VINS(八)初始化
首先通过imu预积分陀螺仪和视觉特征匹配分解Fundamental矩阵获取rotationMatrix之间的约束关系,联立方程组可以求得外参旋转矩阵;
接下来会检测当前frame_count是否达到WINDOW_SIZE,确保有足够的frame参与初始化;
bool Estimator::initialStructure();
1. 保证imu充分运动,只需要考察线加速度的变化,计算窗口中加速度的标准差,标准差大于0.25则代表imu充分激励,足够初始化(这一部分在ios版本实现中被注释掉了,不知道为什么):
{ map<double, ImageFrame>::iterator frame_it; Vector3d sum_g; for (frame_it = all_image_frame.begin(), frame_it++; frame_it != all_image_frame.end(); frame_it++) { double dt = frame_it->second.pre_integration->sum_dt; Vector3d tmp_g = frame_it->second.pre_integration->delta_v / dt; sum_g += tmp_g; } Vector3d aver_g; aver_g = sum_g * 1.0 / ((int)all_image_frame.size() - 1); // Standard deviation of linear_acceleration double var = 0; for (frame_it = all_image_frame.begin(), frame_it++; frame_it != all_image_frame.end(); frame_it++) { double dt = frame_it->second.pre_integration->sum_dt; Vector3d tmp_g = frame_it->second.pre_integration->delta_v / dt; var += (tmp_g - aver_g).transpose() * (tmp_g - aver_g); //cout << "frame g " << tmp_g.transpose() << endl; } var = sqrt(var / ((int)all_image_frame.size() - 1)); //ROS_WARN("IMU variation %f!", var); if(var < 0.25) { ROS_INFO("IMU excitation not enouth!"); //return false; } }
2. 纯视觉初始化,对Sliding Window中的图像帧和相机姿态求解sfm问题:
a. 首先通过FeatureManeger获取特征匹配,考察最新的keyFrame和sliding window中某个keyFrame之间有足够feature匹配和足够大的视差(id为l),这两帧之间通过五点法恢复出R,t并且三角化出3D的feature point:
relativePose(relative_R, relative_T, l)
b. 3D的feature point和sliding window中的keyFrame的2D feature求解PnP,并且使用ceres优化:
sfm.construct(frame_count + 1, Q, T, l, relative_R, relative_T, sfm_f, sfm_tracked_points)
c. 所有的frame求解PnP
cv::solvePnP(pts_3_vector, pts_2_vector, K, D, rvec, t, 1)
3. imu与视觉对齐,获取绝对尺度
bool Estimator::visualInitialAlign()
a. 求解陀螺仪零偏metric scale,这里的metric scale指的是imu和sfm结果进行对齐需要的比例:
bool result = VisualIMUAlignment(all_image_frame, Bgs, g, x);
bool VisualIMUAlignment(map<double, ImageFrame> &all_image_frame, Vector3d* Bgs, Vector3d &g, VectorXd &x) { solveGyroscopeBias(all_image_frame, Bgs); if(SolveScale(all_image_frame, g, x)) return true; else return false; }
b. 初始化成功,则对于imu数据需要repropogate,也就是从当前时刻开始预积分;同时通过三角化和上一步计算的scale可以获得每个feature的深度;
至此,视觉和imu已经对齐