CBV与FBV restful协议 ---- 一切皆是资源,操作只是请求方式 ----book表增删改查 /books/ books /books/add/ addbook /books/(\d+)/change/ changebook /books/(\d+)/delete/ delbook ----book表增删改查 /books/ -----get books ----- 返回当前所有数据 /books/ -----post books ----- 返回提交数据 /books/(\d+)-----get bookdetail ----- 返回当前查看的单条数据 /books/(\d+)-----put bookdetail ----- 返回更新数据 /books/(\d+)-----delete bookdetail ----- 返回空 class Books(View): def get(self,request): pass # 查看所有书籍 def post(self,request)： pass # 添加书籍 class BooksDetail(View): def get(self,request,id): pass # 查看具体书籍 def put(self,request,id): pass # 更新某本书籍 def delete(self,request,id)： pass # 删除某本书籍 restframework(Django) ----针对数据：json (1)Django的原生request: 浏览器 ------------- 服务器 "GET url?a=1&b=2 http/1.1\r\user_agent:Google\r\ncontentType:urlencoded\r\n\r\n" "POST url http/1.1\r\user_agent:Google\r\ncontentType:urlencoded\r\n\r\na=1&b=2" request.body: a=1&b=2 request.POST: if contentType:urlencoded: a=1&b=2----->{"a":1,"b":2} (2)restframework 下的APIView： (3) class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer): name=serializers.CharField() email=serializers.CharField() PublishSerializers(queryset,many=true) PublishSerializers(model_obj) 总结： 1 reuqest类----源码 2 restframework 下的APIView--源码 url(r'^books/$', views.BookView.as_view(),name="books")# View下的view books/一旦被访问： view(request) ------APIView: dispatch() 3 def dispatch(): 构建request对象 self.request=Request(request) self.request._request self.request.GET # get self.request.data # POST PUT 分发----if get请求： if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names: handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), self.http_method_not_allowed) else: handler = self.http_method_not_allowed response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs) # self.get(request, *args, **kwargs) return response 4 序列化类 # from django.core import serializers # ret=serializers.serialize("json",publish_list) restframework下的序列类 BookModelSerializers 将queryset或者model对象序列成一json数据 bs=BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request}) bs=BookModelSerializers(book,context={'request': request}) 还可以做校验数据，json-------》queryset/model-->记录 bs=BookModelSerializers(data=request.data) if bs.is_valid(): print(bs.validated_data) bs.save() # 重写create方法 5 操作数据： 以Book表为例 class BookView(APIView): # 查看所有书籍 def get(self,request): book_list=Book.objects.all() bs=BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request}) return Response(bs.data) # 添加一本书籍 def post(self,request): # post请求的数据 bs=BookModelSerializers(data=request.data) if bs.is_valid(): print(bs.validated_data) bs.save()# create方法 return Response(bs.data) else: return Response(bs.errors) class BookDetailView(APIView): # 查看一本书籍 def get(self,request,id): book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first() bs=BookModelSerializers(book,context={'request': request}) return Response(bs.data) # 更新一本书籍 def put(self,request,id): book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first() bs=BookModelSerializers(book,data=request.data) if bs.is_valid(): bs.save() return Response(bs.data) else: return Response(bs.errors) # 删除某一本书籍 def delete(self,request,id): Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete() return Response()
1 CBV 2 APIView class BookView（APIView）：pass url(r'^books/$', views.BookView.as_view(),name="books"), url(r'^books/$', View类下的view,name="books"), 一旦访问books/: view(request)======APIView类下的dispatch()====请求方式对应的示例方法() 3 def dispatch()： #一 初始化操作 # (1) 构建新的request: self.request=self.initial_request() # self.request._request # self.request.GET # self.request.data # (2) 执行组件 # 认证，权限，频率 # 认证：request.user self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs) ==== # 认证组件 self.perform_authentication(request) ==== request.user ===== for authenticator in self.authenticators: # [TokenAuth(),] try: user_auth_tuple = authenticator.authenticate(self) except exceptions.APIException: self._not_authenticated() raise if user_auth_tuple is not None: self._authenticator = authenticator self.user, self.auth = user_auth_tuple return # 权限组件 self.check_permissions(request) =========== for permission in self.get_permissions(): if not permission.has_permission(request, self): self.permission_denied( request, message=getattr(permission, 'message', None) ) # 频率组件 self.check_throttles(request) ============= for throttle in self.get_throttles(): # [VisitRateThrottle(),] if not throttle.allow_request(request, self): self.throttled(request, throttle.wait()) # 受限制 # 分发 if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names: handler = getattr(self,request.method.lower(), self.http_method_not_allowed) response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs) return response 4 序列化组件 class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer): name = serializers.CharField() email = serializers.CharField() class PublishModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model=Publish fields="__all__" # queryset或者model对象-------------》json数据 ps=PublishSerializers(queryset,many=True) ps.data # [{},{},{}] ps=PublishSerializers(model_obj,many=False) ps.data # {} # json数据-------》记录 # 添加操作 ps=PublishSerializers(data=request.data) if ps.is_valid(): ps.save() # create # 更新操作 ps=PublishSerializers(model_obj,data=request.data) if ps.is_valid(): ps.save() # update 5 视图组件 # 版本1： # Book表 class BookView(APIView): def get(self,request): book_list=Book.objects.all() bs=BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request}) return Response(bs.data) def post(self,request): # post请求的数据 bs=BookModelSerializers(data=request.data) if bs.is_valid(): print(bs.validated_data) bs.save()# create方法 return Response(bs.data) else: return Response(bs.errors) class BookDetailView(APIView): def get(self,request,id): book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first() bs=BookModelSerializers(book,context={'request': request}) return Response(bs.data) def put(self,request,id): book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first() bs=BookModelSerializers(book,data=request.data) if bs.is_valid(): bs.save() return Response(bs.data) else: return Response(bs.errors) def delete(self,request,id): Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete() return Response() # 版本2：mixIn from rest_framework import mixins from rest_framework import generics class AuthorView(mixins.ListModelMixin,mixins.CreateModelMixin,generics.GenericAPIView): queryset=Author.objects.all() serializer_class =AuthorModelSerializers def get(self,request, *args, **kwargs): return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs) def post(self,request, *args, **kwargs): return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs) class AuthorDetailView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,mixins.DestroyModelMixin,mixins.UpdateModelMixin,generics.GenericAPIView): queryset = Author.objects.all() serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers def get(self,request,*args, **kwargs): return self.retrieve(request,*args, **kwargs) def delete(self,request,*args, **kwargs): return self.destroy(request,*args, **kwargs) def put(self,request,*args, **kwargs): return self.retrieve(request,*args, **kwargs) # 版本3：基于通用类 from rest_framework import mixins from rest_framework import generics class AuthorView(generics.ListCreateAPIView): queryset=Author.objects.all() serializer_class =AuthorModelSerializers class AuthorDetailView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView): queryset = Author.objects.all() serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers # 版本4 class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet): queryset = Author.objects.all() serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"), url(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"retrieve","put" 流程： url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"), url(r'^authors/$', ViewSetMixin.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"), url(r'^authors/$', ViewSetMixin类下的view), 一旦访问 /authors/: ViewSetMixin def view(): for method, action in actions.items(): # {"get":"list","post":"create"} handler = getattr(self, action) # self.list self.create setattr(self, method, handler) self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs) APIView类下的self.dispatch # 分发 if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names: handler = getattr(self,request.method.lower(), self.http_method_not_allowed) response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs) # self.list() return response 6 认证权限频率 组件 request.META: {'ALLUSERSPROFILE': 'C:\\ProgramData', 'APPDATA': 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Roaming', 'COMMONPROGRAMFILES': 'C:\\Program Files\\Common Files', 'COMMONPROGRAMFILES(X86)': 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Common Files', 'COMMONPROGRAMW6432': 'C:\\Program Files\\Common Files', 'COMPUTERNAME': 'PC201712041709', 'COMSPEC': 'C:\\Windows\\system32\\cmd.exe', 'DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE': 'restdemo.settings', 'FP_NO_HOST_CHECK': 'NO', 'HOMEDRIVE': 'C:', 'HOMEPATH': '\\Users\\Administrator', 'LOCALAPPDATA': 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local', 'LOGONSERVER': '\\\\PC201712041709', 'NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS': '4', 'OS': 'Windows_NT', 'PATH': 'C:\\Windows\\system32;C:\\Windows;C:\\Windows\\System32\\Wbem;C:\\Windows\\System32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\;C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36;C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36\\Scripts;C:\\Python27;E:\\MySQL Server 5.6\\bin;C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36\\Scripts\\;C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36\\;C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\atom\\bin', 'PATHEXT': '.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC', 'PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE': 'AMD64', 'PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER': 'Intel64 Family 6 Model 60 Stepping 3, GenuineIntel', 'PROCESSOR_LEVEL': '6', 'PROCESSOR_REVISION': '3c03', 'PROGRAMDATA': 'C:\\ProgramData', 'PROGRAMFILES': 'C:\\Program Files', 'PROGRAMFILES(X86)': 'C:\\Program Files (x86)', 'PROGRAMW6432': 'C:\\Program Files', 'PSMODULEPATH': 'C:\\Windows\\system32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\Modules\\', 'PUBLIC': 'C:\\Users\\Public', 'PYCHARM_HOSTED': '1', 'PYTHONIOENCODING': 'UTF-8', 'PYTHONPATH': 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\PycharmProjects\\s9\\restdemo', 'PYTHONUNBUFFERED': '1', 'SESSIONNAME': 'Console', 'SYSTEMDRIVE': 'C:', 'SYSTEMROOT': 'C:\\Windows', 'TEMP': 'C:\\Users\\ADMINI~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp', 'TMP': 'C:\\Users\\ADMINI~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp', 'USERDOMAIN': 'PC201712041709', 'USERNAME': 'Administrator', 'USERPROFILE': 'C:\\Users\\Administrator', 'WINDIR': 'C:\\Windows', 'WINDOWS_TRACING_FLAGS': '3', 'WINDOWS_TRACING_LOGFILE': 'C:\\BVTBin\\Tests\\installpackage\\csilogfile.log', 'RUN_MAIN': 'true', 'SERVER_NAME': 'PC201712041709', 'GATEWAY_INTERFACE': 'CGI/1.1', 'SERVER_PORT': '8000', 'REMOTE_HOST': '', 'CONTENT_LENGTH': '', 'SCRIPT_NAME': '', 'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.1', 'SERVER_SOFTWARE': 'WSGIServer/0.2', 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET', 'PATH_INFO': '/authors/', 'QUERY_STRING': 'token=8204b8e3ac40bf59ae480d17c146b51a', 'REMOTE_ADDR': '127.0.0.1', 'CONTENT_TYPE': 'text/plain', 'HTTP_HOST': '127.0.0.1:8000', 'HTTP_CONNECTION': 'keep-alive', 'HTTP_USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36', 'HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS': '1', 'HTTP_ACCEPT': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8', 'HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING': 'gzip, deflate, br', 'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9', 'HTTP_COOKIE': 'csrftoken=jtus3l4GJEc9TFXWYCWxkBIZprcOv7C1vFMIyOHs7Zkxt015FwVZ2KEEeDV6LOyN', 'wsgi.input': <_io.BufferedReader name=832>, 'wsgi.errors': <_io.TextIOWrapper name='<stderr>' mode='w' encoding='UTF-8'>, 'wsgi.version': (1, 0), 'wsgi.run_once': False, 'wsgi.url_scheme': 'http', 'wsgi.multithread': True, 'wsgi.multiprocess': False, 'wsgi.file_wrapper': <class 'wsgiref.util.FileWrapper'>} 7 解析器-----数据解析器 from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser,FormParser,MultiPartParser,FileUploadParser parser_classes = [JSONParser,FormParser] 8 路由控制 针对： url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"), url(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"retrieve","put":"update","delete":"destroy"}),name="detailauthor"), class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet): queryset = Author.objects.all() serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers url(r'^books/$', views.BookModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"), url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.BookModelView.as_view({"get":"retrieve","put":"update","delete":"destroy"}),name="detailbook"), class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet): queryset = Author.objects.all() serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers 9 分页 10 响应器 Response
