SpringCloud学习笔记(1):Eureka注册中心
简介
Eureka是Netflix开源的基于rest的服务治理方案,分为Server端和Client端,Server端为注册中心,其他微服务通过Client端连接Server端进行服务的注册和发现。
项目介绍
- sc-parent,父模块
- sc-provider,提供者模块
- sc-eureka,注册中心
- sc-consumer-discovery,消费者模块
搭建父模块
创建父模块sc-parent,pom.xml:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId> com.cf</groupId>
<artifactId>sc-parent</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<!-- 继承Spring Boot的默认值 -->
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<!-- 降低maven-jar-plugin插件版本,防止版本不匹配导致的pom.xml第一行报错 -->
<maven-jar-plugin.version>3.1.1</maven-jar-plugin.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- 添加web应用依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!-- SpringCloud依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Greenwich.SR2</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<!-- 打可执行jar包插件 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
<!-- 指定编译插件使用的jdk版本 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
搭建注册中心
1.在父模块下创建子模块项目sc-eureka,pom.xml:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.cf</groupId>
<artifactId>sc-parent</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>sc-eureka</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!-- Eureka服务端依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2.创建启动类eureka.EurekaApplication:
package eureka;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
//声明该类为SpringBoot服务的入口
@SpringBootApplication
//声明该微服务为注册中心,提供服务发现和注册的功能
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaApplication.class, args);
}
}
3.创建配置文件/src/main/resources/application.yml:
server:
port: 8080 #当前服务端口
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost #当前Eureka实例主机名
client:
registerWithEureka: false #表示不向注册中心注册自己
fetchRegistry: false #表示此客户端不需要从Eureka注册中心获取Eureka注册表信息
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8080/eureka/ ##eureka对外提供的地址(客户端连接的地址)
其他配置信息可以参考EurekaInstanceConfigBean和EurekaClientConfigBean两个配置类
4.运行启动类EurekaApplication,在浏览器中访问http://localhost:8080/,出现如下图表示注册中心搭建成功:
提供者与服务注册
1.在父模块下创建子模块项目sc-provider,pom.xml:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.cf</groupId>
<artifactId>sc-parent</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>sc-provider</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!-- Eureka客户端依赖,用于连接服务端进行服务注册和发现 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2.创建启动类provider.ProviderApplication:
package provider;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class ProviderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ProviderApplication.class, args);
}
}
3.创建Controller:provider.controller.BookController
package provider.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RequestMapping("/book")
@RestController
public class BookController {
@GetMapping("/list")
public String getBookList(){
//模拟从service返回数据
return "[\"Java入门到放弃\",\"C++入门到放弃\",\"Python入门到放弃\",\"C入门到放弃\"]";
}
}
4.创建配置文件/src/main/resources/application.yml:
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: sc-provider #注册到Eureka注册中心上的服务名称,对应Eureka界面上的Application列
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8080/eureka/ #注册中心的访问地址
instance:
preferIpAddress: true #表示将自己的IP注册到Eureka注册中心。默认为false,表示将hostname注册到注册中心
5.依次启动注册中心sc-eureka和提供者sc-provider,当提供者启动时,会将自己的信息注册到Eureka注册中心,在浏览器中访问http://localhost:8080/,提供者sc-provider已经在注册中心注册。
消费者和服务发现
1.在父模块下创建子模块项目sc-consumer-discovery,pom.xml:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.cf</groupId>
<artifactId>sc-parent</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>sc-consumer-discovery</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2.创建启动类consumer.ConsumerDiscoveryApplication:
package consumer;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@SpringBootApplication
public class ConsumerDiscoveryApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ConsumerDiscoveryApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
3.创建调用提供者服务的Controller:consumer.controller.ConsumerDiscoveryController
package consumer.controller;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@RestController
public class ConsumerDiscoveryController {
@Autowired
private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping("/getBookList")
public String getBookList(){
//通过服务名获取实例信息
List<ServiceInstance> list = discoveryClient.getInstances("sc-provider");
if (list != null && list.size() > 0 ) {
//调用服务,并返回服务结果
return restTemplate.getForObject(list.get(0).getUri() + "/book/list", String.class);
}
return null;
}
}
4.创建application.yml:
server:
port: 8082
spring:
application:
name: sc-consumer-discovery
eureka:
client:
registerWithEureka: false #在本实例中消费者不提供服务,所以无需到注册中心注册。在实际应用中,消费者也可能是提供者。
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8080/eureka/
5.依次启动注册中心sc-eureka、提供者sc-provider、消费者sc-consumer-discovery,当消费者启动时,会从注册中心查询可用的服务列表及其网络地址。直接访问提供者和消费者调用提供者结果如下:
总结
在传统的应用程序中,都是把提供者的网络地址硬编码在代码中,导致提供者和消费者耦合度高,当提供者网络地址发生了变化,则需要修改消费者配置并重新发布。Eureka起到了解耦的作用,提供者到Eureka注册中心中注册,消费者从Eureka注册中心中获取提供者的网络地址并进行调用,当提供者网络地址变更时会重新到注册中心注册。