一、paramiko模块有什么用?
paramiko是用python语言写的一个模块,遵循SSH2协议,支持以加密和认证的方式,进行远程服务器的连接。由于使用的是python这样的能够跨平台运行的语言,所以所有python支持的平台,如Linux, Solaris, BSD, MacOS X, Windows等,paramiko都可以支持,因此,如果需要使用SSH从一个平台连接到另外一个平台,进行一系列的操作时,比如:批量执行命令,批量上传文件等操作,paramiko是最佳工具之一。
目前新的版本,官网在此:
https://github.com/paramiko/paramiko
旧版本在此:
http://www.lag.net/paramiko/legacy.html
要安装新版本paramiko模块需要做以下准备:
1.Python2.5+ 版本(Linux, Unix, Windows都可以),这里就直接安装Python2.7
下载地址:http://www.python.org
2.PyCrypto 2.1+ 模块(PyCrypto是使用Python编写的加密工具包)
下载地址:https://www.dlitz.net/software/pycrypto/
3.easy_install 工具(是Python安装模块的一个工具,像yum,可以自动解决依赖)
下载地址: http://peak.telecommunity.com/dist/ez_setup.py
如果大家感觉安装paramiko还是略有麻烦的话,当使用到paramiko提供的方便时便会觉得这是十分值得的。
二、Linux上安装paramiko(以CentOS 5.8 32位 为例)
1.查看Python的版本,是否满足要求
1 [root@server1 ~]# python -V 2 Python 2.4.3 3 [root@server1 ~]#
Windows上亦是此命令,注意是大写V
是2.4.3版本,需要升级
2.下载安装python2.7
1 [root@server2 ~]# wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.5/Python-2.7.5.tar.bz2 2 [root@server2 ~]# tar jxf Python-2.7.5.tar.bz2 3 [root@server2 ~]# cd Python-2.7.5 4 [root@server2 Python-2.7.5]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python2.7 5 [root@server2 Python-2.7.5]# make && make install 6 [root@server2 Python-2.7.5]# echo "PATH=/usr/local/python2.7/bin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile 7 [root@server2 Python-2.7.5]# source /etc/profile 8 [root@server2 Python-2.7.5]# python -V 9 Python 2.7.5 10 [root@server2 Python-2.7.5]# python 11 Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug 16 2013, 07:56:41) 12 [GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-52)] on linux2 13 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. 14 >>>
3.安装easy_install 工具
1 [root@server2 ~]# wget http://peak.telecommunity.com/dist/ez_setup.py 2 [root@server2 ~]# python ez_setup.py 3 Downloading http://pypi.python.org/packages/2.7/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg 4 Processing setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg 5 Copying setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg to /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages 6 Adding setuptools 0.6c11 to easy-install.pth file 7 Installing easy_install script to /usr/local/python2.7/bin 8 Installing easy_install-2.7 script to /usr/local/python2.7/bin 9 Installed /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg 10 Processing dependencies for setuptools==0.6c11 11 Finished processing dependencies for setuptools==0.6c11
只需要执行以上命令,即可安装好easy_install 工具
4.安装paramiko模块
使用以下命令,即可安装好paramiko模块
1 [root@server2 ~]# easy_install paramiko
进入Python导入paramiko一下试试
1 [root@server2 ~]# python 2 Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug 16 2013, 07:56:41) 3 [GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-52)] on linux2 4 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. 5 >>> import paramiko 6 /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pycrypto-2.6-py2.7-linux-i686.egg/Crypto/Util/number.py:57: PowmInsecureWarning: Not using mpz_powm_sec. You should rebuild using libgmp >= 5 to avoid timing attack vulnerability. 7 >>>
导入模块时,如果遇到以上问题,可能是由于gmp版本比较低造成的,gmp是啥,看官网的解释:
GMP is a free library for arbitrary precision arithmetic, operating on signed integers, rational numbers, and floating point numbers.
看样子是跟精度有关系
可以用以下方法解决:
先卸载低版本
1 root@server2 ~]# rpm -qa | grep gmp 2 gmp-devel-4.1.4-10.el5 3 gmp-4.1.4-10.el5 4 [root@server2 ~]# rpm -e gmp-devel-4.1.4-10.el5.i386 5 [root@server2 ~]# rpm -e gcc-gfortran-4.1.2-52.el5.i386 6 [root@server2 ~]# rpm -e gmp-4.1.4-10.el5 7 [root@server2 ~]# ldconfig 8 [root@server2 ~]#
然后安装高版本的gmp
1 [root@server2 ~]# wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gmp/gmp-5.1.2.tar.bz2 2 [root@server2 ~]# tar jxf gmp-5.1.2.tar.bz2 3 [root@server2 ~]# cd gmp-5.1.2 4 [root@server2 gmp-5.1.2]# ./configure && make && make install 5 [root@server2 gmp-5.1.2]# echo "/usr/local/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf 6 [root@server2 gmp-5.1.2]# ldconfig
再次尝试导入paramiko模块:
[root@server2 gmp-5.1.2]# python Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug 16 2013, 07:56:41) [GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-52)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import paramiko >>> dir(paramiko) ['AUTH_FAILED', 'AUTH_PARTIALLY_SUCCESSFUL', 'AUTH_SUCCESSFUL', 'Agent', 'AgentKey', 'AuthHandler', 'AuthenticationException', 'AutoAddPolicy', 'BadAuthenticationType', 'BadHostKeyException', 'BaseSFTP', 'BufferedFile', 'Channel', 'ChannelException', 'ChannelFile', 'DSSKey', 'HostKeys', 'InteractiveQuery', 'Message', 'MissingHostKeyPolicy', 'OPEN_FAILED_ADMINISTRATIVELY_PROHIBITED', 'OPEN_FAILED_CONNECT_FAILED', 'OPEN_FAILED_RESOURCE_SHORTAGE', 'OPEN_FAILED_UNKNOWN_CHANNEL_TYPE', 'OPEN_SUCCEEDED', 'PKey', 'Packetizer', 'PasswordRequiredException', 'ProxyCommand', 'ProxyCommandFailure', 'RSAKey', 'RejectPolicy', 'SFTP', 'SFTPAttributes', 'SFTPClient', 'SFTPError', 'SFTPFile', 'SFTPHandle', 'SFTPServer', 'SFTPServerInterface', 'SFTP_BAD_MESSAGE', 'SFTP_CONNECTION_LOST', 'SFTP_EOF', 'SFTP_FAILURE', 'SFTP_NO_CONNECTION', 'SFTP_NO_SUCH_FILE', 'SFTP_OK', 'SFTP_OP_UNSUPPORTED', 'SFTP_PERMISSION_DENIED', 'SSHClient', 'SSHConfig', 'SSHException', 'SecurityOptions', 'ServerInterface', 'SubsystemHandler', 'Transport', 'WarningPolicy', '__all__', '__author__', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__license__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__path__', '__version__', 'agent', 'auth_handler', 'ber', 'buffered_pipe', 'channel', 'client', 'common', 'compress', 'config', 'dsskey', 'file', 'hostkeys', 'io_sleep', 'kex_gex', 'kex_group1', 'message', 'packet', 'pipe', 'pkey', 'primes', 'proxy', 'resource', 'rsakey', 'server', 'sftp', 'sftp_attr', 'sftp_client', 'sftp_file', 'sftp_handle', 'sftp_server', 'sftp_si', 'ssh_exception', 'sys', 'transport', 'util'] >>>
一切正常,至此paramiko模块在Linux上安装完成