ROS(二)Service通信
使用自定义的消息类型,实现service方式的节点间双向通信
在package目录下创建msg和srv目录,存放package需要使用的.msg和.srv文件.
在ROS中,message被设计为一种称为"language-neutral interface definition language (IDL)"的接口型定义语言.例如描述点云的消息类型通常被定义为:
Header header // 包含ROS中常用的时间戳和坐标系信息
Point32[] pts
ChannelFloat32[] chan
消息类型类似与C语言中的结构体,但是对于具体的ROS实现语言如C++或者Python,这种消息类型是无法兼容的,因此需要使用message_generation根据具体实现语言转换为C++或者Python源代码.
定义完.msg文件后需要修改Package.xml,编译时使用message_generation生成消息类型对应目标语言的源代码,运行时,需要依赖message_runtime
<build_depend>message_generation</build_depend> <run_depend>message_runtime</run_depend>
并且修改CMakeLists.txt
find_package(catkin REQUIRED COMPONENTS
roscpp
rospy
std_msgs
message_generation
)
catkin_package(
...
CATKIN_DEPENDS message_runtime ...
...)
add_message_files(
FILES
***.msg
)
generate_messages(
DEPENDENCIES
std_msgs
)
1. 在依赖的catkin组件中添加message_generation.以及动态链接的message_runtime;
2. 添加*.msg文件,要和msg目录下的.msg文件对应;
3. 最后,需要确保一个generate_messages()函数被调用,用于生成自定义msg的C++或者Python源文件,如果自定义的msg中使用了std_msgs类型,例如int64, Header等等,还需要添加依赖,一般std_msgs是必须的,这里还可以添加别的依赖消息类型.
这里需要注意,定义.srv文件完成后和定义.msg文件完成后需要做的事情完全一样,因为.srv文件也是通过message_generation来生成对应的C++/Python/Lisp/Octave源文件的.
生成的.msg和.srv文件(C++或者Python,Lisp,Octave实现)在catkin(而不是package目录)的devel目录下.因此如果其他package使用当前package中定义的消息类型,实际包含的是该文件.唯一的区别就是在CMakeLists.txt中需要加入.srv文件:
add_service_files( FILES ***.srv )
一般来说,习惯是"A good ROS practice is to collect related messages, services and actions into a separate package with no other API. That simplifies the package dependency graph."在另外一个独立的package中,将所有需要的messages, services,以及actions都定义好,该package不提供别的功能,这样package的依赖关系比较容易处理.注意,使用别的package的这些类型,需要再修改Package.xml添加包依赖:
<build_depend>name_of_package_containing_custom_msg</build_depend> <run_depend>name_of_package_containing_custom_msg</run_depend>
最后我们使用C++在package的src目录下实现一个service通信的服务器端server.cpp和client.cpp
server.cpp:
// // Created by shang on 4/11/17. // #include "ros/ros.h" // in ~/catkin_ws/devel/include for C++ #include "my_service_test/my_srv.h" bool judge(my_service_test::my_srv::Request& req, my_service_test::my_srv::Response& res) { if(req.req%2) res.res = 1; else res.res = 0; ROS_INFO("request:x=%ld", (long int)req.req); ROS_INFO("sending back response:[%ld]",(long int)res.res); return true; } int main(int argc, char** argv) { ros::init(argc, argv, "odev_server"); ros::NodeHandle n; ros::ServiceServer service = n.advertiseService("odev_service",judge); ROS_INFO("Ready to judge."); ros::spin(); return 0; }
client.cpp:
// // Created by shang on 4/11/17. // #include "ros/ros.h" #include "my_service_test/my_srv.h" #include <cstdlib> int main(int argc, char** argv){ ros::init(argc, argv, "odev_client"); ros::NodeHandle n; ros::ServiceClient client = n.serviceClient<my_service_test::my_srv>("odev_service"); my_service_test::my_srv srv; srv.request.req = atoll(argv[1]); if(client.call(srv)){ if(srv.response.res) ROS_INFO("odd or even: odd"); else ROS_INFO("odd or even: even"); } else{ ROS_ERROR("Failed to judge!"); return 1; } return 0; }
修改CMakeLists.txt配置这两个文件的编译过程:
# for "ros/ros.h" include_directories( # opt/ros/indigo/include ${catkin_INCLUDE_DIRS} ) add_executable(odev_server src/odev_server.cpp) target_link_libraries(odev_server ${catkin_LIBRARIES}) add_dependencies(odev_server my_service_test_gencpp) add_executable(odev_client src/odev_client.cpp) target_link_libraries(odev_client ${catkin_LIBRARIES}) add_dependencies(odev_client my_service_test_gencpp)
catkin_make后
运行
roscore
rosrun my_service_test odev_server
rosrun my_service_test odev_client 3
并且注意,其实service并不一定需要使用自定义的msg,因此在该程序的CMakeLists.txt中,不需要add_message_files()