SQL中CONVERT转化函数的用法
格式:
CONVERT(data_type,expression[,style])
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说明:
此样式一般在时间类型(datetime,smalldatetime)与字符串类型(nchar,nvarchar,char,varchar)
相互转换的时候才用到.
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例子:
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(30),getdate(),101) now
结果为:
now
---------------------------------------
|09/15/2001
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===================================================================
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style数字在转换时间时的含义如下:
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Style(2位表示年份) | Style(4位表示年份) | 输入输出格式
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 | 100 | mon dd yyyy hh:miAM(或PM)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | 101 美国 | mm/dd/yy
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 | 102 ANSI | yy-mm-dd
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 | 103 英法 | dd/mm/yy
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 | 104 德国 | dd.mm.yy
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5 | 105 意大利 | dd-mm-yy
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6 | 106 | dd mon yy
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7 | 107 | mon dd,yy
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8 | 108 | hh:mm:ss
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9 | 109 | mon dd yyyy hh:mi:ss:mmmmAM(或PM)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10 | 110 美国 | mm-dd-yy
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11 | 111 日本 | yy/mm/dd
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12 | 112 ISO | yymmdd
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13 | 113 欧洲默认值 | dd mon yyyy hh:mi:ss:mmm(24小时制)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14 | 114 | hh:mi:ss:mmm(24小时制)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20 | 120 ODBC 规范 | yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss(24小时制)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21 | 121 | yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss:mmm(24小时制)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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语句及查询结果:
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 0): 05 16 2006 10:57AM
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 1): 05/16/06
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 2): 06.05.16
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 3): 16/05/06
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 4): 16.05.06
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 5): 16-05-06
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 6): 16 05 06
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 7): 05 16, 06
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 8): 10:57:46
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 9): 05 16 2006 10:57:46:827AM
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 10): 05-16-06
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 11): 06/05/16
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 12): 060516
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 13): 16 05 2006 10:57:46:937
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 14): 10:57:46:967
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 20): 2006-05-16 10:57:47
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 21): 2006-05-16 10:57:47.157
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 22): 05/16/06 10:57:47 AM
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 23): 2006-05-16
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 24): 10:57:47
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 25): 2006-05-16 10:57:47.250
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 100): 05 16 2006 10:57AM
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 101): 05/16/2006
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 102): 2006.05.16
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 103): 16/05/2006
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 104): 16.05.2006
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 105): 16-05-2006
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 106): 16 05 2006
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 107): 05 16, 2006
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 108): 10:57:49
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 109): 05 16 2006 10:57:49:437AM
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 110): 05-16-2006
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 111): 2006/05/16
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 112): 20060516
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 113): 16 05 2006 10:57:49:513
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 114): 10:57:49:547
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 120): 2006-05-16 10:57:49
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 121): 2006-05-16 10:57:49.700
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 126): 2006-05-16T10:57:49.827
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 130): 18 ???? ?????? 1427 10:57:49:907AM
SELECT CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 131): 18/04/1427 10:57:49:920AM
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说明:
使用 CONVERT:
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CONVERT ( data_type [ ( length ) ] , expression [ , style ] )
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参数
expression
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是任何有效的 Microsoft® SQL Server™ 表达式。。
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data_type
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目标系统所提供的数据类型,包括 bigint 和 sql_variant。不能使用用户定义的数据类型。
length
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nchar、nvarchar、char、varchar、binary 或 varbinary 数据类型的可选参数。
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style
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日期格式样式,借以将 datetime 或 smalldatetime 数据转换为字符数据(nchar、nvarchar、char、varchar、nchar 或 nvarchar 数据类型);或者字符串格式样式,借以将 float、real、money 或 smallmoney 数据转换为字符数据(nchar、nvarchar、char、varchar、nchar 或 nvarchar 数据类型)。
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SQL Server 支持使用科威特算法的阿拉伯样式中的数据格式。
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在表中,左侧的两列表示将 datetime 或 smalldatetime 转换为字符数据的 style 值。给 style 值加 100,可获得包括世纪数位的四位年份 (yyyy)。
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不带世纪数位 (yy) 带世纪数位 (yyyy)
标准
输入/输出**
- 0 或 100 (*) 默认值 mon dd yyyy hh:miAM(或 PM)
1 101 美国 mm/dd/yyyy
2 102 ANSI yy.mm.dd
3 103 英国/法国 dd/mm/yy
4 104 德国 dd.mm.yy
5 105 意大利 dd-mm-yy
6 106 - dd mon yy
7 107 - mon dd, yy
8 108 - hh:mm:ss
- 9 或 109 (*) 默认值 + 毫秒 mon dd yyyy hh:mi:ss:mmmAM(或 PM)
10 110 美国 mm-dd-yy
11 111 日本 yy/mm/dd
12 112 ISO yymmdd
- 13 或 113 (*) 欧洲默认值 + 毫秒 dd mon yyyy hh:mm:ss:mmm(24h)
14 114 - hh:mi:ss:mmm(24h)
- 20 或 120 (*) ODBC 规范 yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss[.fff]
- 21 或 121 (*) ODBC 规范(带毫秒) yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss[.fff]
- 126(***) ISO8601 yyyy-mm-dd Thh:mm:ss.mmm(不含空格)
- 130* Hijri**** dd mon yyyy hh:mi:ss:mmmAM
- 131* Hijri**** dd/mm/yy hh:mi:ss:mmmAM
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* 默认值(style 0 或 100、9 或 109、13 或 113、20 或 120、21 或 121)始终返回世纪数位 (yyyy)。
** 当转换为 datetime时输入;当转换为字符数据时输出。
*** 专门用于 XML。对于从 datetime或 smalldatetime 到 character 数据的转换,输出格式如表中所示。对于从 float、money 或 smallmoney 到 character 数据的转换,输出等同于 style 2。对于从 real 到 character 数据的转换,输出等同于 style 1。
****Hijri 是具有几种变化形式的日历系统,Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 使用其中的科威特算法。
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重要 默认情况下,SQL Server 根据截止年份 2049 解释两位数字的年份。即,两位数字的年份 49 被解释为 2049,而两位数字的年份 50 被解释为 1950。许多客户端应用程序(例如那些基于 OLE 自动化对象的客户端应用程序)都使用 2030 作为截止年份。SQL Server 提供一个配置选项("两位数字的截止年份"),借以更改 SQL Server 所使用的截止年份并对日期进行一致性处理。然而最安全的办法是指定四位数字年份。
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当从 smalldatetime 转换为字符数据时,包含秒或毫秒的样式将在这些位置上显示零。当从 datetime 或 smalldatetime 值进行转换时,可以通过使用适当的 char 或 varchar 数据类型长度来截断不需要的日期部分。
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