【mysql】liunx服务器安装mysql服务器

一、下载mysql安装包

https://www.mysql.com/downloads/

 

 

 

二、安装包进行解压

2.1、解压安装包

在目录/usr/local/目录下

mysql-8.0.39-linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar

tar -xvf mysql-8.0.39-linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar
tar -xvf mysql-8.0.39-linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz

将解压出来的文件重名为mysql文件

mv mysql-8.0.39-linux-glibc2.28-x86_64 mysql

 

2.2、创建mysql用户组和mysqlu用户，并授权

#创建用户组
groupadd mysql     #创建用户组
# -r 参数表示 mysql 用户是系统用户，不可用于登录系统，创建用户 mysql 并将其添加到用户组 mysql 中
useradd -r -g mysqlu mysql



#分配用户组
sudo chown -R mysqlu /usr/local/mysql/ # 将文件的所有属性改为 mysql 用户
sudo chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/ # 将组属性改为 mysql 组

#创建数据目录并赋予权限
sudo mkdir -p /data/mysql #数据目录
sudo chown mysqlu:mysql -R /data/mysql

 

2.3、编辑/etc/my.cnf并保存配置文件内容

[mysqld]
# 设置3306端口
port=3306
#启动用户
user=mysqlu
# 设置mysql的安装目录
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

#为MySQL客户端程序和服务器之间的本地通讯指定一个套接字文件
socket =/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
#pid文件所在目录
pid-file =/usr/local/mysql/mysql.pid
# 允许最大连接数
max_connections=200
# 允许连接失败的次数。
max_connect_errors=10
# 服务端使用的字符集默认为utf8mb4
character-set-server=utf8mb4
# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB
# 默认使用“mysql_native_password”插件认证
#mysql_native_password
#default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
[mysql]
# 设置mysql客户端默认字符集
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[client]
# 设置mysql客户端连接服务端时默认使用的端口
port=3306
default-character-set=utf8mb4
socket =/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

2.4、创建数据存储目录并授权

2.5、初始化MySQL数据库

关注初始化密码： alGijw.Gh6we

cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
sudo ./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data  --user=mysqlu --initialize

 

sudo ./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --user=mysqlu --initialize
2024-07-30T13:00:35.813404Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.39) initializing of server in progress as process 1712646
2024-07-30T13:00:35.823399Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2024-07-30T13:00:36.633252Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2024-07-30T13:00:39.650550Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: alGijw.Gh6we

2.5、启动mysql数据库服务

加入到系统服务

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

启动mysql服务

sudo service mysql start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/VM-212-227-tencentos.err'.
. SUCCESS! 

登录数据库并修改初始密码

[xxshang@VM-212-227-tencentos mysql]$ mysql -u root
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
[xxshang@VM-212-227-tencentos mysql]$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.39

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> alter user "root"@"localhost" identified by "shangxiaofei";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>