zookeeper(五):Zookeeper中的Access Control(ACL)
概述
传统的文件系统中,ACL分为两个维度,一个是属组,一个是权限,子目录/文件默认继承父目录的ACL。而在Zookeeper中,node的ACL是没有继承关系的,是独立控制的。
Zookeeper的ACL,可以从三个维度来理解:一是scheme; 二是user; 三是permission,通常表示为scheme:id:permissions,
下面从这三个方面分别来介绍:
1.scheme: scheme
对应于采用哪种方案来进行权限管理,zookeeper实现了一个pluggable的ACL方案,可以通过扩展scheme,来扩展ACL的机制。zookeeper-3.4.4缺省支持下面几种scheme:
world: 它下面只有一个id, 叫anyone, world:anyone代表任何人,zookeeper中对所有人有权限的结点就是属于world:anyone的
auth: 它不需要id, 只要是通过authentication的user都有权限(zookeeper支持通过kerberos来进行authencation, 也支持username/password形式的authentication)
digest: 它对应的id为username:BASE64(SHA1(password)),它需要先通过username:password形式的authentication
ip: 它对应的id为客户机的IP地址,设置的时候可以设置一个ip段,比如ip:192.168.1.0/16, 表示匹配前16个bit的IP段
super: 在这种scheme情况下,对应的id拥有超级权限,可以做任何事情(cdrwa)
sasl: sasl的对应的id,是一个通过sasl authentication用户的id,zookeeper-3.4.4中的sasl authentication是通过kerberos来实现的,也就是说用户只有通过了kerberos认证,才能访问它有权限的node.
2 . id
id与scheme是紧密相关的,具体的情况在上面介绍scheme的过程都已介绍,这里不再赘述。
3. permission
zookeeper目前支持下面一些权限:
CREATE(c): 创建权限,可以在在当前node下创建child node
DELETE(d): 删除权限,可以删除当前的node
READ(r): 读权限,可以获取当前node的数据,可以list当前node所有的child nodes
WRITE(w): 写权限,可以向当前node写数据
ADMIN(a): 管理权限,可以设置当前node的permission
digest模式下的示例
public class ZookeeperAuth implements Watcher { /** 连接地址 */ final static String CONNECT_ADDR = "192.168.252.132:2181"; /** 测试路径 */ final static String PATH = "/testAuth"; final static String PATH_DEL = "/testAuth/delNode"; /** 认证类型 */ final static String authentication_type = "digest"; /** 认证正确方法 */ final static String correctAuthentication = "123456"; /** 认证错误方法 */ final static String badAuthentication = "654321"; static ZooKeeper zk = null; /** 计时器 */ AtomicInteger seq = new AtomicInteger(); /** 标识 */ private static final String LOG_PREFIX_OF_MAIN = "【Main】"; private CountDownLatch connectedSemaphore = new CountDownLatch(1); @Override public void process(WatchedEvent event) { try { Thread.sleep(200); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } if (event==null) { return; } // 连接状态 KeeperState keeperState = event.getState(); // 事件类型 EventType eventType = event.getType(); // 受影响的path String path = event.getPath(); String logPrefix = "【Watcher-" + this.seq.incrementAndGet() + "】"; System.out.println(logPrefix + "收到Watcher通知"); System.out.println(logPrefix + "连接状态:\t" + keeperState.toString()); System.out.println(logPrefix + "事件类型:\t" + eventType.toString()); if (KeeperState.SyncConnected == keeperState) { // 成功连接上ZK服务器 if (EventType.None == eventType) { System.out.println(logPrefix + "成功连接上ZK服务器"); connectedSemaphore.countDown(); } } else if (KeeperState.Disconnected == keeperState) { System.out.println(logPrefix + "与ZK服务器断开连接"); } else if (KeeperState.AuthFailed == keeperState) { System.out.println(logPrefix + "权限检查失败"); } else if (KeeperState.Expired == keeperState) { System.out.println(logPrefix + "会话失效"); } System.out.println("--------------------------------------------"); } /** * 创建ZK连接 * * @param connectString * ZK服务器地址列表 * @param sessionTimeout * Session超时时间 */ public void createConnection(String connectString, int sessionTimeout) { this.releaseConnection(); try { zk = new ZooKeeper(connectString, sessionTimeout, this); //添加节点授权 zk.addAuthInfo(authentication_type,correctAuthentication.getBytes()); System.out.println(LOG_PREFIX_OF_MAIN + "开始连接ZK服务器"); //倒数等待 connectedSemaphore.await(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 关闭ZK连接 */ public void releaseConnection() { if (this.zk!=null) { try { this.zk.close(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } } } /** * * <B>方法名称:</B>测试函数<BR> * <B>概要说明:</B>测试认证<BR> * @param args * @throws Exception */ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ZookeeperAuth testAuth = new ZookeeperAuth(); testAuth.createConnection(CONNECT_ADDR,2000); List<ACL> acls = new ArrayList<ACL>(1); for (ACL ids_acl : Ids.CREATOR_ALL_ACL) { acls.add(ids_acl); } try { zk.create(PATH, "init content".getBytes(), acls, CreateMode.PERSISTENT); System.out.println("使用授权key:" + correctAuthentication + "创建节点:"+ PATH + ", 初始内容是: init content"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } try { zk.create(PATH_DEL, "will be deleted! ".getBytes(), acls, CreateMode.PERSISTENT); System.out.println("使用授权key:" + correctAuthentication + "创建节点:"+ PATH_DEL + ", 初始内容是: init content"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } // 获取数据 getDataByNoAuthentication(); getDataByBadAuthentication(); getDataByCorrectAuthentication(); // 更新数据 updateDataByNoAuthentication(); updateDataByBadAuthentication(); updateDataByCorrectAuthentication(); // 删除数据 deleteNodeByBadAuthentication(); deleteNodeByNoAuthentication(); deleteNodeByCorrectAuthentication(); // Thread.sleep(1000); deleteParent(); //释放连接 testAuth.releaseConnection(); } /** 获取数据:采用错误的密码 */ static void getDataByBadAuthentication() { String prefix = "[使用错误的授权信息]"; try { ZooKeeper badzk = new ZooKeeper(CONNECT_ADDR, 2000, null); //授权 badzk.addAuthInfo(authentication_type,badAuthentication.getBytes()); Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println(prefix + "获取数据:" + PATH); System.out.println(prefix + "成功获取数据:" + badzk.getData(PATH, false, null)); } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println(prefix + "获取数据失败,原因:" + e.getMessage()); } } /** 获取数据:不采用密码 */ static void getDataByNoAuthentication() { String prefix = "[不使用任何授权信息]"; try { System.out.println(prefix + "获取数据:" + PATH); ZooKeeper nozk = new ZooKeeper(CONNECT_ADDR, 2000, null); Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println(prefix + "成功获取数据:" + nozk.getData(PATH, false, null)); } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println(prefix + "获取数据失败,原因:" + e.getMessage()); } } /** 采用正确的密码 */ static void getDataByCorrectAuthentication() { String prefix = "[使用正确的授权信息]"; try { System.out.println(prefix + "获取数据:" + PATH); System.out.println(prefix + "成功获取数据:" + zk.getData(PATH, false, null)); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(prefix + "获取数据失败,原因:" + e.getMessage()); } } /** * 更新数据:不采用密码 */ static void updateDataByNoAuthentication() { String prefix = "[不使用任何授权信息]"; System.out.println(prefix + "更新数据: " + PATH); try { ZooKeeper nozk = new ZooKeeper(CONNECT_ADDR, 2000, null); Thread.sleep(2000); Stat stat = nozk.exists(PATH, false); if (stat!=null) { nozk.setData(PATH, prefix.getBytes(), -1); System.out.println(prefix + "更新成功"); } } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println(prefix + "更新失败,原因是:" + e.getMessage()); } } /** * 更新数据:采用错误的密码 */ static void updateDataByBadAuthentication() { String prefix = "[使用错误的授权信息]"; System.out.println(prefix + "更新数据:" + PATH); try { ZooKeeper badzk = new ZooKeeper(CONNECT_ADDR, 2000, null); //授权 badzk.addAuthInfo(authentication_type,badAuthentication.getBytes()); Thread.sleep(2000); Stat stat = badzk.exists(PATH, false); if (stat!=null) { badzk.setData(PATH, prefix.getBytes(), -1); System.out.println(prefix + "更新成功"); } } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println(prefix + "更新失败,原因是:" + e.getMessage()); } } /** * 更新数据:采用正确的密码 */ static void updateDataByCorrectAuthentication() { String prefix = "[使用正确的授权信息]"; System.out.println(prefix + "更新数据:" + PATH); try { Stat stat = zk.exists(PATH, false); if (stat!=null) { zk.setData(PATH, prefix.getBytes(), -1); System.out.println(prefix + "更新成功"); } } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println(prefix + "更新失败,原因是:" + e.getMessage()); } } /** * 不使用密码 删除节点 */ static void deleteNodeByNoAuthentication() throws Exception { String prefix = "[不使用任何授权信息]"; try { System.out.println(prefix + "删除节点:" + PATH_DEL); ZooKeeper nozk = new ZooKeeper(CONNECT_ADDR, 2000, null); Thread.sleep(2000); Stat stat = nozk.exists(PATH_DEL, false); if (stat!=null) { nozk.delete(PATH_DEL,-1); System.out.println(prefix + "删除成功"); } } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println(prefix + "删除失败,原因是:" + e.getMessage()); } } /** * 采用错误的密码删除节点 */ static void deleteNodeByBadAuthentication() throws Exception { String prefix = "[使用错误的授权信息]"; try { System.out.println(prefix + "删除节点:" + PATH_DEL); ZooKeeper badzk = new ZooKeeper(CONNECT_ADDR, 2000, null); //授权 使用错误的授权码badAuthentication badzk.addAuthInfo(authentication_type,badAuthentication.getBytes()); Thread.sleep(2000); Stat stat = badzk.exists(PATH_DEL, false); if (stat!=null) { badzk.delete(PATH_DEL, -1); System.out.println(prefix + "删除成功"); } } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println(prefix + "删除失败,原因是:" + e.getMessage()); } } /** * 使用正确的密码删除节点 */ static void deleteNodeByCorrectAuthentication() throws Exception { String prefix = "[使用正确的授权信息]"; try { System.out.println(prefix + "删除节点:" + PATH_DEL); Stat stat = zk.exists(PATH_DEL, false); if (stat!=null) { zk.delete(PATH_DEL, -1); System.out.println(prefix + "删除成功"); } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(prefix + "删除失败,原因是:" + e.getMessage()); } } /** * 使用正确的密码删除节点 */ static void deleteParent() throws Exception { try { Stat stat = zk.exists(PATH_DEL, false); if (stat == null) { zk.delete(PATH, -1); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }