace(0, 20, 200) y = np.sin(x) # 创建x，y数据 p = figure(y_range=(-2, 2)) p.line(x, y) # 绘制曲线 upper = Span(location=1, # 设置位置，对应坐标值 dimension='width', # 设置方向，width为横向，height为纵向 line_color='olive', line_width=4, # 设置线颜色、线宽 line_dash = [8,4] ) p.add_layout(upper) # 绘制辅助线1 lower = Span(location=-1, dimension='width', line_color='firebrick', line_width=4) p.add_layout(lower) # 绘制辅助线2 show(p)
2. 辅助标注 - 矩形
upper = BoxAnnotation(bottom=1, fill_alpha=0.1, fill_color='olive', line_width = 2, line_dash = [6,2], line_color = 'red')
p.add_layout(upper)
# 绘制辅助矩形1
# 辅助标注 - 矩形 from bokeh.models.annotations import BoxAnnotation # 导入BoxAnnotation模块 x = np.linspace(0, 20, 200) y = np.sin(x) # 创建x，y数据 p = figure(y_range=(-2, 2)) p.line(x, y) # 绘制曲线 upper = BoxAnnotation(bottom=1, fill_alpha=0.1, fill_color='olive', line_width = 2, line_dash = [6,2], line_color = 'red') p.add_layout(upper) # 绘制辅助矩形1 lower = BoxAnnotation(top=-1, fill_alpha=0.1, fill_color='firebrick') p.add_layout(lower) # 绘制辅助矩形2 center = BoxAnnotation(top=0.6, bottom=-0.3, left=7, right=12, # 设置矩形四边位置 fill_alpha=0.1, fill_color='navy' # 设置透明度、颜色 ) p.add_layout(center) # 绘制辅助矩形3 show(p)
3. 绘图注释
label = Label(x=5, y=7, x_offset=12, text="Second Point", text_font_size="12pt",
border_line_color="red", background_fill_color="gray", background_fill_alpha = 0.5 )
p.add_layout(label)
# 绘图注释 from bokeh.models.annotations import Label# Label是标注的注释 # 导入Label模块，注意是annotations中的Label p = figure(x_range=(0,10), y_range=(0,10)) p.circle([2, 5, 8], [4, 7, 6], color="olive", size=10) # 绘制散点图 label = Label(x=5, y=7, # 标注注释位置 x_offset=12, # x偏移，同理y_offset text="Second Point", # 注释内容 text_font_size="12pt", # 字体大小 border_line_color="red", background_fill_color="gray", background_fill_alpha = 0.5 # 背景线条颜色、背景颜色、透明度 ) p.add_layout(label) # 绘制注释 show(p)
4. 注释箭头
p.add_layout(Arrow(end=OpenHead(line_color="firebrick", line_width=4), # 设置箭头类型，及相关参数：OpenHead, NormalHead, VeeHead
x_start=0, y_start=0, x_end=1, y_end=0))
# 注释箭头 from bokeh.models.annotations import Arrow from bokeh.models.arrow_heads import OpenHead, NormalHead, VeeHead # 三种箭头类型 # 导入相关模块 p = figure(plot_width=600, plot_height=600) p.circle(x=[0, 1, 0.5], y=[0, 0, 0.7], radius=0.1, color=["navy", "yellow", "red"], fill_alpha=0.1) # 创建散点图 p.add_layout(Arrow(end=OpenHead(line_color="firebrick", line_width=4), # 设置箭头类型，及相关参数：OpenHead, NormalHead, VeeHead x_start=0, y_start=0, x_end=1, y_end=0)) # 设置箭头矢量方向 # 绘制箭头1 p.add_layout(Arrow(end=NormalHead(fill_color="orange"), x_start=1, y_start=0, x_end=0.5, y_end=0.7)) # 绘制箭头2 p.add_layout(Arrow(end=VeeHead(size=35), line_color="red", x_start=0.5, y_start=0.7, x_end=0, y_end=0)) # 绘制箭头3 show(p)
5. 调色盘
# 调色盘 # 颜色参考文档：http://bokeh.pydata.org/en/latest/docs/reference/palettes.html # ColorBrewer：http://colorbrewer2.org/#type=sequential&scheme=BuGn&n=3 import bokeh.palettes as bp from bokeh.palettes import brewer print('所有调色板名称：\n',bp.__palettes__) print('-------') # 查看所有调色板名称 print('蓝色调色盘颜色：\n',bp.Blues) print('-------') # 查看蓝色调色盘颜色 n = 8 colori = brewer['YlGn'][n] print('YlGn调色盘解析为%i个颜色，分别为：\n' % n, colori) # 调色盘解析 → 不同颜色解析最多颜色有限
所有调色板名称： ['Accent3', 'Accent4', 'Accent5', 'Accent6', 'Accent7', 'Accent8', 'Blues3', 'Blues4', 'Blues5', 'Blues6', 'Blues7', 'Blues8', 'Blues9', 'BrBG3', 'BrBG4', 'BrBG5', 'BrBG6', 'BrBG7', 'BrBG8', 'BrBG9', 'BrBG10', 'BrBG11', 'BuGn3', 'BuGn4', 'BuGn5', 'BuGn6', 'BuGn7', 'BuGn8', 'BuGn9', 'BuPu3', 'BuPu4', 'BuPu5', 'BuPu6', 'BuPu7', 'BuPu8', 'BuPu9', 'Category10_3', 'Category10_4', 'Category10_5', 'Category10_6', 'Category10_7', 'Category10_8', 'Category10_9', 'Category10_10', 'Category20_3', 'Category20_4', 'Category20_5', 'Category20_6', 'Category20_7', 'Category20_8', 'Category20_9', 'Category20_10', 'Category20_11', 'Category20_12', 'Category20_13', 'Category20_14', 'Category20_15', 'Category20_16', 'Category20_17', 'Category20_18', 'Category20_19', 'Category20_20', 'Category20b3', 'Category20b4', 'Category20b5', 'Category20b6', 'Category20b7', 'Category20b8', 'Category20b9', 'Category20b10', 'Category20b11', 'Category20b12', 'Category20b13', 'Category20b14', 'Category20b15', 'Category20b16', 'Category20b17', 'Category20b18', 'Category20b19', 'Category20b20', 'Category20c3', 'Category20c4', 'Category20c5', 'Category20c6', 'Category20c7', 'Category20c8', 'Category20c9', 'Category20c10', 'Category20c11', 'Category20c12', 'Category20c13', 'Category20c14', 'Category20c15', 'Category20c16', 'Category20c17', 'Category20c18', 'Category20c19', 'Category20c20', 'Colorblind3', 'Colorblind4', 'Colorblind5', 'Colorblind6', 'Colorblind7', 'Colorblind8', 'Dark2_3', 'Dark2_4', 'Dark2_5', 'Dark2_6', 'Dark2_7', 'Dark2_8', 'GnBu3', 'GnBu4', 'GnBu5', 'GnBu6', 'GnBu7', 'GnBu8', 'GnBu9', 'Greens3', 'Greens4', 'Greens5', 'Greens6', 'Greens7', 'Greens8', 'Greens9', 'Greys3', 'Greys4', 'Greys5', 'Greys6', 'Greys7', 'Greys8', 'Greys9', 'Greys256', 'Inferno3', 'Inferno4', 'Inferno5', 'Inferno6', 'Inferno7', 'Inferno8', 'Inferno9', 'Inferno10', 'Inferno11', 'Inferno256', 'Magma3', 'Magma4', 'Magma5', 'Magma6', 'Magma7', 'Magma8', 'Magma9', 'Magma10', 'Magma11', 'Magma256', 'OrRd3', 'OrRd4', 'OrRd5', 'OrRd6', 'OrRd7', 'OrRd8', 'OrRd9', 'Oranges3', 'Oranges4', 'Oranges5', 'Oranges6', 'Oranges7', 'Oranges8', 'Oranges9', 'PRGn3', 'PRGn4', 'PRGn5', 'PRGn6', 'PRGn7', 'PRGn8', 'PRGn9', 'PRGn10', 'PRGn11', 'Paired3', 'Paired4', 'Paired5', 'Paired6', 'Paired7', 'Paired8', 'Paired9', 'Paired10', 'Paired11', 'Paired12', 'Pastel1_3', 'Pastel1_4', 'Pastel1_5', 'Pastel1_6', 'Pastel1_7', 'Pastel1_8', 'Pastel1_9', 'Pastel2_3', 'Pastel2_4', 'Pastel2_5', 'Pastel2_6', 'Pastel2_7', 'Pastel2_8', 'PiYG3', 'PiYG4', 'PiYG5', 'PiYG6', 'PiYG7', 'PiYG8', 'PiYG9', 'PiYG10', 'PiYG11', 'Plasma3', 'Plasma4', 'Plasma5', 'Plasma6', 'Plasma7', 'Plasma8', 'Plasma9', 'Plasma10', 'Plasma11', 'Plasma256', 'PuBu3', 'PuBu4', 'PuBu5', 'PuBu6', 'PuBu7', 'PuBu8', 'PuBu9', 'PuBuGn3', 'PuBuGn4', 'PuBuGn5', 'PuBuGn6', 'PuBuGn7', 'PuBuGn8', 'PuBuGn9', 'PuOr3', 'PuOr4', 'PuOr5', 'PuOr6', 'PuOr7', 'PuOr8', 'PuOr9', 'PuOr10', 'PuOr11', 'PuRd3', 'PuRd4', 'PuRd5', 'PuRd6', 'PuRd7', 'PuRd8', 'PuRd9', 'Purples3', 'Purples4', 'Purples5', 'Purples6', 'Purples7', 'Purples8', 'Purples9', 'RdBu3', 'RdBu4', 'RdBu5', 'RdBu6', 'RdBu7', 'RdBu8', 'RdBu9', 'RdBu10', 'RdBu11', 'RdGy3', 'RdGy4', 'RdGy5', 'RdGy6', 'RdGy7', 'RdGy8', 'RdGy9', 'RdGy10', 'RdGy11', 'RdPu3', 'RdPu4', 'RdPu5', 'RdPu6', 'RdPu7', 'RdPu8', 'RdPu9', 'RdYlBu3', 'RdYlBu4', 'RdYlBu5', 'RdYlBu6', 'RdYlBu7', 'RdYlBu8', 'RdYlBu9', 'RdYlBu10', 'RdYlBu11', 'RdYlGn3', 'RdYlGn4', 'RdYlGn5', 'RdYlGn6', 'RdYlGn7', 'RdYlGn8', 'RdYlGn9', 'RdYlGn10', 'RdYlGn11', 'Reds3', 'Reds4', 'Reds5', 'Reds6', 'Reds7', 'Reds8', 'Reds9', 'Set1_3', 'Set1_4', 'Set1_5', 'Set1_6', 'Set1_7', 'Set1_8', 'Set1_9', 'Set2_3', 'Set2_4', 'Set2_5', 'Set2_6', 'Set2_7', 'Set2_8', 'Set3_3', 'Set3_4', 'Set3_5', 'Set3_6', 'Set3_7', 'Set3_8', 'Set3_9', 'Set3_10', 'Set3_11', 'Set3_12', 'Spectral3', 'Spectral4', 'Spectral5', 'Spectral6', 'Spectral7', 'Spectral8', 'Spectral9', 'Spectral10', 'Spectral11', 'Viridis3', 'Viridis4', 'Viridis5', 'Viridis6', 'Viridis7', 'Viridis8', 'Viridis9', 'Viridis10', 'Viridis11', 'Viridis256', 'YlGn3', 'YlGn4', 'YlGn5', 'YlGn6', 'YlGn7', 'YlGn8', 'YlGn9', 'YlGnBu3', 'YlGnBu4', 'YlGnBu5', 'YlGnBu6', 'YlGnBu7', 'YlGnBu8', 'YlGnBu9', 'YlOrBr3', 'YlOrBr4', 'YlOrBr5', 'YlOrBr6', 'YlOrBr7', 'YlOrBr8', 'YlOrBr9', 'YlOrRd3', 'YlOrRd4', 'YlOrRd5', 'YlOrRd6', 'YlOrRd7', 'YlOrRd8', 'YlOrRd9'] ------- 蓝色调色盘颜色： {3: ['#3182bd', '#9ecae1', '#deebf7'], 4: ['#2171b5', '#6baed6', '#bdd7e7', '#eff3ff'], 5: ['#08519c', '#3182bd', '#6baed6', '#bdd7e7', '#eff3ff'], 6: ['#08519c', '#3182bd', '#6baed6', '#9ecae1', '#c6dbef', '#eff3ff'], 7: ['#084594', '#2171b5', '#4292c6', '#6baed6', '#9ecae1', '#c6dbef', '#eff3ff'], 8: ['#084594', '#2171b5', '#4292c6', '#6baed6', '#9ecae1', '#c6dbef', '#deebf7', '#f7fbff'], 9: ['#08306b', '#08519c', '#2171b5', '#4292c6', '#6baed6', '#9ecae1', '#c6dbef', '#deebf7', '#f7fbff']} ------- YlGn调色盘解析为8个颜色，分别为： ['#005a32', '#238443', '#41ab5d', '#78c679', '#addd8e', '#d9f0a3', '#f7fcb9', '#ffffe5']
