deployment介绍和使用
什么是deployment
deployment是对pods和ReplicaSet的定义,定义了pods和ReplicaSet的定义和实现方式等。
如下为deployment的定义
apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: nginx-deployment labels: app: nginx spec: replicas: 3 selector: matchLabels: app: nginx template: metadata: labels: app: nginx spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx:1.12.2 ports: - containerPort: 80
metadata 指明了服务名为nginx-deployment, 标签为nginx,
spec指定了pod的副本为3个,每个pod容器镜像为ngix:1.12.2, 容器端暴漏的端口为80
接下来我们启动deployment
kubectl create -f deployment_nginx.yml
会显示:”nginx-deployment deployment has been created”
我们执行
kubectl get deployment
查看deployment状态
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE nginx-deployment 3 3 3 3 9s
可以看到deployment启动了三个pod,并且三个pod都是可用的。
kubectl get rs
可以看到ReplicaSet的状态为启动了3个pod,都是就绪状态
接下来可以查看下pod
kubectl get pods
显示deployment详细信息
kubectl get deployment -o wide
我们也可以更新deployment的image
kubectl set image deployment nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:1.1.13
我们可以回滚deployment版本
kubectl rollout undo deployment nginx-deployment
查看deployment的历史信息
kubectl rollout history deployment nginx-deployment
将deployment服务暴露出去
kubectl expose deployment nginx-deployment --type=NodePort
终端会提示服务已经暴露出去
service nginx-deployment exposed
我们接下来查看下service信息
kubectl get svc
会显示服务映射的端口和地址
安装kubeadm
基于ubuntu配置k8s环境
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master
设置好后可以查看下我们的配置
tail /etc/hosts
查看防火墙状态
sudo apt-get install ufw
关闭临时分区
swapoff -a
更新https
apt-get update && apt-get install -y apt-transport-https
获取gpg
curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add -
新增源
add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main"
更新apt
apt-get update
查看1.15最新版本
apt-cache madison kubelet kubectl kubeadm |grep '1.15.4-00' //查看1.15的最新版本
安装指定版本的工具
apt install -y kubelet=1.15.4-00 kubectl=1.15.4-00 kubeadm=1.15.4-00 //安装指定的版本
kubelet禁用swap
tee /etc/default/kubelet <<-'EOF' KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--fail-swap-on=false" EOF systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart kubelet
初始化k8s
kubeadm init \ --kubernetes-version=v1.15.4 \ --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \ --pod-network-cidr=10.24.0.0/16 \ --ignore-preflight-errors=Swap
在当前账户下执行,kubectl配置调用
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
使用fannel的overlay网络实现多节点pod通信
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
查看pods信息
kubectl get pods -A
配置dashboard
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0-beta4/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
配置后查看pod信息
get pods -A
查看namespaces信息
kubectl get namespaces
可以查看所有的namespaces信息
设置好网络模式后,接下来查看下apiserver暴露的地址
kubectl cluster-info
显示如下
Kubernetes master is running at https://172.17.0.9:6443 Heapster is running at https://172.17.0.9:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/heapster/proxy KubeDNS is running at https://172.17.0.9:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy monitoring-grafana is running at https://172.17.0.9:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-grafana/proxy monitoring-influxdb is running at https://172.17.0.9:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-influxdb/proxy
如果外网访问,换成外网地址就行了。
我自己dashboard的访问地址:
https://81.68.86.146:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/
因为访问dashboard需要权限
1.创建服务账号
首先创建一个叫admin-user的服务账号,并放在kube-system名称空间下:
# admin-user.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: name: admin-user namespace: kube-system
执行kubectl create命令:
kubectl create -f admin-user.yaml
2.绑定角色
默认情况下,kubeadm创建集群时已经创建了admin角色,我们直接绑定即可:
# admin-user-role-binding.yaml apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 kind: ClusterRoleBinding metadata: name: admin-user roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: cluster-admin subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: admin-user namespace: kube-system
执行kubectl create命令:
kubectl create -f admin-user-role-binding.yaml
3.获取Token
现在我们需要找到新创建的用户的Token,以便用来登录dashboard:
kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $ 1}')
4 制作证书
k8s默认启动了证书验证,我们创建证书
# 生成client-certificate-data grep 'client-certificate-data' ~/.kube/config | head -n 1 | awk '{print $2}' | base64 -d >> kubecfg.crt # 生成client-key-data grep 'client-key-data' ~/.kube/config | head -n 1 | awk '{print $2}' | base64 -d >> kubecfg.key # 生成p12 openssl pkcs12 -export -clcerts -inkey kubecfg.key -in kubecfg.crt -out kubecfg.p12 -name "kubernetes-client"
然后我们将kubecfg.p12 copy到windows双击安装证书即可。
然后chrome 打开地址:
https://81.68.86.146:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/
单节点k8s,默认pod不被调度在master节点,需要设置去污点
kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/master- //去污点,master节点可以被调度
输出如下
node/k8s-master untainted