Java-马士兵设计模式学习笔记-装饰者模式
Java装饰者模式简介
一、假设有一个Worker接口,它有一个doSomething方法,Plumber和Carpenter都实现了Worker接口,代码及关系如下:
1.Worker.java package decorator; public interface Worker { public void doSomething(); }
2.Plumber.java public class Plumber implements Worker { @Override public void doSomething() { System.out.println("修理水管"); } }
3.Carpenter public class Carpenter implements Worker{ public void doSomething(){ System.out.println("修门窗"); } }
4.测试代码 Test.java public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { Worker worker = null; Carpenter carpenter = new Carpenter(); Plumber plumber = new Plumber(); worker = carpenter; worker.doSomething(); worker = plumber; worker.doSomething(); } }
测试结果如下:
二、现有A、B两家公司,都有木工(Carpenter)和水管工(Plumber),但两公司的对两个工种的要求都不同,A公司要求员工在doSomething前自己介绍“我是A公司的”;B公司要求员工在doSomething前自己介绍“我是B公司的”;一个直接但不科学的设计方法是为每个公司都设计各自的木工(Carpenter)和水管工(Plumber),若公司增加到100个,则类要增加到200个,若再增加其他工种,则类会更多,关系如下:
三、此情况适合采用装饰者模式,为每个公司设计一个装饰类xWorker,xWorker也实现Worker接口,且有一个参数类型为Worker的构造函数和一个类型为Worker的成员变量,这样xWorker就可以取得相应类型worker的引用,在xWorker的doSomething()方法里处理各自公司的特殊要求:
1 增加类 AWorker.java 2 3 public class AWorker implements Worker { 4 5 private Worker worker; 6 7 //通过些构造函数,AWorker就可以得到具体工种的引用, 8 //为下面的doSomething()方法中加入A公司的特殊要求做准备 9 public AWorker(Worker worker){ 10 this.worker = worker; 11 } 12 13 @Override 14 public void doSomething() { 15 System.out.println("您好!我是A公司的员工"); 16 worker.doSomething(); 17 } 18 19 }
1 //增加类 BWorker.java 2 3 public class BWorker implements Worker { 4 5 private Worker worker; 6 7 public BWorker(Worker worker){ 8 this.worker = worker; 9 } 10 11 @Override 12 public void doSomething() { 13 System.out.println("您好!我是B公司的员工。"); 14 worker.doSomething(); 15 } 16 17 }
1 //测试代码 2 3 public static void main(String[] args) { 4 5 //A公司 6 Carpenter carpenterA = new Carpenter(); 7 Plumber plumberA = new Plumber(); 8 AWorker aWorker1 = new AWorker(carpenterA); 9 AWorker aWorker2 = new AWorker(plumberA); 10 11 aWorker1.doSomething(); 12 aWorker2.doSomething(); 13 14 System.out.println("=================================="); 15 16 //B公司 17 Carpenter carpenterB = new Carpenter(); 18 Plumber plumberB = new Plumber(); 19 BWorker bWorker1 = new BWorker(carpenterB); 20 BWorker bWorker2 = new BWorker(plumberB); 21 22 bWorker1.doSomething(); 23 bWorker2.doSomething(); 24 } 25 }
测试结果:
You can do anything you set your mind to, man!