c语言 结构体
c语言 结构体
在C语言中，结构体(struct)是一种复合数据类型，它可以存储不同类型的数据项。结构体中可以定义多个不同的成员(member)，每个成员可以是基本数据类型或其他复合类型。
以下是一些使用C语言结构体的常见方法：
-
定义和使用结构体
struct Student {
char name[50];
int age;
float score;
};
int main() {
struct Student stu; // 声明结构体变量
strcpy(stu.name, "John");
stu.age = 20;
stu.score = 88.5;
printf("Name: %s\n", stu.name);
printf("Age: %d\n", stu.age);
printf("Score: %.1f\n", stu.score);
return 0;
}
-
使用指针访问结构体成员
struct Student {
char name[50];
int age;
float score;
};
int main() {
struct Student stu;
struct Student *pStu = &stu;
strcpy(pStu->name, "John");
pStu->age = 20;
pStu->score = 88.5;
printf("Name: %s\n", pStu->name);
printf("Age: %d\n", pStu->age);
printf("Score: %.1f\n", pStu->score);
return 0;
}
-
定义结构体数组
struct Student {
char name[50];
int age;
float score;
};
int main() {
struct Student students[5];
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printf("Student %d: ", i + 1);
scanf("%s %d %f", students[i].name, &students[i].age, &students[i].score);
}
return 0;
}
-
定义结构体指针数组
struct Student {
char name[50];
int age;
float score;
};
int main() {
struct Student *students[5];
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
students[i] = (struct Student *)malloc(sizeof(struct Student));
printf("Student %d: ", i + 1);
scanf("%s %d %f", students[i]->name, &students[i]->age, &students[i]->score);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printf("Name: %s\n", students[i]->name);
printf("Age: %d\n", students[i]->age);
printf("Score: %.1f\n", students[i]->score);
free(students[i]);
}
return 0;
}
-
定义结构体时声明位域
struct Student {
unsigned int score : 5;
unsigned int age : 3;
char name[4];
};
int main() {
struct Student stu;
stu.score = 88;
stu.age = 20;
strcpy(stu.name, "John");
printf("Name: %s\n", stu.name);
printf("Age: %d\n", stu.age);
printf("Score: %d\n", stu.score);
return 0;
}
-
使用typedef定义结构体别名
typedef struct Student {
char name[50];
int age;
float score;
} Student;
int main() {
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