SpringCloud学习笔记(3):使用Feign实现声明式服务调用

简介

Feign是一个声明式的Web Service客户端,它简化了Web服务客户端的编写操作,相对于Ribbon+RestTemplate的方式,开发者只需通过简单的接口和注解来调用HTTP API。它支持Spring MVC注解和JAX-RS注解,还支持可插拔式的编码器和解码器。整合了Eureka,Ribbon和Hystrix,具有可插拔、基于注解、负载均衡、服务熔断等一系列便捷功能。

项目介绍

  1. sc-parent,父模块(请参照SpringCloud学习笔记(1):Eureka注册中心)
  2. sc-eureka,注册中心(请参照SpringCloud学习笔记(1):Eureka注册中心)
  3. sc-provider,提供者(请参照SpringCloud学习笔记(1):Eureka注册中心)
  4. sc-consumer-feign,基于Feign声明式调用的消费者

基于Feign声明式调用的消费者

1.在父模块下创建子模块项目sc-consumer-feign,pom.xml:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <parent>
    <groupId>com.cf</groupId>
    <artifactId>sc-parent</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <artifactId>sc-consumer-feign</artifactId>
  
  <dependencies>
  	<dependency>
	    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
	    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
	    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
	    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
	</dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

2.创建启动类feign.FeignApplication:

package feign;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
public class FeignApplication {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(FeignApplication.class, args);
	}
}

3.创建Feign声明式接口:feign.inter.BookService

package feign.inter;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;

@FeignClient("sc-provider")
public interface BookService {
	
	@GetMapping("/book/list")
	public String getBookList();
}

4.创建调用提供者服务的Controller:

package feign.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import feign.inter.BookService;

@RequestMapping("/feign")
@RestController
public class FeignController {
	@Autowired
	private BookService bookService;
	
	@GetMapping("/getBookList")
	public String getBookList(){
		return bookService.getBookList();
	}
}

5.创建application.yml:

server:
  port: 8084

spring:
  application:
    name: sc-consumer-feign
    
eureka:
  client:
    registerWithEureka: false
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8080/eureka/

6.依次启动注册中心sc-eureka、提供者sc-provider、消费者sc-consumer-feign,并访问http://localhost:8084/feign/getBookList:

Feign基于Ribbon实现,也具有Ribbon负载均衡的特性,可以将调用的提供者服务换成sc-provider-random(请参照SpringCloud学习笔记(2):使用Ribbon负载均衡)来测试。

带参数的请求

上面例子没有涉及到参数的传递,接下来测试下如何使用Feign构造带参数的请求,首先对提供者和消费者做如下更改:

//提供者Controller添加了两个参数,并打印到控制台。
@RequestMapping("/book")
@RestController
public class BookController {
	@GetMapping("/list")
	public String getBookList(String param1, Integer param2){
		System.out.println(param1 + ":" + param2);
		return "[\"Java入门到放弃\",\"C++入门到放弃\",\"Python入门到放弃\",\"C入门到放弃\"]";
	}
}


//消费者Feign接口和Controller添加参数
@FeignClient("sc-provider")
public interface BookService {
	@GetMapping("/book/list")
	public String getBookList(String param1, Integer param2);
}

@RequestMapping("/feign")
@RestController
public class FeignController {
	@Autowired
	private BookService bookService;
	
	@GetMapping("/getBookList")
	public String getBookList(){
		return bookService.getBookList("Java", 520);
	}
}

依次启动注册中心sc-eureka、提供者sc-provider、消费者sc-consumer-feign,启动消费者sc-consumer-feign时会启动失败:
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Method has too many Body parameters: public abstract java.lang.String feign.inter.BookService.getBookList(java.lang.String,java.lang.Integer)

解决方法1

更改Feign接口,为参数添加@RequestParam注解:

@FeignClient("sc-provider")
public interface BookService {
	@GetMapping("/book/list")	
	public String getBookList(@RequestParam("param1") String param1, @RequestParam("param2") Integer param2);
}

解决方法2

将参数封装到Map里,更改消费者Feign接口和Controller:

@FeignClient("sc-provider")
public interface BookService {
	@GetMapping("/book/list")
	public String getBookList(@RequestParam Map<String, Object> paramMap);
}

@RequestMapping("/feign")
@RestController
public class FeignController {
	@Autowired
	private BookService bookService;
	
	@GetMapping("/getBookList")
	public String getBookList(){
		Map<String,Object> paramMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
		paramMap.put("param1", "Java");
		paramMap.put("param2", 520);
		return bookService.getBookList(paramMap);
	}
}

在参数较多的情况下,该方式可以简化Feign接口的编写。

自定义类型的参数

OpenFeign的@QueryMap注解支持将自定义类型用于GET参数映射,由于@QueryMap和Spring不兼容,Spring Cloud OpenFeign提供了一个等价的@SpringQueryMap注解,可以用于自定义类型和Map类型的参数映射。下面将使用自定义类型Params作为参数,使用@SpringQueryMap注解来处理自定义类型的参数映射。

1.分别在提供者和消费者中创建类Params(可以建一个公共模块,然后在提供者和消费者中添加依赖):

public class Params {
	private String param1;
	
	private Integer param2;

	public String getParam1() {
		return param1;
	}

	public void setParam1(String param1) {
		this.param1 = param1;
	}

	public Integer getParam2() {
		return param2;
	}

	public void setParam2(Integer param2) {
		this.param2 = param2;
	}
	
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Params [param1=" + param1 + ", param2=" + param2 + "]";
	}

	public Params(String param1, Integer param2) {
		this.param1 = param1;
		this.param2 = param2;
	}

	public Params() {}
}

2.更改提供者和消费者相关类

//提供者
@RequestMapping("/book")
@RestController
public class BookController {
	@GetMapping("/list")
	public String getBookList(Params params){
		System.out.println(params.toString());
		return "[\"Java入门到放弃\",\"C++入门到放弃\",\"Python入门到放弃\",\"C入门到放弃\"]";
	}
}

//消费者
@FeignClient("sc-provider")
public interface BookService {
	@GetMapping("/book/list")
	public String getBookList(@SpringQueryMap Params params);
}

@RequestMapping("/feign")
@RestController
public class FeignController {
	@Autowired
	private BookService bookService;
	
	@GetMapping("/getBookList")
	public String getBookList(){	
		Params params = new Params("Java", 520);
		return bookService.getBookList(params);
	}
}

3.依次启动注册中心sc-eureka、提供者sc-provider、消费者sc-consumer-feign,并访问http://localhost:8084/feign/getBookList,提供者控制台输出:

Params [param1=Java, param2=520]
posted @ 2019-09-12 15:56  布禾  阅读(776)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报