4、Django实战第4天：xadmin快速搭建后台管理系统
Django默认为我们提供了后台管理系统admin, urls.py中配置的第一条就是访问后台管理系统admin的
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
]
启动服务，访问127.0.0.1:8000/admin即可访问，访问后台需要验证，但是Django并没有为我们自动创建账号密码，Django提供了命令，让我们自己创建超级用户
现在我们可以用刚刚创建的超级用户登录进去（账号：admin 密码:admin123456）
进入后，发现后台管理系统是英文的，我们可以在settings.py中配置语言和时区等
# Internationalization # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/i18n/ LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans' TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai' USE_I18N = True USE_L10N = True USE_TZ = False #设置为False则使用本地时间，否则会使用国际时间
在Django当中，我们可以把所有的数据表都注册进来，然后，我们就可以对这些表进行增删改查 ,打开后台会发现Django已经为我们自动注册了一个组，这个组对应的是auth_group表
本来Django也会有注册user的，因为我们重载了userprofile所以就取消了，现在我们把userprofile重新注册进来，编辑apps.users.admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import UserProfile
class UserProfileAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
pass
admin.site.register(UserProfile, UserProfileAdmin)
刷新后台，可以看到‘用户信息’已经注册进来了
上面演示了如何注册userprofile到admin, 要注册其他的表也是一样的，编辑各自apps下面的admin.py注册即可。下面我着重使用另一款后台管理系统xadmin,它是基于Django自带的admin开发的，但是它比admin更加强大
为了方便管理，我们在项目中新建一个python package命名为‘extra_apps’，用来存放第三方源码包
解压zip包，里面有一个目录xadmin，把xadmin复制到extra_apps中
对extrap_apps右键进行Mark Directory as Source root，使得编辑器查找路径
配置settings.py添加搜索路径
# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...) BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'apps')) sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'extra_apps'))
配置settings.py注册apps
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'users',
'courses',
'organization',
'operation',
'xadmin',
'crispy_forms',
]
pip安装一些依赖包
workon mxonline pip install django-crispy-forms pip install django-formtools pip install httplib2 pip install future pip install six pip install django-import-export
编辑urls.py，添加xadmin的路由
import xadmin
urlpatterns = [
#url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^xadmin/', xadmin.site.urls),
]
把之前userprofile在admin中的注册去掉
同步xadmin的一些表
启动服务，访问后台127.0.0.1:8000/xadmin, 账号密码还是我们之前创建的超级用户
注册app model到xadmin
users app
在users目录下新建adminx.py，xadmin会自动搜寻该文件来注册model
import xadmin
from .models import UserProfile, EmailVerifyRecord, Banner
class UserProfileAdmin:
pass
class EmailVerifyRecordAdmin:
list_display = ['code', 'email', 'send_type', 'send_time']
search_fields = ['code', 'email', 'send_type']
list_filter = ['code', 'email', 'send_type', 'send_time']
class BannerAdmin:
list_display = ['title', 'image', 'url', 'index', 'add_time']
search_fields = ['title', 'image', 'send_type']
list_filter = ['title', 'image', 'url', 'index', 'add_time']
# xadmin.site.register(UserProfile, UserProfileAdmin) #因为之前注册过，这里就注释了
xadmin.site.register(EmailVerifyRecord, EmailVerifyRecordAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(Banner, BannerAdmin)
courses app
在courses目录下新建adminx.py
import xadmin
from .models import Course, Lesson, Video, CourseResource
class CourseAdmin:
list_display = ['name', 'desc', 'degree', 'learn_times', 'students', 'fav_nums', 'image', 'click_nums', 'add_time']
search_fields = ['name', 'desc', 'degree', 'learn_times', 'students', 'fav_nums', 'click_nums']
list_filter = ['name', 'desc', 'degree', 'students', 'fav_nums', 'image', 'click_nums', 'add_time']
class LessonAdmin:
list_display = ['course', 'name', 'add_time']
search_fields = ['course', 'name']
list_filter = ['course__name', 'name', 'add_time'] #指定外键的字段name，用两个下划线
class VideoAdmin:
list_display = ['lesson', 'name', 'add_time']
search_fields = ['lesson', 'name']
list_filter = ['lesson__name', 'name', 'add_time']
class CourseResourceAdmin:
list_display = ['course', 'name', 'download', 'add_time']
search_fields = ['course', 'name', 'download']
list_filter = ['course__name', 'name', 'add_time']
xadmin.site.register(Course, CourseAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(Lesson, LessonAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(Video, VideoAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(CourseResource, CourseResourceAdmin)
organization app
在organization目录下新建adminx.py
import xadmin
from .models import CityDict, CourseOrg, Teacher
class CityDictAdmin:
list_display = ['name', 'desc', 'add_time']
search_fields = ['name', 'desc']
list_filter = ['name', 'desc', 'add_time']
class CourseOrgAdmin:
list_display = ['name', 'desc', 'click_nums', 'fav_nums', 'image', 'address', 'city', 'add_time']
search_fields = ['name', 'desc', 'click_nums', 'fav_nums', 'address', 'city']
list_filter = ['name', 'desc', 'click_nums', 'fav_nums', 'address', 'city__name', 'add_time']
class TeacherAdmin:
list_display = ['org', 'name', 'work_years', 'work_company', 'work_position', 'points', 'click_nums', 'fav_nums', 'add_time']
search_fields = ['org', 'name', 'work_years', 'work_company', 'work_position', 'points', 'click_nums', 'fav_nums']
list_filter = ['org__name', 'name', 'work_years', 'work_company', 'work_position', 'points', 'click_nums', 'fav_nums', 'add_time']
xadmin.site.register(CityDict, CityDictAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(CourseOrg, CourseOrgAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(Teacher, TeacherAdmin)
operation app
在operation目录下新建adminx.py
import xadmin
from .models import UserAsk, CourseComments, UserFavorite, UserMessage, UserCourse
class UserAskAdmin:
list_display = ['name', 'mobile', 'course_name', 'add_time']
search_fields = ['name', 'mobile', 'course_name']
list_filter = ['name', 'mobile', 'course_name', 'add_time']
class CourseCommentsAdmin:
list_display = ['user', 'course', 'comments', 'add_time']
search_fields = ['user', 'course', 'comments']
list_filter = ['user__nick_name', 'course__name', 'comments', 'add_time']
class UserFavoriteAdmin:
list_display = ['user', 'fav_id', 'fav_type', 'add_time']
search_fields = ['user', 'fav_id', 'fav_type']
list_filter = ['user__nick_name', 'fav_id', 'fav_type', 'add_time']
class UserMessageAdmin:
list_display = ['user', 'message', 'has_read', 'add_time']
search_fields = ['user', 'message', 'has_read']
list_filter = ['user', 'message', 'has_read', 'add_time']
class UserCourseAdmin:
list_display = ['user', 'course', 'add_time']
search_fields = ['user', 'course', 'add_time']
list_filter = ['user__nick_name', 'course__name', 'add_time']
xadmin.site.register(UserAsk, UserAskAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(CourseComments, CourseCommentsAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(UserFavorite, UserFavoriteAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(UserMessage, UserMessageAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(UserCourse, UserCourseAdmin)
xadmin全局配置
使用xadmin的主题功能，编辑users.adminx.py
from xadmin import views
class BaseSetting:
enable_themes = True
use_bootswatch = True
xadmin.site.register(views.BaseAdminView, BaseSetting)
修改左上角logo,及下面的版权信息，编辑users.adminx.py
class GlogbalSettings:
site_title = '慕学后台管理系统'
site_footer = '慕学在线网'
xadmin.site.register(views.CommAdminView, GlogbalSettings)
左侧边栏很长，可以让它收起来，编辑users.adminx.py
class GlogbalSettings:
site_title = '慕学后台管理系统'
site_footer = '慕学在线网'
menu_style = "accordion"
app显示的是英文，我们想把它显示为我们自定义的名称
这个其实很简单，在我们创建app的时候，Django会在该app下自动创建apps.py文件，这个文件就是用于配置app显示名称的
users
编辑users.apps.py
from django.apps import AppConfig
class UsersConfig(AppConfig):
name = 'users'
verbose_name = '用户信息'
编辑users.__init__.py
default_app_config = 'users.apps.UsersConfig'
courses
编辑courses.apps.py
from django.apps import AppConfig
class CoursesConfig(AppConfig):
name = 'courses'
verbose_name = '课程信息'
编辑courses.__init__.py
default_app_config = 'courses.apps.CoursesConfig'
organization
编辑organization.apps.py
from django.apps import AppConfig
class OrganizationConfig(AppConfig):
name = 'organization'
verbose_name = '机构和教师管理'
编辑organization.__init__.py
default_app_config = 'organization.apps.OrganizationConfig'
operation
编辑operation.apps.py
from django.apps import AppConfig
class OperationConfig(AppConfig):
name = 'operation'
verbose_name = '用户操作'
编辑operation.__init__.py
default_app_config = 'operation.apps.OperationConfig'
每天进步一点，加油!
