Android本地服务

一、服务生命周期总结


(一)、单独开启服务,并没有绑定服务
Activity中调用startService(),服务的lifecycle:onCreate()→onStartCommand()→onStart()
Activity中调用stopService(),服务的lifecycle:onDestroy()

(二)、单独绑定服务,并没有先开启服务
Activity中直接调用bindService(),服务的lifestyle:onCreate()→onBind()
Activity中调用unBindService(),服务的lifecycle:onUnbind()→onDestroy()

(三)、混合使用(先调用开启服务,再调用绑定服务)
1.startService(),服务的lifecycle:onCreate()→onStartCommand()→onStart()
2.bindService(),服务的lifestyle:onBind()
3.unBindService(),服务的lifecycle:onUnbind()
4.stopService(),服务的lifecycle:onDestroy()

(四)、混合使用(先绑定服务,再开启服务。一般不会这么做)
1.bindService(),服务的lifecycle:onCreate()→onBind()
2.startService(),服务的lifestyle:onStartCommand()→onStart()
3.unBindService(),服务的lifecycle:onUnbind()
4.stopService(),服务的lifecycle:onDestroy()

二、Activity与Service交互过程讲解

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示例代码

一、布局Layout

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/container"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.shz.localservice.MainActivity"
    tools:ignore="MergeRootFrame" >

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="bindService"
        android:text="绑定服务" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="unbindService"
        android:text="解除绑定服务" />

    <EditText 
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:hint="请输入电影票Id"
        android:id="@+id/txtTicketId"/>
    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="callServiceMethod"
        android:text="调用服务方法" />
    
    <TextView 
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/lblTicketInfo"
        android:textColor="#ff0000"/>

</LinearLayout>
View Code

二、主要代码

package com.shz.localservice;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;

/**
 * 后台服务(组件),提供查询电影票相关信息
 * @author SHZ
 *
 */
public class TicketService extends Service {

    private final static String TAG = "TicketService";
    private List<Ticket> tickets;
    
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        Log.i(TAG, "onBind 服务绑定成功");
        // 2.Activity绑定服务成功之后,服务返回给Activity一个IBinder类型的对象,
        // 通过该对象,Activity就可以和服务进行交互了,就像一个代理一样
        return new TicketBinder();
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {        
        super.onCreate();
        Log.i(TAG, "onCreate 服务创建成功");
        this.tickets = new ArrayList<Ticket>();
        this.tickets.add(new Ticket(1, "变形金刚4", 103));
        this.tickets.add(new Ticket(2, "窃听风云3", 86));
        this.tickets.add(new Ticket(3, "反腐风暴", 75));
    }

    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
        Log.i(TAG, "onStart 服务启动");
        super.onStart(intent, startId);
    }

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        Log.i(TAG, "onStartCommand 服务启动");
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }
    
    @Override
    public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
        Log.i(TAG, "onUnbind 服务解绑成功");
        return super.onUnbind(intent);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        Log.i(TAG, "onDestroy 服务销毁成功");
    }
    
    private Ticket getTicket(int id)
    {
        for(Ticket ticket:this.tickets)
        {
            if(ticket.Id == id)
            {
                return ticket;
            }
        }
        
        return null;
    }
    
    /**
     * 服务内部方法:查询电影票信息
     * @param id 
     * @return
     */
    public String getTicketInfo(int id)
    {
        Ticket ticket = this.getTicket(id);
        if(ticket == null)
        {
            return "未查询到该电影票信息";
        }
        else
        {
            return ticket.toString();
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 服务内部方法(测试用,没有意义):更新电影票价格
     * @param id
     * @param newPrice
     */
    public void updateTicketPrice(int id, float newPrice)
    {
        Ticket ticket = this.getTicket(id);
        if(ticket != null)
        {
            ticket.Price = newPrice;
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 自定义一个代理类,继承Binder并实现IService接口。
     * 服务会返回该类的一个实例给调用者,调用者可通过该实例调用相应的类方法
     * @author SHZ
     *
     */
    private class TicketBinder extends Binder implements IService
    {
        /**
         * 实现IService接口中的方法,调用服务内部的方法,这样调用服务的Activity就可以获取电影票信息了
         */
        @Override
        public String getTicketInfoById(int id) {
            return getTicketInfo(id);
        }
        
        /**
         * 由于该方法并未在IService接口中定义,故调用者无法使用该方法
         * @param id
         * @param newPrice
         */
        public void updateTicketPrice(int id,float newPrice)
        {
            updateTicketPrice(id, newPrice);
        }
        
    }

}
View Code
package com.shz.localservice;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.ActionBar;
import android.app.Fragment;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import android.os.Build;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    private TicketServiceConnection conn;
    private IService ticketBinder;
    private EditText txtTicketId;
    private TextView lblTicketInfo;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        
        txtTicketId = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.txtTicketId);
        lblTicketInfo = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.lblTicketInfo);
    }

    private class TicketServiceConnection implements ServiceConnection
    {

        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            // 3.绑定服务成功之后,后台服务会返回IBinder类型的 service 对象,通过该对象可以间接调用后台服务的方法
            ticketBinder = (IService) service;
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
            
        }
        
    }
    
    /**
     * 开始服务
     * @param view
     */
    public void startService(View view)
    {
        Intent service = new Intent(this,TicketService.class);
        startService(service);
    }
    
    /**
     * 绑定服务
     * @param view
     */
    public void bindService(View view) {
        Intent service = new Intent(this,TicketService.class);
        // 1.绑定服务
        // service:服务意图
        // new TicketServiceConnection():与后台服务连接的对象,接收后台服务信息
        // BIND_AUTO_CREATE:如果服务没有被创建,则自动创建并绑定
        conn = new TicketServiceConnection();
        bindService(service, conn, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
    }

    /**
     * 解除绑定服务
     * @param view
     */
    public void unbindService(View view) {
        unbindService(conn);
    }
    
    /**
     * 停止服务
     * @param view
     */
    public void stopService(View view)
    {
        Intent service = new Intent(this,TicketService.class);
        stopService(service);
    }
    
    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        try {
            unbindService(conn);
        } catch (Exception e) {
        }
        super.onDestroy();
    }

    public void callServiceMethod(View view) {
        if(this.ticketBinder == null)
        {
            Toast.makeText(this, "请先绑定服务", 1).show();
        }
        else
        {
            String strTicketId = this.txtTicketId.getText().toString().trim();
            if(TextUtils.isEmpty(strTicketId))
            {
                Toast.makeText(this, "请输入电影票Id", 1).show();
                return;
            }
            
            // 4.调用IBinder对象的方法
            String ticketInfo = this.ticketBinder.getTicketInfoById(Integer.parseInt(strTicketId));
            this.lblTicketInfo.setText(ticketInfo);
        }
    }

}
View Code
package com.shz.localservice;

public class Ticket {
    public int Id;
    public String Name;
    public float Price;
    
    public Ticket(int id, String name, float price) {
        Id = id;
        Name = name;
        Price = price;
    }
    
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "您查询的电影是:"+this.Name+",票价为:"+this.Price;
    }
}
View Code
package com.shz.localservice;

public interface IService {
    public String getTicketInfoById(int id);
}
View Code

 

 运行效果截图

posted @ 2014-08-30 22:17  萌浩  阅读(225)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报