如何在 Debian 11 上安装 NVM
NVM 代表 Node Version Manager，它是一个用于安装和管理多个Node.JS版本的命令行工具。它只允许程序员在他们的帐户中安装 Node.js。这意味着安装是特定于用户的。单个系统中的所有用户都有自己的 Node.js 安装。
在 Debian 11 Bullseye 上安装 NVM
步骤 1. 在我们安装任何软件之前，通过apt在终端中运行以下命令来确保您的系统是最新的很重要：
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install build-essential curl gnupg2
步骤 2. 在 Debian 11 上安装 NVM。
现在我们运行下面的命令来下载并运行 NVM 安装脚本：
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/creationix/nvm/master/install.sh | bash
如果上面打不开，可以sh代码 在文末，复制运行
然后，在文件中附加 NVM 的环境变量：.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
或者，只需注销并重新登录并确认安装的 NVM 版本：
nvm --version
步骤 3. 使用 NVM 安装 Node.js。
要安装最新版本的 Node.js，请运行以下命令：
nvm install node
如果要安装最新的 LTS（长期服务）版本，请运行以下命令：
nvm install node --lts
您还可以通过指定版本号来指定 NodeJS 的特定版本。例如：
nvm install 12.19.0
步骤 4. 使用 NVM 管理 Node.js。
要列出已安装的所有 Node.JS 版本，请运行：
nvm ls
要将默认 Node.js 版本设置为 12.17.0，请运行以下命令：
nvm use 12.19.0
要验证您帐户中已设置的默认版本，请运行：
nvm run default --version
您可以使用以下命令使用所需版本的 node.js 运行 Node 脚本：
nvm exec 12.19.0 server.js
感谢您使用本教程在 Debian 11 Bullseye 上安装最新版本的 NVM（节点版本管理器）。如需其他帮助或有用信息，我们建议您查看NVM 官方网站。
附录1：代码
#!/usr/bin/env bash { # this ensures the entire script is downloaded # nvm_has() { type "$1" > /dev/null 2>&1 } nvm_echo() { command printf %s\\n "$*" 2>/dev/null } if [ -z "${BASH_VERSION}" ] || [ -n "${ZSH_VERSION}" ]; then # shellcheck disable=SC2016 nvm_echo >&2 'Error: the install instructions explicitly say to pipe the install script to `bash`; please follow them' exit 1 fi nvm_grep() { GREP_OPTIONS='' command grep "$@" } nvm_default_install_dir() { [ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm" } nvm_install_dir() { if [ -n "$NVM_DIR" ]; then printf %s "${NVM_DIR}" else nvm_default_install_dir fi } nvm_latest_version() { nvm_echo "v0.39.5" } nvm_profile_is_bash_or_zsh() { local TEST_PROFILE TEST_PROFILE="${1-}" case "${TEST_PROFILE-}" in *"/.bashrc" | *"/.bash_profile" | *"/.zshrc" | *"/.zprofile") return ;; *) return 1 ;; esac } # # Outputs the location to NVM depending on: # * The availability of $NVM_SOURCE # * The method used ("script" or "git" in the script, defaults to "git") # NVM_SOURCE always takes precedence unless the method is "script-nvm-exec" # nvm_source() { local NVM_GITHUB_REPO NVM_GITHUB_REPO="${NVM_INSTALL_GITHUB_REPO:-nvm-sh/nvm}" local NVM_VERSION NVM_VERSION="${NVM_INSTALL_VERSION:-$(nvm_latest_version)}" local NVM_METHOD NVM_METHOD="$1" local NVM_SOURCE_URL NVM_SOURCE_URL="$NVM_SOURCE" if [ "_$NVM_METHOD" = "_script-nvm-exec" ]; then NVM_SOURCE_URL="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/${NVM_GITHUB_REPO}/${NVM_VERSION}/nvm-exec" elif [ "_$NVM_METHOD" = "_script-nvm-bash-completion" ]; then NVM_SOURCE_URL="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/${NVM_GITHUB_REPO}/${NVM_VERSION}/bash_completion" elif [ -z "$NVM_SOURCE_URL" ]; then if [ "_$NVM_METHOD" = "_script" ]; then NVM_SOURCE_URL="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/${NVM_GITHUB_REPO}/${NVM_VERSION}/nvm.sh" elif [ "_$NVM_METHOD" = "_git" ] || [ -z "$NVM_METHOD" ]; then NVM_SOURCE_URL="https://github.com/${NVM_GITHUB_REPO}.git" else nvm_echo >&2 "Unexpected value \"$NVM_METHOD\" for \$NVM_METHOD" return 1 fi fi nvm_echo "$NVM_SOURCE_URL" } # # Node.js version to install # nvm_node_version() { nvm_echo "$NODE_VERSION" } nvm_download() { if nvm_has "curl"; then curl --fail --compressed -q "$@" elif nvm_has "wget"; then # Emulate curl with wget ARGS=$(nvm_echo "$@" | command sed -e 's/--progress-bar /--progress=bar /' \ -e 's/--compressed //' \ -e 's/--fail //' \ -e 's/-L //' \ -e 's/-I /--server-response /' \ -e 's/-s /-q /' \ -e 's/-sS /-nv /' \ -e 's/-o /-O /' \ -e 's/-C - /-c /') # shellcheck disable=SC2086 eval wget $ARGS fi } install_nvm_from_git() { local INSTALL_DIR INSTALL_DIR="$(nvm_install_dir)" local NVM_VERSION NVM_VERSION="${NVM_INSTALL_VERSION:-$(nvm_latest_version)}" if [ -n "${NVM_INSTALL_VERSION:-}" ]; then # Check if version is an existing ref if command git ls-remote "$(nvm_source "git")" "$NVM_VERSION" | nvm_grep -q "$NVM_VERSION" ; then : # Check if version is an existing changeset elif ! nvm_download -o /dev/null "$(nvm_source "script-nvm-exec")"; then nvm_echo >&2 "Failed to find '$NVM_VERSION' version." exit 1 fi fi local fetch_error if [ -d "$INSTALL_DIR/.git" ]; then # Updating repo nvm_echo "=> nvm is already installed in $INSTALL_DIR, trying to update using git" command printf '\r=> ' fetch_error="Failed to update nvm with $NVM_VERSION, run 'git fetch' in $INSTALL_DIR yourself." else fetch_error="Failed to fetch origin with $NVM_VERSION. Please report this!" nvm_echo "=> Downloading nvm from git to '$INSTALL_DIR'" command printf '\r=> ' mkdir -p "${INSTALL_DIR}" if [ "$(ls -A "${INSTALL_DIR}")" ]; then # Initializing repo command git init "${INSTALL_DIR}" || { nvm_echo >&2 'Failed to initialize nvm repo. Please report this!' exit 2 } command git --git-dir="${INSTALL_DIR}/.git" remote add origin "$(nvm_source)" 2> /dev/null \ || command git --git-dir="${INSTALL_DIR}/.git" remote set-url origin "$(nvm_source)" || { nvm_echo >&2 'Failed to add remote "origin" (or set the URL). Please report this!' exit 2 } else # Cloning repo command git clone "$(nvm_source)" --depth=1 "${INSTALL_DIR}" || { nvm_echo >&2 'Failed to clone nvm repo. Please report this!' exit 2 } fi fi # Try to fetch tag if command git --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" fetch origin tag "$NVM_VERSION" --depth=1 2>/dev/null; then : # Fetch given version elif ! command git --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" fetch origin "$NVM_VERSION" --depth=1; then nvm_echo >&2 "$fetch_error" exit 1 fi command git -c advice.detachedHead=false --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" checkout -f --quiet FETCH_HEAD || { nvm_echo >&2 "Failed to checkout the given version $NVM_VERSION. Please report this!" exit 2 } if [ -n "$(command git --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" show-ref refs/heads/master)" ]; then if command git --no-pager --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" branch --quiet 2>/dev/null; then command git --no-pager --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" branch --quiet -D master >/dev/null 2>&1 else nvm_echo >&2 "Your version of git is out of date. Please update it!" command git --no-pager --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" branch -D master >/dev/null 2>&1 fi fi nvm_echo "=> Compressing and cleaning up git repository" if ! command git --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" reflog expire --expire=now --all; then nvm_echo >&2 "Your version of git is out of date. Please update it!" fi if ! command git --git-dir="$INSTALL_DIR"/.git --work-tree="$INSTALL_DIR" gc --auto --aggressive --prune=now ; then nvm_echo >&2 "Your version of git is out of date. Please update it!" fi return } # # Automatically install Node.js # nvm_install_node() { local NODE_VERSION_LOCAL NODE_VERSION_LOCAL="$(nvm_node_version)" if [ -z "$NODE_VERSION_LOCAL" ]; then return 0 fi nvm_echo "=> Installing Node.js version $NODE_VERSION_LOCAL" nvm install "$NODE_VERSION_LOCAL" local CURRENT_NVM_NODE CURRENT_NVM_NODE="$(nvm_version current)" if [ "$(nvm_version "$NODE_VERSION_LOCAL")" == "$CURRENT_NVM_NODE" ]; then nvm_echo "=> Node.js version $NODE_VERSION_LOCAL has been successfully installed" else nvm_echo >&2 "Failed to install Node.js $NODE_VERSION_LOCAL" fi } install_nvm_as_script() { local INSTALL_DIR INSTALL_DIR="$(nvm_install_dir)" local NVM_SOURCE_LOCAL NVM_SOURCE_LOCAL="$(nvm_source script)" local NVM_EXEC_SOURCE NVM_EXEC_SOURCE="$(nvm_source script-nvm-exec)" local NVM_BASH_COMPLETION_SOURCE NVM_BASH_COMPLETION_SOURCE="$(nvm_source script-nvm-bash-completion)" # Downloading to $INSTALL_DIR mkdir -p "$INSTALL_DIR" if [ -f "$INSTALL_DIR/nvm.sh" ]; then nvm_echo "=> nvm is already installed in $INSTALL_DIR, trying to update the script" else nvm_echo "=> Downloading nvm as script to '$INSTALL_DIR'" fi nvm_download -s "$NVM_SOURCE_LOCAL" -o "$INSTALL_DIR/nvm.sh" || { nvm_echo >&2 "Failed to download '$NVM_SOURCE_LOCAL'" return 1 } & nvm_download -s "$NVM_EXEC_SOURCE" -o "$INSTALL_DIR/nvm-exec" || { nvm_echo >&2 "Failed to download '$NVM_EXEC_SOURCE'" return 2 } & nvm_download -s "$NVM_BASH_COMPLETION_SOURCE" -o "$INSTALL_DIR/bash_completion" || { nvm_echo >&2 "Failed to download '$NVM_BASH_COMPLETION_SOURCE'" return 2 } & for job in $(jobs -p | command sort) do wait "$job" || return $? done chmod a+x "$INSTALL_DIR/nvm-exec" || { nvm_echo >&2 "Failed to mark '$INSTALL_DIR/nvm-exec' as executable" return 3 } } nvm_try_profile() { if [ -z "${1-}" ] || [ ! -f "${1}" ]; then return 1 fi nvm_echo "${1}" } # # Detect profile file if not specified as environment variable # (eg: PROFILE=~/.myprofile) # The echo'ed path is guaranteed to be an existing file # Otherwise, an empty string is returned # nvm_detect_profile() { if [ "${PROFILE-}" = '/dev/null' ]; then # the user has specifically requested NOT to have nvm touch their profile return fi if [ -n "${PROFILE}" ] && [ -f "${PROFILE}" ]; then nvm_echo "${PROFILE}" return fi local DETECTED_PROFILE DETECTED_PROFILE='' if [ "${SHELL#*bash}" != "$SHELL" ]; then if [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ]; then DETECTED_PROFILE="$HOME/.bashrc" elif [ -f "$HOME/.bash_profile" ]; then DETECTED_PROFILE="$HOME/.bash_profile" fi elif [ "${SHELL#*zsh}" != "$SHELL" ]; then if [ -f "$HOME/.zshrc" ]; then DETECTED_PROFILE="$HOME/.zshrc" elif [ -f "$HOME/.zprofile" ]; then DETECTED_PROFILE="$HOME/.zprofile" fi fi if [ -z "$DETECTED_PROFILE" ]; then for EACH_PROFILE in ".profile" ".bashrc" ".bash_profile" ".zprofile" ".zshrc" do if DETECTED_PROFILE="$(nvm_try_profile "${HOME}/${EACH_PROFILE}")"; then break fi done fi if [ -n "$DETECTED_PROFILE" ]; then nvm_echo "$DETECTED_PROFILE" fi } # # Check whether the user has any globally-installed npm modules in their system # Node, and warn them if so. # nvm_check_global_modules() { local NPM_COMMAND NPM_COMMAND="$(command -v npm 2>/dev/null)" || return 0 [ -n "${NVM_DIR}" ] && [ -z "${NPM_COMMAND%%"$NVM_DIR"/*}" ] && return 0 local NPM_VERSION NPM_VERSION="$(npm --version)" NPM_VERSION="${NPM_VERSION:--1}" [ "${NPM_VERSION%%[!-0-9]*}" -gt 0 ] || return 0 local NPM_GLOBAL_MODULES NPM_GLOBAL_MODULES="$( npm list -g --depth=0 | command sed -e '/ npm@/d' -e '/ (empty)$/d' )" local MODULE_COUNT MODULE_COUNT="$( command printf %s\\n "$NPM_GLOBAL_MODULES" | command sed -ne '1!p' | # Remove the first line wc -l | command tr -d ' ' # Count entries )" if [ "${MODULE_COUNT}" != '0' ]; then # shellcheck disable=SC2016 nvm_echo '=> You currently have modules installed globally with `npm`. These will no' # shellcheck disable=SC2016 nvm_echo '=> longer be linked to the active version of Node when you install a new node' # shellcheck disable=SC2016 nvm_echo '=> with `nvm`; and they may (depending on how you construct your `$PATH`)' # shellcheck disable=SC2016 nvm_echo '=> override the binaries of modules installed with `nvm`:' nvm_echo command printf %s\\n "$NPM_GLOBAL_MODULES" nvm_echo '=> If you wish to uninstall them at a later point (or re-install them under your' # shellcheck disable=SC2016 nvm_echo '=> `nvm` Nodes), you can remove them from the system Node as follows:' nvm_echo nvm_echo ' $ nvm use system' nvm_echo ' $ npm uninstall -g a_module' nvm_echo fi } nvm_do_install() { if [ -n "${NVM_DIR-}" ] && ! [ -d "${NVM_DIR}" ]; then if [ -e "${NVM_DIR}" ]; then nvm_echo >&2 "File \"${NVM_DIR}\" has the same name as installation directory." exit 1 fi if [ "${NVM_DIR}" = "$(nvm_default_install_dir)" ]; then mkdir "${NVM_DIR}" else nvm_echo >&2 "You have \$NVM_DIR set to \"${NVM_DIR}\", but that directory does not exist. Check your profile files and environment." exit 1 fi fi # Disable the optional which check, https://www.shellcheck.net/wiki/SC2230 # shellcheck disable=SC2230 if nvm_has xcode-select && [ "$(xcode-select -p >/dev/null 2>/dev/null ; echo $?)" = '2' ] && [ "$(which git)" = '/usr/bin/git' ] && [ "$(which curl)" = '/usr/bin/curl' ]; then nvm_echo >&2 'You may be on a Mac, and need to install the Xcode Command Line Developer Tools.' # shellcheck disable=SC2016 nvm_echo >&2 'If so, run `xcode-select --install` and try again. If not, please report this!' exit 1 fi if [ -z "${METHOD}" ]; then # Autodetect install method if nvm_has git; then install_nvm_from_git elif nvm_has curl || nvm_has wget; then install_nvm_as_script else nvm_echo >&2 'You need git, curl, or wget to install nvm' exit 1 fi elif [ "${METHOD}" = 'git' ]; then if ! nvm_has git; then nvm_echo >&2 "You need git to install nvm" exit 1 fi install_nvm_from_git elif [ "${METHOD}" = 'script' ]; then if ! nvm_has curl && ! nvm_has wget; then nvm_echo >&2 "You need curl or wget to install nvm" exit 1 fi install_nvm_as_script else nvm_echo >&2 "The environment variable \$METHOD is set to \"${METHOD}\", which is not recognized as a valid installation method." exit 1 fi nvm_echo local NVM_PROFILE NVM_PROFILE="$(nvm_detect_profile)" local PROFILE_INSTALL_DIR PROFILE_INSTALL_DIR="$(nvm_install_dir | command sed "s:^$HOME:\$HOME:")" SOURCE_STR="\\nexport NVM_DIR=\"${PROFILE_INSTALL_DIR}\"\\n[ -s \"\$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh\" ] && \\. \"\$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh\" # This loads nvm\\n" # shellcheck disable=SC2016 COMPLETION_STR='[ -s "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion" # This loads nvm bash_completion\n' BASH_OR_ZSH=false if [ -z "${NVM_PROFILE-}" ] ; then local TRIED_PROFILE if [ -n "${PROFILE}" ]; then TRIED_PROFILE="${NVM_PROFILE} (as defined in \$PROFILE), " fi nvm_echo "=> Profile not found. Tried ${TRIED_PROFILE-}~/.bashrc, ~/.bash_profile, ~/.zprofile, ~/.zshrc, and ~/.profile." nvm_echo "=> Create one of them and run this script again" nvm_echo " OR" nvm_echo "=> Append the following lines to the correct file yourself:" command printf "${SOURCE_STR}" nvm_echo else if nvm_profile_is_bash_or_zsh "${NVM_PROFILE-}"; then BASH_OR_ZSH=true fi if ! command grep -qc '/nvm.sh' "$NVM_PROFILE"; then nvm_echo "=> Appending nvm source string to $NVM_PROFILE" command printf "${SOURCE_STR}" >> "$NVM_PROFILE" else nvm_echo "=> nvm source string already in ${NVM_PROFILE}" fi # shellcheck disable=SC2016 if ${BASH_OR_ZSH} && ! command grep -qc '$NVM_DIR/bash_completion' "$NVM_PROFILE"; then nvm_echo "=> Appending bash_completion source string to $NVM_PROFILE" command printf "$COMPLETION_STR" >> "$NVM_PROFILE" else nvm_echo "=> bash_completion source string already in ${NVM_PROFILE}" fi fi if ${BASH_OR_ZSH} && [ -z "${NVM_PROFILE-}" ] ; then nvm_echo "=> Please also append the following lines to the if you are using bash/zsh shell:" command printf "${COMPLETION_STR}" fi # Source nvm # shellcheck source=/dev/null \. "$(nvm_install_dir)/nvm.sh" nvm_check_global_modules nvm_install_node nvm_reset nvm_echo "=> Close and reopen your terminal to start using nvm or run the following to use it now:" command printf "${SOURCE_STR}" if ${BASH_OR_ZSH} ; then command printf "${COMPLETION_STR}" fi } # # Unsets the various functions defined # during the execution of the install script # nvm_reset() { unset -f nvm_has nvm_install_dir nvm_latest_version nvm_profile_is_bash_or_zsh \ nvm_source nvm_node_version nvm_download install_nvm_from_git nvm_install_node \ install_nvm_as_script nvm_try_profile nvm_detect_profile nvm_check_global_modules \ nvm_do_install nvm_reset nvm_default_install_dir nvm_grep } [ "_$NVM_ENV" = "_testing" ] || nvm_do_install } # this ensures the entire script is downloaded #
