NeuSoft(4)编写字符设备驱动
1、要求：实现简单的字符设备驱动程序
2、源码清单
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/system.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#define GLOBALMEM_SIZE 0x1000 /*全局内存最大4K字节*/
#define MEM_CLEAR 0x1 /*清0全局内存*/
#define GLOBALMEM_MAJOR 254 /*预设的globalmem的主设备号*/
static globalmem_major = GLOBALMEM_MAJOR;
/*globalmem设备结构体*/
struct globalmem_dev
{
struct cdev cdev; /*cdev结构体*/
unsigned char mem[GLOBALMEM_SIZE]; /*全局内存*/
struct semaphore sem; /*并发控制用的信号量*/
};
struct globalmem_dev *globalmem_devp; /*设备结构体指针*/
/*文件打开函数*/
int globalmem_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
/*将设备结构体指针赋值给文件私有数据指针*/
filp->private_data = globalmem_devp;
return 0;
}
/*文件释放函数*/
int globalmem_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
return 0;
}
/* ioctl设备控制函数 */
static int globalmem_ioctl(struct inode *inodep, struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
struct globalmem_dev *dev = filp->private_data; /*获得设备结构体指针*/
switch (cmd)
{
case MEM_CLEAR:
if (down_interruptible(&dev->sem))
{
return - ERESTARTSYS;
}
memset(dev->mem, 0, GLOBALMEM_SIZE);
up(&dev->sem); //释放信号量
printk(KERN_INFO "globalmem is set to zero\n");
break;
default:
return - EINVAL;
}
return 0;
}
/*读函数*/
static ssize_t globalmem_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
unsigned long p = *ppos;
unsigned int count = size;
int ret = 0;
struct globalmem_dev *dev = filp->private_data; /*获得设备结构体指针*/
/*分析和获取有效的写长度*/
if (p >= GLOBALMEM_SIZE)
return count ? - ENXIO: 0;
if (count > GLOBALMEM_SIZE - p)
count = GLOBALMEM_SIZE - p;
if (down_interruptible(&dev->sem))
{
return - ERESTARTSYS;
}
/*内核空间->用户空间*/
if (copy_to_user(buf, (void*)(dev->mem + p), count))
{
ret = - EFAULT;
}
else
{
*ppos += count;
ret = count;
printk(KERN_INFO "read %d bytes(s) from %d\n", count, p);
}
up(&dev->sem); //释放信号量
return ret;
}
/*写函数*/
static ssize_t globalmem_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf,
size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
unsigned long p = *ppos;
unsigned int count = size;
int ret = 0;
struct globalmem_dev *dev = filp->private_data; /*获得设备结构体指针*/
/*分析和获取有效的写长度*/
if (p >= GLOBALMEM_SIZE)
return count ? - ENXIO: 0;
if (count > GLOBALMEM_SIZE - p)
count = GLOBALMEM_SIZE - p;
if (down_interruptible(&dev->sem))//获得信号量
{
return - ERESTARTSYS;
}
/*用户空间->内核空间*/
if (copy_from_user(dev->mem + p, buf, count))
ret = - EFAULT;
else
{
*ppos += count;
ret = count;
printk(KERN_INFO "written %d bytes(s) from %d\n", count, p);
}
up(&dev->sem); //释放信号量
return ret;
}
/* seek文件定位函数 */
static loff_t globalmem_llseek(struct file *filp, loff_t offset, int orig)
{
loff_t ret = 0;
switch (orig)
{
case 0: /*相对文件开始位置偏移*/
if (offset < 0)
{
ret = - EINVAL;
break;
}
if ((unsigned int)offset > GLOBALMEM_SIZE)
{
ret = - EINVAL;
break;
}
filp->f_pos = (unsigned int)offset;
ret = filp->f_pos;
break;
case 1: /*相对文件当前位置偏移*/
if ((filp->f_pos + offset) > GLOBALMEM_SIZE)
{
ret = - EINVAL;
break;
}
if ((filp->f_pos + offset) < 0)
{
ret = - EINVAL;
break;
}
filp->f_pos += offset;
ret = filp->f_pos;
break;
default:
ret = - EINVAL;
break;
}
return ret;
}
/* http://blog.csdn.net/zhou1232006/article/details/6867584*/
/*文件操作结构体*/
static const struct file_operations globalmem_fops =
{
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.llseek = globalmem_llseek,
.read = globalmem_read,
.write = globalmem_write,
//.compat_ioctl = globalmem_ioctl,
.unlocked_ioctl = globalmem_ioctl,
.open = globalmem_open,
.release = globalmem_release,
};
/*初始化并注册cdev*/
static void globalmem_setup_cdev(struct globalmem_dev *dev, int index)
{
int err, devno = MKDEV(globalmem_major, index);
cdev_init(&dev->cdev, &globalmem_fops);
dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
dev->cdev.ops = &globalmem_fops;
err = cdev_add(&dev->cdev, devno, 1);
if (err)
printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding LED%d", err, index);
}
/*设备驱动模块加载函数*/
int globalmem_init(void)
{
int result;
dev_t devno = MKDEV(globalmem_major, 0);
/* 申请设备号*/
/*if (globalmem_major)
result = register_chrdev_region(devno, 1, "globalmem");
else /* 动态申请设备号 */
{*/
result = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 0, 1, "globalmem");
globalmem_major = MAJOR(devno);
//}
if (result < 0)
return result;
/* 动态申请设备结构体的内存*/
globalmem_devp = kmalloc(sizeof(struct globalmem_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!globalmem_devp) /*申请失败*/
{
result = - ENOMEM;
goto fail_malloc;
}
memset(globalmem_devp, 0, sizeof(struct globalmem_dev));
globalmem_setup_cdev(globalmem_devp, 0);
sema_init(&globalmem_devp->sem,1); /*初始化信号量*/
return 0;
fail_malloc: unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1);
return result;
}
/*模块卸载函数*/
void globalmem_exit(void)
{
cdev_del(&globalmem_devp->cdev); /*注销cdev*/
kfree(globalmem_devp); /*释放设备结构体内存*/
unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(globalmem_major, 0), 1); /*释放设备号*/
}
MODULE_AUTHOR("Zhao guohui");
MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
module_param(globalmem_major, int, S_IRUGO);
module_init(globalmem_init);
module_exit(globalmem_exit);
3、编译用Makefile
obj-m := globalmem.o
KERNELBUILD :=/usr/src/linux-headers-3.2.0-23-generic-pae
default:
make -C $(KERNELBUILD) M=$(shell pwd) modules
clean:
rm -rf *.o *.ko *.mod.c
1）error: unknown field ‘ioctl’ specified in initializer
这是由于跨版本移植的时候由于内核提供的函数变化而引起的错误：
解决：http://blog.csdn.net/zhou1232006/article/details/6867584
2）error:implicit declaration of function ‘kmalloc’ [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]
解决：http://blog.csdn.net/liukun321/article/details/6785608
3）error: ‘globalfifo_devp’ undeclared (first use in this function)
参考：http://www.tuicool.com/articles/6r2M3a
error: implicit declaration of function ‘init_MUTEX’ [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]
4、验证
首先加载内核模块insmod gllobalmem.ko
设备忙的解决方法
让程序一直寻找可以使用的设备号。
终端输入 cat /proc/devices
找到globalmem的设备号
建立设备文件：mknod /dev/globalmem c 你找到的设备号 0
[root@localhost driver_study]# echo 'hello world' > /dev/globalmem
[root@localhost driver_study]# cat /dev/globalmem
hello world
