JavaGUI01

Java GUI01

简介

GUI 的核心技术：Swing AWT

为何不主流：

1. 界面不美观
2. 需要 jre 环境

学习目的：

1. 可以写出自己的小工具
2. 工作的时候，可能需要维护 swing 界面 [概率很小]
3. 了解 MVC架构，监听

AWT

1. AWT 介绍
   • 包含很多的类和接口 GUI
   • 元素：窗口、按钮、文本框

组件和容器

frame

package GUI.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
//GUI的第一个界面
public class TestFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //Frame, JDK, 看源码!!!
        Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个Java图形界面窗口");

        //需要设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //设置窗口大小
        frame.setSize(400,400);

        //设置背景颜色    Color
        frame.setBackground(new Color(0, 231, 217));

        //弹出的初始位置
        frame.setLocation(200,200);

        //设置大小固定
        frame.setResizable(false);
    }
}

问题：窗口无法关闭

尝试回顾封装：

TestFrame2

package GUI.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestFrame2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //展示多个窗口
        MyFrame myFrame = new MyFrame(100, 100, 200, 200, Color.pink);
        MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(300, 100, 200, 200, Color.yellow);
        MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(100, 300, 200, 200, Color.black);
        MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(300, 300, 200, 200, Color.white);
    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    static int ID = 0;//可以存在多个窗口，我们需要计数器
    public MyFrame(int x, int y, int w, int h, Color color){
        super("MyFrame"+(++ID));
        setBackground(color);
        setBounds(x, y, w, h);
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

面板panel

package GUI.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
//panel 可以看成是一个空间
public class TestPanel {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
       Frame frame = new Frame();
       //布局的概念
       Panel panel = new Panel();

       //设置布局
       frame.setLayout(null);

       //坐标
       frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
       frame.setBackground(new Color(0xFF50E77B));

       //panel设置坐标
       panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
       panel.setBackground(new Color(0x4ED56D));

       //frame.add(panel)
       frame.add(panel);

       frame.setVisible(true);

       //监听事件，监听窗口关闭事件 System.exit(0)
       //适配器模式
       frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
           //窗口点击关闭的时候需要做的事情
           @Override
           public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
               //结束程序
               System.exit(0);
           }
       });
   }
}

输出结果：

且点击关闭可以关闭

布局管理器

• 流式布局

TestFlowLayout

package GUI.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestFlowLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        //组件-按钮
        Button button1 = new Button("Button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("Button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("Button3");

        //设置为流式布局
        //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());居中
        //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));左对齐
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));//右对齐

        //把按钮添加上去
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);

        frame.setSize(200,200);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setBackground(new Color(0x2FECD6));
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            //关闭
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

• 东西南北中

package GUI.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestBoderLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestBoderLayout");

        Button east = new Button("EAST");
        Button west = new Button("WEST");
        Button north = new Button("NORTH");
        Button south = new Button("SOUTH");
        Button center = new Button("CENTER");

        frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.setSize(200,200);
        frame.setVisible(true);
		//关闭
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

• 表格布局

练习：

package GUI.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class PracticeDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setSize(400,300);
        frame.setLocation(300,300);
        frame.setBackground(new Color(0xFFF9FAE7, true));
        //四个面板
        Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
        Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));

        //放置按钮
        //上方
        p1.add(new Button("East-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p1.add(new Button("West-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-1"));
        p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-2"));
        p1.add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        //下方
        p3.add(new Button("East-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p3.add(new Button("West-2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            p4.add(new Button("p4-btn-"+i));
        }
        p3.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.add(p1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(p3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        //关闭
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

输出结果：

总结：

1. Frame 是一个顶级窗口
2. Panel 无法单独显示，必须添加到某个容器中
3. 布局管理器：
   • 流式
   • 东西南北中
   • 表格
4. 大小，定位，背景颜色,可见性，监听！

事件监听

事件监听：当某个事情发生的时候，做什么？

package GUI.lesson02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class TestActionEvent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //按下按钮是触发事件
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button();
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //因为 addActionListener() 需要一个 ActionListener ,所以我们需要构造一个 ActionListener
        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        button.addActionListener(myActionListener);

        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.pack();
        windowClose(frame);

    }
    //关闭窗体的事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{//定义一个监听事件

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("aaa");
    }
}

输入框 TextField 监听

package GUI.lesson02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestTextField01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //启动
        MyFrame myFrame = new MyFrame();
        windowClose(myFrame);

    }
    //关闭窗体的事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame{
    public MyFrame(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);


        //监听这个文本框输入的文字t
        MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
        //按下 ENTER 就会触发这个文本框的事件
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);

        //设置替换编码
        textField.setEchoChar('*');//替换输入的数据转化为字符'*'，类似于密码输入

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
        setLocation(500,500);
    }
}

class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField textField = (TextField)e.getSource();//获得一些资源，则返回了一个对象
        System.out.println(textField.getText());//获得输入框中的文本
        textField.setText("");//设置回车后清空文本框 NULL是对象 ，而" "是字符串
    }
}

简易计算器，组合+内部类复习

OOP原则：组合大于继承!

代码ver2.73

package GUI.lesson02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Calculator calculator = new Calculator();
        windowClose(calculator);
    }

    //关闭窗体的事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame) {
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
//计算器类
 class Calculator extends Frame{
    public Calculator(){
        //3个文本框
        TextField num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        TextField num2 = new TextField(10);
        TextField num3 = new TextField(20);

        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(num1,num2,num3));
        //一个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);

    }
}

//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
    //获取3个变量
    private TextField num1,num2,num3;

    public MyCalculatorListener(TextField num1, TextField num2, TextField num3) {
        this.num1 = num1;
        this.num2 = num2;
        this.num3 = num3;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //1.获得加数于被加数
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
        //2.将值+后，放入第三个框
        num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        //3.清楚前两个框
        num1.setText("");
        num2.setText("");
    }
}

完全改造为面向对象写法：

package GUI.lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Calculator calculator = new Calculator();
        calculator.loadFrame();
        windowClose(calculator);
    }

    //关闭窗体的事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame) {
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
//计算器类
 class Calculator extends Frame{
    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,num3;
    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
        //3个文本框
        num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(20);
        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(this));
        //一个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
    //获取3个变量(优化：获取计算器这个对象)=》在一个类中组合另一个类
    Calculator calculator = null;

    public MyCalculatorListener(Calculator calculator) {
        this.calculator = calculator;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //1.获得加数于被加数
        //2.将值+后，放入第三个框
        //3.清楚前两个框
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
        calculator.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        calculator.num1.setText("");
        calculator.num2.setText("");


    }
}

内部类：

• 更好的包装

package GUI.lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Calculator calculator = new Calculator();
        calculator.loadFrame();
        windowClose(calculator);
    }

    //关闭窗体的事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame) {
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
//计算器类
 class Calculator extends Frame{
    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,num3;
    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
        //3个文本框
        num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(20);
        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener());
        //一个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
    //监听器类
    //内部类最大的好处就是畅通无阻的访问外部类的方法!
    private class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            //1.获得加数于被加数
            //2.将值+后，放入第三个框
            //3.清楚前两个框
            int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
            num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
            num1.setText("");
            num2.setText("");


        }
    }
}