WPF通过DynamicResource实现给界面动态更换皮肤
在我们的程序中有时候需要去实现动态更换皮肤的效果,从而完成一些个性化的设置,那么我们究竟怎样去实现动态换皮肤的效果呢?那么我们经常用到的就是设置不同的Style,并且在主程序的xaml文件中通过DynamicResource引用这些Style,当我们点击更换皮肤时我们就动态去改变这些Style,从而实现动态去更换皮肤的操作。我们知道当我们使用Style="{DynamicResource styleBanner}"这种类型的代码时,我们的编译器首先会到App.xaml下面去寻找当前x:key为styleBanner的Style,如果能够找到,那么我们就可以将当前的Style设置为查找到的值,如果找不到会去MainWindow中查找相关的资源,并将查找到的资源赋值给该Style,如果还是找不到的话,会沿着MainWindow的子元素一级级去查找相关资源,直到最后找到相关的类型资源,如果找不到那么Style值为null;
在我们的程序中我们通过右键菜单来完成背景的切换,首先看一下我们的ContextMenu的代码:
<Grid.ContextMenu> <ContextMenu MenuItem.Click="OnMenuItemClick"> <MenuItem Tag=".\Resources\Skins\BlackSkin.xaml" IsChecked="True"> <MenuItem.Header> <Rectangle Width="120" Height="40" Fill="Black" /> </MenuItem.Header> </MenuItem> <MenuItem Tag=".\Resources\Skins\GreenSkin.xaml"> <MenuItem.Header> <Rectangle Width="120" Height="40" Fill="Green" /> </MenuItem.Header> </MenuItem> <MenuItem Tag=".\Resources\Skins\BlueSkin.xaml"> <MenuItem.Header> <Rectangle Width="120" Height="40" Fill="Blue" /> </MenuItem.Header> </MenuItem> </ContextMenu> </Grid.ContextMenu>
我们把每一个资源文件的相对路径作为一个Tag附加到每一个MenuItem上,这样当我们点击其中的某一个MenuItem的时候,我们就能够查找到相关的资源,从而加载该资源,另外这里有一个小技巧,当我们需要为每一个MenuItem执行相同的Click事件的时候,我们不必进行重复去写,我们可以在MenuItem的上一级ContextMenu 中添加附加属性MenuItem.Click="OnMenuItemClick",这样就可以不用重复去定义Click事件了。下面就是关键的OnMenuItemClick事件的代码了。
void OnMenuItemClick(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { MenuItem item = e.OriginalSource as MenuItem; // Update the checked state of the menu items. Grid mainGrid = this.Content as Grid; foreach (MenuItem mi in mainGrid.ContextMenu.Items) mi.IsChecked = mi == item; // Load the selected skin. this.ApplySkinFromMenuItem(item); }
这里通过e.OriginalSource来查找触发的事件源,这里每选择其中的一项时会将其他的项的IsChecked属性设置为false,这段代码里调用了一个核心的函数叫做ApplySkinFromMenuItem,那么我们来看看具体是怎么实现的。
void ApplySkinFromMenuItem(MenuItem item) { // Get a relative path to the ResourceDictionary which // contains the selected skin. string skinDictPath = item.Tag as string; Uri skinDictUri = new Uri(skinDictPath, UriKind.Relative); // Tell the Application to load the skin resources. DemoApp app = Application.Current as DemoApp; app.ApplySkin(skinDictUri); }
我们把每个Tag中定义的不同皮肤的Xaml文件的路径传入DemoApp下面的ApplySkin函数中,记住使用Application.Current能够获取当前应用程序中唯一的APP,我们来看看我们的DemoAPP中定义的这个方法。
namespace SkinnableApp { public partial class DemoApp : Application { public void ApplySkin(Uri skinDictionaryUri) { // Load the ResourceDictionary into memory. ResourceDictionary skinDict = Application.LoadComponent(skinDictionaryUri) as ResourceDictionary; Collection<ResourceDictionary> mergedDicts = base.Resources.MergedDictionaries; // Remove the existing skin dictionary, if one exists. // NOTE: In a real application, this logic might need // to be more complex, because there might be dictionaries // which should not be removed. if (mergedDicts.Count > 0) mergedDicts.Clear(); // Apply the selected skin so that all elements in the // application will honor the new look and feel. mergedDicts.Add(skinDict); } } }
ResourceDictionary skinDict = Application.LoadComponent(skinDictionaryUri) as ResourceDictionary这行代码是用于加载位于指定统一资源标识符 (URI) 处的 XAML 文件,并将其转换为由该 XAML 文件的根元素指定的对象的实例,也就是将每一个MenuItem的Tag中标识的路径下的XAML文件的根元素指定的对象的实例获取到。我们获取到了该ResourceDictionary 接下来我们就需要将该ResourceDictionary 加载到Appliciton的MergedDictionaries(获取 System.Windows.ResourceDictionary 字典的集合,这些字典构成了合并的字典中的各种资源字典。)下面,通过Collection<ResourceDictionary> mergedDicts = base.Resources.MergedDictionaries;我们能够获取到当前Application级别下所有的资源字典,这里需要注意的就是在我们将新的ResourceDictionary 添加到mergedDicts 下面之前,我们需要先清除掉原来里面的内容,这是因为我们的
每一个xaml文件中使用的key都是相同的,为了避免混淆,所以首先清除掉原来的内容,其实每一次加载的时候即使有相同的key值编译器也只会默认加载最后面的一个,但是我们的操作会不断重复操作,所以mergedDicts 里面的内容会越加越多,所以这在程序中是一种不合理的方式。
在清除完毕之后,将我们的新的xaml文件作为ResourceDictionary 添加到里面去。这样我们的MainWindow.xaml就会查找到这些相关的内容。下面贴出相关的代码以及换肤后的图片内容。
MainWindow.xaml文件:
<Window x:Class="SkinnableApp.MainWindow" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:scm="clr-namespace:System.ComponentModel;assembly=WindowsBase" xmlns:local="clr-namespace:SkinnableApp" SizeToContent="Height" ResizeMode="NoResize" Title="Skinnable App" Width="680" WindowStartupLocation="CenterScreen" WindowStyle="ToolWindow"> <Grid x:Name="Root" Style="{DynamicResource styleBackground}"> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height="Auto" /> <RowDefinition Height="*" /> <RowDefinition Height="50" /> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition Width="*" /> <ColumnDefinition Width="2.5*" /> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <!-- CONTEXT MENU --> <Grid.ContextMenu> <ContextMenu MenuItem.Click="OnMenuItemClick"> <MenuItem Tag=".\Resources\Skins\BlackSkin.xaml" IsChecked="True"> <MenuItem.Header> <Rectangle Width="120" Height="40" Fill="Black" /> </MenuItem.Header> </MenuItem> <MenuItem Tag=".\Resources\Skins\GreenSkin.xaml"> <MenuItem.Header> <Rectangle Width="120" Height="40" Fill="Green" /> </MenuItem.Header> </MenuItem> <MenuItem Tag=".\Resources\Skins\BlueSkin.xaml"> <MenuItem.Header> <Rectangle Width="120" Height="40" Fill="Blue" /> </MenuItem.Header> </MenuItem> </ContextMenu> </Grid.ContextMenu> <!-- AGENTS DATA SOURCE --> <Grid.DataContext> <CollectionViewSource> <CollectionViewSource.Source> <XmlDataProvider Source=".\Resources\Data\agents.xml" XPath="Agents/Agent" /> </CollectionViewSource.Source> <CollectionViewSource.SortDescriptions> <scm:SortDescription PropertyName="Name/Last" /> <scm:SortDescription PropertyName="Name/First" /> </CollectionViewSource.SortDescriptions> </CollectionViewSource> </Grid.DataContext> <!-- BANNER --> <Grid Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Height="70" Style="{DynamicResource styleBanner}" > <TextBlock FontSize="26" Padding="10,0,10,0" Text="Insurance Agent Management System" VerticalAlignment="Center"/> </Grid> <!-- AGENT SELECTOR --> <local:AgentSelectorControl Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="0"/> <!-- AGENT DETAILS --> <local:AgentDetailsControl Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1"/> <StackPanel Height="40" Orientation="Horizontal" Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="0" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"> <Button Content="移动到第一项" Click="MoveToFirstItem"></Button> <Button Content="移动到上一项" Click="MoveToForwardItem" Margin="10,0,10,0"></Button> <Button Content="移动到下一项" Click="MoveToNextItem" Margin="10,0,10,0"></Button> <Button Content="移动到最后一项" Click="MoveToLastItem" Margin="10,0,10,0"></Button> </StackPanel> </Grid> </Window>
这里列举其中的一种皮肤的样式:BlueSkin.xaml
<ResourceDictionary xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" > <ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries> <ResourceDictionary Source=".\BaseSkin.xaml" /> </ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries> <!-- Background Style --> <Style x:Key="styleBackground"> <Setter Property="Control.Background"> <Setter.Value> <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0.5" EndPoint="1,0.5" Opacity="0.5"> <GradientStop Color="LightSkyBlue" Offset="0" /> <GradientStop Color="WhiteSmoke" Offset="0.5" /> <GradientStop Color="LightSkyBlue" Offset="1" /> </LinearGradientBrush> </Setter.Value> </Setter> </Style> <!-- Banner Style --> <Style x:Key="styleBanner"> <Setter Property="StackPanel.Background"> <Setter.Value> <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0.25" EndPoint="1,0.5"> <GradientStop Color="#CC0088DD" Offset="0.3" /> <GradientStop Color="#3300FFFF" Offset="0.85" /> </LinearGradientBrush> </Setter.Value> </Setter> <Setter Property="TextBlock.Foreground" Value="Yellow" /> <Setter Property="TextBlock.FontFamily" Value="Comic Sans MS" /> </Style> <!-- Content Area Style --> <Style x:Key="styleContentArea" BasedOn="{StaticResource styleContentArea_Base}"> <Setter Property="Border.Background"> <Setter.Value> <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0.5,0" EndPoint="0.5,1"> <GradientStop Color="#FFFFFFFF" Offset="0.5" /> <GradientStop Color="#CCFFFFDD" Offset="1" /> </LinearGradientBrush> </Setter.Value> </Setter> <Setter Property="Border.BorderBrush" Value="Gray" /> <Setter Property="TextBlock.FontFamily" Value="Comic Sans MS" /> </Style> <!-- Content Area Header Brush --> <LinearGradientBrush x:Key="contentAreaHeaderBrush" StartPoint="0.5,0" EndPoint="1,0.5"> <GradientStop Color="#CC0088DD" Offset="0.3" /> <GradientStop Color="#CC00AADD" Offset="0.75" /> </LinearGradientBrush> <!-- Content Area Header Style --> <Style x:Key="styleContentAreaHeader" BasedOn="{StaticResource styleContentAreaHeader_Base}"> <Setter Property="Border.Background" Value="{StaticResource contentAreaHeaderBrush}" /> <Setter Property="TextBlock.Foreground" Value="Yellow" /> <Setter Property="FrameworkElement.BitmapEffect"> <Setter.Value> <DropShadowBitmapEffect ShadowDepth="12" /> </Setter.Value> </Setter> <Setter Property="FrameworkElement.LayoutTransform"> <Setter.Value> <RotateTransform Angle="-2" /> </Setter.Value> </Setter> </Style> <!-- Agent Image Border Style --> <Style x:Key="styleAgentImageBorder" TargetType="Border" BasedOn="{StaticResource styleAgentImageBorder_Base}"> <Setter Property="BitmapEffect"> <Setter.Value> <DropShadowBitmapEffect /> </Setter.Value> </Setter> <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="Gray" /> <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="1" /> </Style> </ResourceDictionary>
下面贴出几更换皮肤的图片。