安装mysql5.7

安装mysql5.7

1. 在aliyun机器上安装和配置mysql

2. 在安装MySQL服务的时候

   [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server
   

3. 遇到以下报错

   Downloading packages:
   warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/2.1903/mysql57-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
   Public key for mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
   (1/4): mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                  | 311 kB  00:00:01
   (2/4): mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                    | 2.4 MB  00:00:01
   (3/4): mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                  |  25 MB  00:00:08
   (4/4): mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                  | 174 MB  00:00:42
   ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Total                                                                                         4.4 MB/s | 202 MB  00:00:45
   Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
   Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
    Userid     : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"
    Fingerprint: a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5
    Package    : mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch (@/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch)
    From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
   
   Public key for mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
   
    Failing package is: mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64
    GPG Keys are configured as: file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
   

4. 需要需要以下yum文件,指定某个版本

   vi /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo
   
   # Enable to use MySQL 5.6
   [mysql56-community]
   name=MySQL 5.6 Community Server
   
   baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/6/$basearch/
   enabled=1
   gpgcheck=1
   # gpgcheck=0表示默认此版本
   gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
   

---

启动MySQL

1. 启动MySQL服务systemctl start mysqld.service

2. 重启systemctl restart mysqld.service

3. 停止systemctl stop mysqld.service

4. 查看状态systemctl status mysqld.service

5. 配置MySQL的开机启动systemctl enable mysqld

6. 刷新配置生效systemctl daemon-reload

---

登陆MySQL

1. 第一次登陆,先查看内置密码

   grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
   

   

2. 用root登陆mysql -u root -p

   

   • 需要进行修改密码

   SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('密码');
   

   mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;  //改变密码等级
   mysql> set global validate_password_length=4;   //改变密码最小长度
   

3. 配置远程登陆

   MySQL默认root用户只能本地登录，如果要远程连接，要简单设置下，这里直接用root来远程登录不添加其他角色。

   GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '1234' WITH GRANT OPTION;
   

   1. *.*的意思是所有库的所有表
   2. To后面跟的是用户名
   3. @后面跟的是ip地址
   4. %代表所有ip地址
   5. identified by后面的是密码

   flush privileges;
   

   需要注意mysql的配置文件中的bindaddress 的参数和skip-networking配置

   bindaddress : 设定哪些ip地址被配置，使得mysql服务器只回应哪些ip地址的请求),最好注释掉该参数或设置成为127.0.0.1以外的值

   skip-networking : 如果设置了该参数项，将导致所有TCP/IP端口没有被监听,也就是说出了本机，其他客户端都无法用网络连接到本mysql服务器，所以应该注释掉该参数

---

添加端口

1. 添加3306端口

   firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent;
   

   

2. 查看防火墙状态systemctl status firewalld

3. 打开防火墙systemctl start firewalld

   

4. 重新启用3306端口

   firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent;
   

5. 重启防火墙firewall-cmd --reload

---

收尾动作

1. 查看MySQL的配置文件cat /etc/my.cnf

   [root@blue-ocean tmp]# cat /etc/my.cnf
   # For advice on how to change settings please see
   # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
   
   [mysqld]
   #
   # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
   # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
   # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
   #
   # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
   # changes to the binary log between backups.
   # log_bin
   #
   # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
   # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
   # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
   # join_buffer_size = 128M
   # sort_buffer_size = 2M
   # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
   datadir=/var/lib/mysql
   socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
   
   # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
   symbolic-links=0
   
   log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
   pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
   

2. 在vim /etc/my.cnf中

   [mysqld] 
   
   character_set_server=utf8
   init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
   

3. 默认配置文件路径

   /etc/my.cnf #这是mysql的主配置文件
   /var/lib/mysql #mysql数据库的数据库文件存放位置
   /var/log mysql #数据库的日志输出存放位置