關於imagick不得不說的一些事
PHP建圖通常都用GD庫,因為是內置的不需要在服務器上額外安裝插件,所以用起來比較省心,但是如果你的程序主要的功能就是處理圖像,那麼就不建議用GD了,因為GD不但低效能而且能力也比較弱,佔用的系統資源也頗多,另外GD的creatfrom???也有bug,而imagick卻是一個很好的替代品,為此最近把我的一個項目由GD改成了imagick,但是改完之後出現了一些狀況在此分享給大家.
首先說一下我這邊出現的狀況:
狀況一:需要重寫圖像操作class
狀況二:imagick多線程時會導致cpu使用率暴增到100%
在此順便提一下imagick在centos6.4的安裝方法:
1、安装ImageMagick wget http://soft.vpser.net/web/imagemagick/ImageMagick-6.7.1-2.tar.gz tar zxvf ImageMagick-6.7.1-2.tar.gz cd ImageMagick-6.7.1-2/ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/imagemagick --disable-openmp make && make install ldconfig 测试ImageMagick是否可以正常运行： /usr/local/imagemagick/bin/convert -version 2、安装PHP扩展：imagick wget http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-3.0.1.tgz tar zxvf imagick-3.0.1.tgz cd imagick-3.0.1/ /usr/local/php/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-imagick=/usr/local/imagemagick make && make install ldconfig vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini 添加：extension = "imagick.so" 重启lnmp /root/lnmp reload
接下來我們針對上述兩個狀況分別提出解決辦法:
狀況一的解決辦法如下:
1 /** 2 Imagick圖像處理類 3 用法: 4 //引入Imagick物件 5 if(!defined('CLASS_IMAGICK')){require(Inc.'class_imagick.php');} 6 $Imagick=new class_imagick(); 7 $Imagick->open('a.gif'); 8 $Imagick->resize_to(100,100,'scale_fill'); 9 $Imagick->add_text('1024i.com',10,20); 10 $Imagick->add_watermark('1024i.gif',10,50); 11 $Imagick->save_to('x.gif'); 12 unset($Imagick); 13 /**/ 14 15 define('CLASS_IMAGICK',TRUE); 16 class class_imagick{ 17 private $image=null; 18 private $type=null; 19 20 // 構造 21 public function __construct(){} 22 23 // 析構 24 public function __destruct(){ 25 if($this->image!==null){$this->image->destroy();} 26 } 27 28 // 載入圖像 29 public function open($path){ 30 if(!file_exists($path)){ 31 $this->image=null; 32 return ; 33 } 34 $this->image=new Imagick($path); 35 if($this->image){ 36 $this->type=strtolower($this->image->getImageFormat()); 37 } 38 $this->image->stripImage(); 39 return $this->image; 40 } 41 42 /** 43 圖像裁切 44 /**/ 45 public function crop($x=0,$y=0,$width=null,$height=null){ 46 if($width==null) $width=$this->image->getImageWidth()-$x; 47 if($height==null) $height=$this->image->getImageHeight()-$y; 48 if($width<=0 || $height<=0) return; 49 50 if($this->type=='gif'){ 51 $image=$this->image; 52 $canvas=new Imagick(); 53 54 $images=$image->coalesceImages(); 55 foreach($images as $frame){ 56 $img=new Imagick(); 57 $img->readImageBlob($frame); 58 $img->cropImage($width,$height,$x,$y); 59 60 $canvas->addImage($img); 61 $canvas->setImageDelay($img->getImageDelay()); 62 $canvas->setImagePage($width,$height,0,0); 63 } 64 65 $image->destroy(); 66 $this->image=$canvas; 67 }else{ 68 $this->image->cropImage($width,$height,$x,$y); 69 } 70 } 71 72 /** 73 更改圖像大小 74 參數: 75 $width:新的寬度 76 $height:新的高度 77 $fit: 適應大小 78 'force': 把圖像強制改為$width X $height 79 'scale': 按比例在$width X $height內縮放圖片,結果不完全等於$width X $height 80 'scale_fill':按比例在$width X $height內縮放圖片,沒有像素的地方填充顏色$fill_color=array(255,255,255)(红,绿,蓝,透明度[0不透明-127全透明]) 81 其他:智能模式,縮放圖片並從正中裁切$width X $height的大小 82 注意: 83 $fit='force','scale','scale_fill'時輸出完整圖像 84 $fit=圖像方位時輸出指定位置部份的圖像 85 字母與圖像的對應關係如下: 86 north_west north north_east 87 west center east 88 south_west south south_east 89 /**/ 90 public function resize_to($width=100,$height=100,$fit='center',$fill_color=array(255,255,255,0)){ 91 switch($fit){ 92 case 'force': 93 if($this->type=='gif'){ 94 $image=$this->image; 95 $canvas=new Imagick(); 96 97 $images=$image->coalesceImages(); 98 foreach($images as $frame){ 99 $img=new Imagick(); 100 $img->readImageBlob($frame); 101 $img->thumbnailImage($width,$height,false); 102 103 $canvas->addImage($img); 104 $canvas->setImageDelay($img->getImageDelay()); 105 } 106 $image->destroy(); 107 $this->image=$canvas; 108 }else{ 109 $this->image->thumbnailImage($width,$height,false); 110 } 111 break; 112 case 'scale': 113 if($this->type=='gif'){ 114 $image=$this->image; 115 $images=$image->coalesceImages(); 116 $canvas=new Imagick(); 117 foreach($images as $frame){ 118 $img=new Imagick(); 119 $img->readImageBlob($frame); 120 $img->thumbnailImage($width,$height,true); 121 122 $canvas->addImage($img); 123 $canvas->setImageDelay($img->getImageDelay()); 124 } 125 $image->destroy(); 126 $this->image=$canvas; 127 }else{ 128 $this->image->thumbnailImage($width,$height,true); 129 } 130 break; 131 case 'scale_fill': 132 $size=$this->image->getImagePage(); 133 $src_width=$size['width']; 134 $src_height=$size['height']; 135 136 $x=0; 137 $y=0; 138 139 $dst_width=$width; 140 $dst_height=$height; 141 142 if($src_width*$height > $src_height*$width){ 143 $dst_height=intval($width*$src_height/$src_width); 144 $y=intval(($height-$dst_height)/2); 145 }else{ 146 $dst_width=intval($height*$src_width/$src_height); 147 $x=intval(($width-$dst_width)/2); 148 } 149 150 $image=$this->image; 151 $canvas=new Imagick(); 152 153 $color='rgba('.$fill_color[0].','.$fill_color[1].','.$fill_color[2].','.$fill_color[3].')'; 154 if($this->type=='gif'){ 155 $images=$image->coalesceImages(); 156 foreach($images as $frame){ 157 $frame->thumbnailImage($width,$height,true); 158 159 $draw=new ImagickDraw(); 160 $draw->composite($frame->getImageCompose(),$x,$y,$dst_width,$dst_height,$frame); 161 162 $img=new Imagick(); 163 $img->newImage($width,$height,$color,'gif'); 164 $img->drawImage($draw); 165 166 $canvas->addImage($img); 167 $canvas->setImageDelay($img->getImageDelay()); 168 $canvas->setImagePage($width,$height,0,0); 169 } 170 }else{ 171 $image->thumbnailImage($width,$height,true); 172 173 $draw=new ImagickDraw(); 174 $draw->composite($image->getImageCompose(),$x,$y,$dst_width,$dst_height,$image); 175 176 $canvas->newImage($width,$height,$color,$this->get_type()); 177 $canvas->drawImage($draw); 178 $canvas->setImagePage($width,$height,0,0); 179 } 180 $image->destroy(); 181 $this->image=$canvas; 182 break; 183 default: 184 $size=$this->image->getImagePage(); 185 $src_width=$size['width']; 186 $src_height=$size['height']; 187 188 $crop_x=0; 189 $crop_y=0; 190 191 $crop_w=$src_width; 192 $crop_h=$src_height; 193 194 if($src_width*$height > $src_height*$width){ 195 $crop_w=intval($src_height*$width/$height); 196 }else{ 197 $crop_h=intval($src_width*$height/$width); 198 } 199 200 switch($fit){ 201 case 'north_west': 202 $crop_x=0; 203 $crop_y=0; 204 break; 205 case 'north': 206 $crop_x=intval(($src_width-$crop_w)/2); 207 $crop_y=0; 208 break; 209 case 'north_east': 210 $crop_x=$src_width-$crop_w; 211 $crop_y=0; 212 break; 213 case 'west': 214 $crop_x=0; 215 $crop_y=intval(($src_height-$crop_h)/2); 216 break; 217 case 'center': 218 $crop_x=intval(($src_width-$crop_w)/2); 219 $crop_y=intval(($src_height-$crop_h)/2); 220 break; 221 case 'east': 222 $crop_x=$src_width-$crop_w; 223 $crop_y=intval(($src_height-$crop_h)/2); 224 break; 225 case 'south_west': 226 $crop_x=0; 227 $crop_y=$src_height-$crop_h; 228 break; 229 case 'south': 230 $crop_x=intval(($src_width-$crop_w)/2); 231 $crop_y=$src_height-$crop_h; 232 break; 233 case 'south_east': 234 $crop_x=$src_width-$crop_w; 235 $crop_y=$src_height-$crop_h; 236 break; 237 default: 238 $crop_x=intval(($src_width-$crop_w)/2); 239 $crop_y=intval(($src_height-$crop_h)/2); 240 } 241 242 $image=$this->image; 243 $canvas=new Imagick(); 244 245 if($this->type=='gif'){ 246 $images=$image->coalesceImages(); 247 foreach($images as $frame){ 248 $img=new Imagick(); 249 $img->readImageBlob($frame); 250 $img->cropImage($crop_w,$crop_h,$crop_x,$crop_y); 251 $img->thumbnailImage($width,$height,true); 252 253 $canvas->addImage($img); 254 $canvas->setImageDelay($img->getImageDelay()); 255 $canvas->setImagePage($width,$height,0,0); 256 } 257 }else{ 258 $image->cropImage($crop_w,$crop_h,$crop_x,$crop_y); 259 $image->thumbnailImage($width,$height,true); 260 $canvas->addImage($image); 261 $canvas->setImagePage($width,$height,0,0); 262 } 263 $image->destroy(); 264 $this->image=$canvas; 265 } 266 } 267 268 /** 269 添加圖片水印 270 參數: 271 $path:水印圖片(包含完整路徑) 272 $x,$y:水印座標 273 /**/ 274 public function add_watermark($path,$x=0,$y=0){ 275 $watermark=new Imagick($path); 276 $draw=new ImagickDraw(); 277 $draw->composite($watermark->getImageCompose(),$x,$y,$watermark->getImageWidth(),$watermark->getimageheight(),$watermark); 278 279 if($this->type=='gif'){ 280 $image=$this->image; 281 $canvas=new Imagick(); 282 $images=$image->coalesceImages(); 283 foreach($image as $frame){ 284 $img=new Imagick(); 285 $img->readImageBlob($frame); 286 $img->drawImage($draw); 287 288 $canvas->addImage($img); 289 $canvas->setImageDelay($img->getImageDelay()); 290 } 291 $image->destroy(); 292 $this->image=$canvas; 293 }else{ 294 $this->image->drawImage($draw); 295 } 296 } 297 298 /** 299 添加文字水印 300 參數: 301 $text:水印文字 302 $x,$y:水印座標 303 /**/ 304 public function add_text($text,$x=0,$y=0,$angle=0,$style=array()){ 305 $draw=new ImagickDraw(); 306 if(isset($style['font'])) $draw->setFont($style['font']); 307 if(isset($style['font_size'])) $draw->setFontSize($style['font_size']); 308 if(isset($style['fill_color'])) $draw->setFillColor($style['fill_color']); 309 if(isset($style['under_color'])) $draw->setTextUnderColor($style['under_color']); 310 311 if($this->type=='gif'){ 312 foreach($this->image as $frame){ 313 $frame->annotateImage($draw,$x,$y,$angle,$text); 314 } 315 }else{ 316 $this->image->annotateImage($draw,$x,$y,$angle,$text); 317 } 318 } 319 320 /** 321 圖片存檔 322 參數: 323 $path:存檔的位置和新的檔案名 324 /**/ 325 public function save_to($path){ 326 $this->image->stripImage(); 327 switch($this->type){ 328 case 'gif': 329 $this->image->writeImages($path,true); 330 return ; 331 case 'jpg': 332 case 'jpeg': 333 $this->image->setImageCompressionQuality($_ENV['ImgQ']); 334 $this->image->writeImage($path); 335 return ; 336 case 'png': 337 $flag = $this->image->getImageAlphaChannel(); 338 339 // 如果png背景不透明則壓縮 340 if(imagick::ALPHACHANNEL_UNDEFINED == $flag or imagick::ALPHACHANNEL_DEACTIVATE == $flag){ 341 $this->image->setImageType(imagick::IMGTYPE_PALETTE); 342 $this->image->writeImage($path); 343 }else{ 344 $this->image->writeImage($path); 345 }unset($flag); 346 return ; 347 default: 348 $this->image->writeImage($path); 349 return ; 350 } 351 } 352 353 // 直接輸出圖像到螢幕 354 public function output($header=true){ 355 if($header) header('Content-type: '.$this->type); 356 echo $this->image->getImagesBlob(); 357 } 358 359 /** 360 建立縮小圖 361 $fit為真時,將保持比例並在$width X $height内產生縮小圖 362 /**/ 363 public function thumbnail($width=100,$height=100,$fit=true){$this->image->thumbnailImage($width,$height,$fit);} 364 365 /** 366 給圖像添加邊框 367 $width: 左右邊框寬度 368 $height: 上下邊框寬度 369 $color: 顏色 370 /**/ 371 public function border($width,$height,$color='rgb(220,220,220)'){ 372 $color=new ImagickPixel(); 373 $color->setColor($color); 374 $this->image->borderImage($color,$width,$height); 375 } 376 377 //取得圖像寬度 378 public function get_width(){$size=$this->image->getImagePage();return $size['width'];} 379 380 //取得圖像高度 381 public function get_height(){$size=$this->image->getImagePage();return $size['height'];} 382 383 // 設置圖像類型 384 public function set_type($type='png'){$this->type=$type;$this->image->setImageFormat($type);} 385 386 // 取得圖像類型 387 public function get_type(){return $this->type;} 388 389 public function blur($radius,$sigma){$this->image->blurImage($radius,$sigma);} // 模糊 390 public function gaussian_blur($radius,$sigma){$this->image->gaussianBlurImage($radius,$sigma);} // 高斯模糊 391 public function motion_blur($radius,$sigma,$angle){$this->image->motionBlurImage($radius,$sigma,$angle);} // 運動模糊 392 public function radial_blur($radius){$this->image->radialBlurImage($radius);} // 徑向模糊 393 public function add_noise($type=null){$this->image->addNoiseImage($type==null?imagick::NOISE_IMPULSE:$type);} // 添加噪點 394 public function level($black_point,$gamma,$white_point){$this->image->levelImage($black_point,$gamma,$white_point);} // 調整色階 395 public function modulate($brightness,$saturation,$hue){$this->image->modulateImage($brightness,$saturation,$hue);} // 調整亮度,飽和度,色調 396 public function charcoal($radius,$sigma){$this->image->charcoalImage($radius,$sigma);} // 素描效果 397 public function oil_paint($radius){$this->image->oilPaintImage($radius);} // 油畫效果 398 public function flop(){$this->image->flopImage();} // 水平翻轉 399 public function flip(){$this->image->flipImage();} // 垂直翻轉 400 }
狀況二的解決辦法如下:
首先用/usr/local/imagemagick/bin/convert -version指令查看一下輸出內容是否已經開啟了多線程,Features:的值為空說明是單線程,如果Features:的值是openMP說明是多線程.imagick的多線程模式有一個bug,他會導致多核心的cpu使用率瞬間飆升到100%.所以一定要使用它的單線程模式才行.
Version: ImageMagick 6.7.1-2 2014-05-29 Q16 http://www.imagemagick.org Copyright: Copyright (C) 1999-2011 ImageMagick Studio LLC Features:
上邊是我配置正確時顯示的結果,如果沒有配置正確會顯示下邊的結果
Version: ImageMagick 6.7.1-2 2014-05-29 Q16 http://www.imagemagick.org Copyright: Copyright (C) 1999-2011 ImageMagick Studio LLC Features: openMP
第一種結果是單線程模式,第二種結果是多線程模式,因為imagick的多線程模式有bug,所以如果您剛開始是用多線程模式安裝的imagick那就必須要yum remove imagemagick將其卸載掉重新安裝才行.
經過重寫class,重裝imagick之後一切正常,而且處理圖像的效能比之以前有了大幅提升
