随笔分类 - Design Pattern
通过DP学习OOP，领悟OOA&D ($.$)
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表示一个作用于某对象结构中的各元素的操作。它可以在不改变各元素的类的前提下定义作用于这些元素的新的操作。
Represent an operation to be performed on the elements of an object structure. Visitor lets you define a new operation without changing the classes of the elements on which it operates.
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定义一个操作中的算法的骨架，而将一些步骤延迟到子类中。Template Method使得子类可以不改变一个算法的结构即可重定义该算法的某些特定步骤。
Define the skeleton of an algorithm in an operation, deferring some steps to subclasses. Template Method lets subclasses redefine certain steps of an algorithm without changing the algorithm's structure.
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定义一系列算法，把它们一个一个封装起来，并且使它们可互相转换。该模式使得算法可独立于使用它的客户而变化。
Define a family of algorithms, encapsulate each one, and make them interchangeable. Strategy lets the algorithm vary independently from clients that use it.
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允许一个对象在其内部状态改变时改变它的行为。从而使对象看起来似乎修改了其行为。
Allow an object to alter its behavior when its internal state changes. The object will appear to change its class.
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定义对象间的一种一对多的依赖关系，以便当一个对象的状态发生改变时，所有依赖于它的对象都得到通知并自动更新。
Define a one-to-many dependency between objects so that when one object changes state, all its dependents are notified and updated automatically.
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在不破坏封装性的前提下，捕获一个对象的内部状态，并在该对象之外保存这个状态。这样以后就可以将该对象恢复到原先保存的状态。
Without violating encapsulation, capture and externalize an object's internal state so that the object can be restored to this state later.
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用一个中介对象来封装一系列的对象交互。中介者使各对象不需要显式地相互引用，从而使其耦合松散，而且可以独立地改变它们之间的交互。
Define an object that encapsulates how a set of objects interact. Mediator promotes loose coupling by keeping objects from referring to each other explicitly, and it lets you vary their interaction independently.
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提供一种方法顺序访问一个聚合对象中各个元素，而又不需暴露该对象的内部表示。
Provide a way to access the elements of an aggregate object sequentially without exposing its underlying representation.
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给定一个语言，定义它的文法的一种表示，并定义一种解释器，这个解释器使用该表示来解释语言中的句子。
Given a language, define a representation for its grammar along with an interpreter that uses the representation to interpret sentences in the language.
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将一个请求封装为一个对象，从而使你可用不同的请求对客户进行参数化；对请求排队或记录请求日志，以及支持可撤销的操作。
Encapsulate a request as an object, thereby letting you parameterize clients with different requests, queue or log requests, and support undoable operations.
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为使多个对象都有机会处理请求，从而避免请求的发送者和接收者之间的耦合关系。将这些对象连成一条链，并沿着这条链传递该请求，直到有一个对象处理它为止。
Avoid coupling the sender of a request to its receiver by giving more than one object a chance to handle the request. Chain the receiving objects and pass the request along the chain until an object handles it.
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为其他对象提供一种代理以控制对这个对象的访问。
Provide a surrogate or placeholder for another object to control access to it.
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运用共享技术有效地支持大量细粒度的对象。
Use sharing to support large numbers of fine-grained objects efficiently.
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为子系统中的一组接口提供一个一致的界面，Facade模式定义了一个高层接口，这个接口使得这一子系统更加容易使用。
Provide a unified interface to a set of interfaces in a subsystem. Façade defines a higher-level interface that makes the subsystem easier to use.
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动态地给一个对象增加一些额外的职责。就增加功能而言，Decorator模式比生成子类更为灵活。
Attach additional responsibilities to an object dynamically. Decorators provide a flexible alternative to subclassing for extending functionality.
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将对象组合成结构以表示“部分－整体”的层次结构。Composite使得用户对单个对象和组合对象的使用具有一致性。
Compose objects into tree structures to represent part-whole hierarchies. Composite lets clients treat individual objects and compositions of objects uniformly.
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将抽象部分与实现部分分离，使它们都可以独立地变化。
Decouple an abstraction from its implementation so that the two can vary independently.
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将一个类的接口转换成客房希望的另一个接口。Adapter模式使得原本由于接口不兼容而不能一起工作的那些类可以一起工作。
Convert the interface of a class into another interface clients expect. Adapter lets classes work together that couldn't otherwise because of incompatible interfaces.
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使用原型实例指定创建对象的种类，然后通过拷贝这些原型来创建新的对象。
Specify the kind of objects to create using a prototypical instance, and create new objects by copying this prototype.
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定义一个用于创建对象的接口，让子类决定实例化哪一个类。Factory Method使得一个类的实例化延迟到子类。
Define an interface for creating an object, but let subclasses decide which class to instantiate. Factory Method lets a class defer instantiation to subclasses.
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