java io系列15之 DataOutputStream(数据输出流)的认知、源码和示例
本章介绍DataOutputStream。我们先对DataOutputStream有个大致认识,然后再深入学习它的源码,最后通过示例加深对它的了解。
转载请注明出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/skywang12345/p/io_15.html
DataOutputStream 介绍
DataOutputStream 是数据输出流。它继承于FilterOutputStream。
DataOutputStream 是用来装饰其它输出流,将DataOutputStream和DataInputStream输入流配合使用,“允许应用程序以与机器无关方式从底层输入流中读写基本 Java 数据类型”。
DataOutputStream 源码分析(基于jdk1.7.40)
1 package java.io;
2
3 public class DataOutputStream extends FilterOutputStream implements DataOutput {
4 // “数据输出流”的字节数
5 protected int written;
6
7 // “数据输出流”对应的字节数组
8 private byte[] bytearr = null;
9
10 // 构造函数
11 public DataOutputStream(OutputStream out) {
12 super(out);
13 }
14
15 // 增加“输出值”
16 private void incCount(int value) {
17 int temp = written + value;
18 if (temp < 0) {
19 temp = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
20 }
21 written = temp;
22 }
23
24 // 将int类型的值写入到“数据输出流”中
25 public synchronized void write(int b) throws IOException {
26 out.write(b);
27 incCount(1);
28 }
29
30 // 将字节数组b从off开始的len个字节,都写入到“数据输出流”中
31 public synchronized void write(byte b[], int off, int len)
32 throws IOException
33 {
34 out.write(b, off, len);
35 incCount(len);
36 }
37
38 // 清空缓冲,即将缓冲中的数据都写入到输出流中
39 public void flush() throws IOException {
40 out.flush();
41 }
42
43 // 将boolean类型的值写入到“数据输出流”中
44 public final void writeBoolean(boolean v) throws IOException {
45 out.write(v ? 1 : 0);
46 incCount(1);
47 }
48
49 // 将byte类型的值写入到“数据输出流”中
50 public final void writeByte(int v) throws IOException {
51 out.write(v);
52 incCount(1);
53 }
54
55 // 将short类型的值写入到“数据输出流”中
56 // 注意:short占2个字节
57 public final void writeShort(int v) throws IOException {
58 // 写入 short高8位 对应的字节
59 out.write((v >>> 8) & 0xFF);
60 // 写入 short低8位 对应的字节
61 out.write((v >>> 0) & 0xFF);
62 incCount(2);
63 }
64
65 // 将char类型的值写入到“数据输出流”中
66 // 注意:char占2个字节
67 public final void writeChar(int v) throws IOException {
68 // 写入 char高8位 对应的字节
69 out.write((v >>> 8) & 0xFF);
70 // 写入 char低8位 对应的字节
71 out.write((v >>> 0) & 0xFF);
72 incCount(2);
73 }
74
75 // 将int类型的值写入到“数据输出流”中
76 // 注意:int占4个字节
77 public final void writeInt(int v) throws IOException {
78 out.write((v >>> 24) & 0xFF);
79 out.write((v >>> 16) & 0xFF);
80 out.write((v >>> 8) & 0xFF);
81 out.write((v >>> 0) & 0xFF);
82 incCount(4);
83 }
84
85 private byte writeBuffer[] = new byte[8];
86
87 // 将long类型的值写入到“数据输出流”中
88 // 注意:long占8个字节
89 public final void writeLong(long v) throws IOException {
90 writeBuffer[0] = (byte)(v >>> 56);
91 writeBuffer[1] = (byte)(v >>> 48);
92 writeBuffer[2] = (byte)(v >>> 40);
93 writeBuffer[3] = (byte)(v >>> 32);
94 writeBuffer[4] = (byte)(v >>> 24);
95 writeBuffer[5] = (byte)(v >>> 16);
96 writeBuffer[6] = (byte)(v >>> 8);
97 writeBuffer[7] = (byte)(v >>> 0);
98 out.write(writeBuffer, 0, 8);
99 incCount(8);
100 }
101
102 // 将float类型的值写入到“数据输出流”中
103 public final void writeFloat(float v) throws IOException {
104 writeInt(Float.floatToIntBits(v));
105 }
106
107 // 将double类型的值写入到“数据输出流”中
108 public final void writeDouble(double v) throws IOException {
109 writeLong(Double.doubleToLongBits(v));
110 }
111
112 // 将String类型的值写入到“数据输出流”中
113 // 实际写入时,是将String对应的每个字符转换成byte数据后写入输出流中。
114 public final void writeBytes(String s) throws IOException {
115 int len = s.length();
116 for (int i = 0 ; i < len ; i++) {
117 out.write((byte)s.charAt(i));
118 }
119 incCount(len);
120 }
121
122 // 将String类型的值写入到“数据输出流”中
123 // 实际写入时,是将String对应的每个字符转换成char数据后写入输出流中。
124 public final void writeChars(String s) throws IOException {
125 int len = s.length();
126 for (int i = 0 ; i < len ; i++) {
127 int v = s.charAt(i);
128 out.write((v >>> 8) & 0xFF);
129 out.write((v >>> 0) & 0xFF);
130 }
131 incCount(len * 2);
132 }
133
134 // 将UTF-8类型的值写入到“数据输出流”中
135 public final void writeUTF(String str) throws IOException {
136 writeUTF(str, this);
137 }
138
139 // 将String数据以UTF-8类型的形式写入到“输出流out”中
140 static int writeUTF(String str, DataOutput out) throws IOException {
141 //获取String的长度
142 int strlen = str.length();
143 int utflen = 0;
144 int c, count = 0;
145
146 // 由于UTF-8是1~4个字节不等;
147 // 这里,根据UTF-8首字节的范围,判断UTF-8是几个字节的。
148 for (int i = 0; i < strlen; i++) {
149 c = str.charAt(i);
150 if ((c >= 0x0001) && (c <= 0x007F)) {
151 utflen++;
152 } else if (c > 0x07FF) {
153 utflen += 3;
154 } else {
155 utflen += 2;
156 }
157 }
158
159 if (utflen > 65535)
160 throw new UTFDataFormatException(
161 "encoded string too long: " + utflen + " bytes");
162
163 // 新建“字节数组bytearr”
164 byte[] bytearr = null;
165 if (out instanceof DataOutputStream) {
166 DataOutputStream dos = (DataOutputStream)out;
167 if(dos.bytearr == null || (dos.bytearr.length < (utflen+2)))
168 dos.bytearr = new byte[(utflen*2) + 2];
169 bytearr = dos.bytearr;
170 } else {
171 bytearr = new byte[utflen+2];
172 }
173
174 // “字节数组”的前2个字节保存的是“UTF-8数据的长度”
175 bytearr[count++] = (byte) ((utflen >>> 8) & 0xFF);
176 bytearr[count++] = (byte) ((utflen >>> 0) & 0xFF);
177
178 // 对UTF-8中的单字节数据进行预处理
179 int i=0;
180 for (i=0; i<strlen; i++) {
181 c = str.charAt(i);
182 if (!((c >= 0x0001) && (c <= 0x007F))) break;
183 bytearr[count++] = (byte) c;
184 }
185
186 // 对预处理后的数据,接着进行处理
187 for (;i < strlen; i++){
188 c = str.charAt(i);
189 // UTF-8数据是1个字节的情况
190 if ((c >= 0x0001) && (c <= 0x007F)) {
191 bytearr[count++] = (byte) c;
192
193 } else if (c > 0x07FF) {
194 // UTF-8数据是3个字节的情况
195 bytearr[count++] = (byte) (0xE0 | ((c >> 12) & 0x0F));
196 bytearr[count++] = (byte) (0x80 | ((c >> 6) & 0x3F));
197 bytearr[count++] = (byte) (0x80 | ((c >> 0) & 0x3F));
198 } else {
199 // UTF-8数据是2个字节的情况
200 bytearr[count++] = (byte) (0xC0 | ((c >> 6) & 0x1F));
201 bytearr[count++] = (byte) (0x80 | ((c >> 0) & 0x3F));
202 }
203 }
204 // 将字节数组写入到“数据输出流”中
205 out.write(bytearr, 0, utflen+2);
206 return utflen + 2;
207 }
208
209 public final int size() {
210 return written;
211 }
212 }
示例代码
关于DataOutStream中API的详细用法,参考示例代码(DataInputStreamTest.java):
1 import java.io.DataInputStream;
2 import java.io.DataOutputStream;
3 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
4 import java.io.File;
5 import java.io.InputStream;
6 import java.io.FileInputStream;
7 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
8 import java.io.IOException;
9 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
10 import java.lang.SecurityException;
11
12 /**
13 * DataInputStream 和 DataOutputStream测试程序
14 *
15 * @author skywang
16 */
17 public class DataInputStreamTest {
18
19 private static final int LEN = 5;
20
21 public static void main(String[] args) {
22 // 测试DataOutputStream,将数据写入到输出流中。
23 testDataOutputStream() ;
24 // 测试DataInputStream,从上面的输出流结果中读取数据。
25 testDataInputStream() ;
26 }
27
28 /**
29 * DataOutputStream的API测试函数
30 */
31 private static void testDataOutputStream() {
32
33 try {
34 File file = new File("file.txt");
35 DataOutputStream out =
36 new DataOutputStream(
37 new FileOutputStream(file));
38
39 out.writeBoolean(true);
40 out.writeByte((byte)0x41);
41 out.writeChar((char)0x4243);
42 out.writeShort((short)0x4445);
43 out.writeInt(0x12345678);
44 out.writeLong(0x0FEDCBA987654321L);
45
46 out.writeUTF("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz严12");
47
48 out.close();
49 } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
50 e.printStackTrace();
51 } catch (SecurityException e) {
52 e.printStackTrace();
53 } catch (IOException e) {
54 e.printStackTrace();
55 }
56 }
57 /**
58 * DataInputStream的API测试函数
59 */
60 private static void testDataInputStream() {
61
62 try {
63 File file = new File("file.txt");
64 DataInputStream in =
65 new DataInputStream(
66 new FileInputStream(file));
67
68 System.out.printf("byteToHexString(0x8F):0x%s\n", byteToHexString((byte)0x8F));
69 System.out.printf("charToHexString(0x8FCF):0x%s\n", charToHexString((char)0x8FCF));
70
71 System.out.printf("readBoolean():%s\n", in.readBoolean());
72 System.out.printf("readByte():0x%s\n", byteToHexString(in.readByte()));
73 System.out.printf("readChar():0x%s\n", charToHexString(in.readChar()));
74 System.out.printf("readShort():0x%s\n", shortToHexString(in.readShort()));
75 System.out.printf("readInt():0x%s\n", Integer.toHexString(in.readInt()));
76 System.out.printf("readLong():0x%s\n", Long.toHexString(in.readLong()));
77 System.out.printf("readUTF():%s\n", in.readUTF());
78
79 in.close();
80 } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
81 e.printStackTrace();
82 } catch (SecurityException e) {
83 e.printStackTrace();
84 } catch (IOException e) {
85 e.printStackTrace();
86 }
87 }
88
89 // 打印byte对应的16进制的字符串
90 private static String byteToHexString(byte val) {
91 return Integer.toHexString(val & 0xff);
92 }
93
94 // 打印char对应的16进制的字符串
95 private static String charToHexString(char val) {
96 return Integer.toHexString(val);
97 }
98
99 // 打印short对应的16进制的字符串
100 private static String shortToHexString(short val) {
101 return Integer.toHexString(val & 0xffff);
102 }
103 }
运行结果:
byteToHexString(0x8F):0x8f
charToHexString(0x8FCF):0x8fcf
readBoolean():true
readByte():0x41
readChar():0x4243
readShort():0x4445
readInt():0x12345678
readLong():0xfedcba987654321
readUTF():abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz严12
结果说明: