pxe-ubuntu(kickseed)
大概的流程:网卡启动->dhcp获取ip,以及tftp服务器的地址->启动安装程序(txt.cfg.其中append中包含ks文件地址)->启动安装内核->根据ks文件(安装路径),执行安装
遇到的一些问题
如果是内网安装,不能访问外网的情况会出现请求默认路由
用中文安装时有出现报错,改用英语
不设置swap会需要二次确认
实验环境
vmware
都网卡设置为NAT模式
取消自带的dhcp服务
# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.4 (Core)
关闭selinux,关闭firewall
安装
# yum install xinetd dhcp tftp-server httpd syslinux -y
创建安装源
# mkdir -p /data/{iso,ks,os,tftpboot}
# mkdir -p /data/os/ubuntu16
# cd /data/iso
# wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-releases/16.04/ubuntu-16.04.5-server-amd64.iso
# mount -o loop ubuntu-16.04.5-server-amd64.iso /media
# cp -r /media/* /data/os/ubuntu16
# cp -a /data/os/ubuntu16/install/netboot/* /data/tftpboot/
配置http
# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
DocumentRoot "/data"
<Directory "/data">
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
</Directory>
# systemctl start httpd
# systemctl enable httpd
配置dhcp
# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
allow booting;
allow bootp;
subnet 10.10.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { #设定网段广播地址
range 10.10.1.10 10.10.1.100; #dhcp池
option routers 10.10.1.1; #路由
option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114,8.8.8.8;
default-lease-time 36000;
max-lease-time 86400; #默认的租约时间，单位是秒
filename "pxelinux.0";
next-server 10.10.1.50; #tftp服务器
}
# systemctl start dhcpd
# systemctl enable dhcpd
配置tftp
# vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
disable = no #打开服务
server_args = -s /data/tftpboot #修改目录路径
# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.service
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/in.tftpd -s /data/tftpboot #修改目录路径
重新加载服务
# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl enable tftp
# systemctl start xinetd
# vi /data/tftpboot/ubuntu-installer/amd64/boot-screens/txt.cfg
default install
label install
menu label ^Install
menu default
kernel ubuntu-installer/amd64/linux
append ks=http:/10.10.1.50/ks/ks.cfg vga=788 initrd=ubuntu-installer/amd64/initrd.gz --- quiet preseed/url=http://10.10.1.50/os/ubuntu16/preseed/ubuntu-server.seed
# vi /data/os/ubuntu16/preseed/ubuntu-server.seed
添加以下配置
d-i live-installer/net-image string http://10.10.1.50/os/ubuntu16/install/filesystem.squashfs
d-i pkgsel/include string openssh-server
d-i netcfg/get_gateway string none #跳过默认路由二次确认
d-i partman-basicfilesystems/no_swap boolean false #跳过不分配swap时的二次确认
ks没有的参数,可以加到ps上
# vim ks.cfg
#
#Generic Kickstart template for Ubuntu
#Platform: x86 and x86-64
#
#System language
lang en_US
#Language modules to install
langsupport zh_CN --default=en_US
#System keyboard
keyboard us
#System mouse
mouse
#System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
#Root password
rootpw --disabled
#Initial user (user with sudo capabilities)
user ubuntu --fullname "Ubuntu User" --password 12345678
#Reboot after installation
reboot
#Use text mode install
text
#Install OS instead of upgrade
install
#Installation media
url --url="http://10.10.1.50/os/ubuntu16"
#cdrom
#nfs --server=server.com --dir=/path/to/ubuntu/
#System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
#Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr yes
#Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
#Basic disk partition
part / --fstype ext4 --size 1 --grow --asprimary
part swap --size 1024
#part /boot --fstype ext4 --size 256 --asprimary
#Advanced partition
#part /boot --fstype=ext4 --size=500 --asprimary
#part pv.aQcByA-UM0N-siuB-Y96L-rmd3-n6vz-NMo8Vr --grow --size=1
#volgroup vg_mygroup --pesize=4096 pv.aQcByA-UM0N-siuB-Y96L-rmd3-n6vz-NMo8Vr
#logvol / --fstype=ext4 --name=lv_root --vgname=vg_mygroup --grow --size=10240 --maxsize=20480
#logvol swap --name=lv_swap --vgname=vg_mygroup --grow --size=1024 --maxsize=8192
#System authorization infomation
auth --useshadow --enablemd5
#Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0
#Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled --trust=eth0 --ssh
#Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
https://blogs.gnome.org/muelli/2016/08/remastering-a-custom-ubuntu-auto-install-iso/
